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US2714684A - Low pressure fluoresecent and discharge lamps - Google Patents

Low pressure fluoresecent and discharge lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
US2714684A
US2714684A US102016A US10201649A US2714684A US 2714684 A US2714684 A US 2714684A US 102016 A US102016 A US 102016A US 10201649 A US10201649 A US 10201649A US 2714684 A US2714684 A US 2714684A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
krypton
argon
gas
neon
pure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US102016A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Meister George
Thomas H Heine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CBS Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL78992D priority Critical patent/NL78992C/xx
Priority to BE496584D priority patent/BE496584A/xx
Priority to NL757506388A priority patent/NL153292B/xx
Priority to US102016A priority patent/US2714684A/en
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to GB24089/51A priority patent/GB673485A/en
Priority to ES0193066A priority patent/ES193066A1/es
Priority to DEW2183A priority patent/DE905414C/de
Priority to FR1020704D priority patent/FR1020704A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2714684A publication Critical patent/US2714684A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
    • H01J61/20—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent mercury vapour
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/70—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr
    • H01J61/72—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr having a main light-emitting filling of easily vaporisable metal vapour, e.g. mercury

Definitions

  • the principal object of our invention is to produce low pressure fluorescent and discharge lamps having a iilling of a mixture of mercury and rare gases of such a composition that fluorescence is elciently excited in the phosphor.
  • Another object of our invention is to produce a low pressure fluorescent or discharge lamp comprising a mixture 0f rare gases in which either argon or neon is mixed with krypton and mercury in the proportion to get good eiciency at practical pressures.
  • a further object of our invention is to produce a fluorescent or discharge lamp which has characteristics such as above outlined, whereby it is better than a lamp having only one rare gas admixed with mercury vapor because it is easier to start; it has improved operating characteristics, including a higher ultra-violet and corresponding luminous eiiiciency, at low temperatures, resulting in a decrease in the warm-up period for steady light; and it has a lower cost for the same output.
  • Figure l is an elevational view, with parts in longitudinal section of a lamp embodying our invention.
  • Figures 2 and 3 are graphs showing the variations in ultra-violet output as the composition of the contained gas is changed, each curve having applied thereto a numeral indicating pressure in millimeters of the enclosed gas.
  • Figures4 and 5 are graphs showing the variations in fluorescent light output as the composition of the contained gas is changed, each curve having applied thereto a numeral indicating pressure in millimeters of the enclosed gas.
  • mercury vapor admixed with an inert or rare gas, such as argon at low pressure is commercially ⁇ employed for the generation of ultra-violet radiations which may excite phosphors to give off visible radiations in iluorescent discharge lamps.
  • the assembled tube with coated phosphor sections was sealed onto an exhaust system which had a cooling trap, surrounded by Dry Ice throughout the experiment.
  • a liter reservoir for allowing proper diffusion of gas mixtures was provided into which could be introduced the spectroscopically pure inert or noble gases which are employed.
  • the system also was equipped with a McLeod gauge to read pressures.
  • the lamp was exhausted and baked at. 475 C. for about one hour.
  • the cathodes were processed until no more gas was liberated.
  • the water-jacket was put into place so that the Vycor sections of the jacket and lamp Vycor sections coincided and was firmly fastened to keep it in a xed position.
  • the annular space between the lamp and jacket could be iiushed With water at any desired temperature, which was read on a thermometer placed in the Water surrounding the lamp.
  • a voltage stabilizer was used to control the voltage input on the filament transformers, the discharge transformer, and the ultra-violet meter.
  • U. radiation was set in position opposite the "Vycor section.
  • the photovoltaic cells were placed section and the phosphor sections. They were checked before and after a set of readings with a standard incandescent lamp, also using a voltage stabilizer in the circuit. All stands were securely fastened so as to keep all positions xed during a run.
  • the lamp was seasoned for several days before any readings were taken. This seasoning was done in mercury vapor alone, continuously exhausting during the entire period. During operation of the lam water was ushed up and down the tube until the water temperature was 45 C. All the data were subsequently taken at this temperature. The temperature was checked before and after each current reading. As each current setting was made, the ultra-violet output of the arc, the voltage, the visible light output of the arc, and the light output of the phosphor were read in that order. These zero gas pressure data were again obtained as a reference check after each change of inert gas or inert gas mixtures. After all the preliminary data were obtained, then this lamp was' operated at different inert gas pressures and mixtures of inert gases.
  • the inert gases investigated were krypton, nec-n and argon and mixtures of ltryptonargon and krypton-neon. These gas mixtures were varied so as to obtain suilcient data to show any difference in characteristics and each one was diffused at least 16 hours to insure uniform mixing.
  • the highest ultra-violet eiciency is obtained at approximately 2 mm. gas pressure for all compositions between pure krypton and pure argon.
  • the ultra-violet elftciency is higher for pure krypton than for pure argon at all pressures.
  • the ultra-violet etiiciency decreases rather rapidly towards pure argon, while only a slight decrease is observed towards pure lrrypton, so that at 100% krypton the ultra-violet eiciencies at 2, 3 and 4 mm. gas pressures are relatively close.
  • the etliciencies at 1 and 4 mm. are substantially identical between pure argon and 50% Krypton-50% argon. In this 'instance only a curve for 5 mm. pressure is also plotted.
  • Fluorescent characteristics The uorescent output eiiiciency-composition curves at constant current and temperature for krypton-argon mixtures, Figure 4, show a maximum efficiency at about 50% krypton-50% argon at 2 mm. pressure. The highest uorescent eiiiciency is obtained at 2 mm. for all compositions between pure krypton and pure argon. This uorescent efficiency at 2 mm. pressure coincides reasonably Well with the ultra-violet efficiency curve at 2 mm. pressure. It was found that at this composition, where the fluorescent eiciency is a maximum, the visible light efliciency of the arc is a minimum.
  • the improved gas filling eliminates more than 70% of the lamp warm-up period needed with regular krypton lamps before the light output stops iickering and becomes steady.
  • pure neon will have a relatively higher total output than pure krypton or argon.
  • a 30% Krypton-70% neon gas mixture has the same eiciency as pure krypton and therefore definitely would have a higher total output because the voltage at this composition is higher than for pure krypton.
  • the proportion should range between Ll555% krypton and 55- 45% argon, or between 7080% krypton and 30*20% neon, with the pressure about 2 or between 2 and 3 mm. for an operating temperature near or at 45 C.; that is, be-
  • the lamp of said figure comprises an elongated translucent vitreous en.- velope ll, with heated iilamentary electrodes l2 and i3, one in each end portion, and containing the selected noble gas mixture and some mercury, indicated by the .j globule ltd. If a iluorescent lamp, the selected phosphor l5 is applied to the inner surface of the envelope.
  • the experimental lamp described contained a 3500" white phosphor composed of zinc beryllium silicate and magnesium tungstate
  • the phosphor for commercial use may be any one which eiciently uses and
  • the envelope should, of course, be formed of hightransmitting ultra-violet glass such as Vycor, Corex, those having Corning code Nos. 9740, 9741, 972, or other well-known glass for such purpose.
  • the word translucent as here used is generic to ultra-violet transmitting, as will oe obvious.
  • the words discharge lamp are generic to uorescent lamp.
  • a discharge lamp comprising an elongated translucent vitreous envelope, an electrode in each end portion of said envelope, and a contained mixture of krypton and argon admixed With mercury vapor, the proportion of the krypton being between 45% and 55%, and that of the argon being between 55% and 45% 0i the gas mixture.
  • a discharge lamp for the generation of ultra-violet radiations comprising an elongated envelope of ultraviolet transmitting vitreous material, an electrode in each end portion of said envelope, and a contained mixture of krypton and argon admixed with mercury vapor, the proportion of the krypton being between 45% and 55% and that oi the argon being between 55% and 45% of the gas mixture.
  • a discharge lamp comprising an elongated translucent vitreous envelope, an electrode in each end portion of said envelope, and a contained mixture of krypton and argon at a pressure between 2 and 3 mm. of mercur admixed with mercury vapor, the proportion of the krypton being between 45% and 55%, and oi the argon being between 55% and 45% of the gas mixture.

Landscapes

  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
US102016A 1949-06-29 1949-06-29 Low pressure fluoresecent and discharge lamps Expired - Lifetime US2714684A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL78992D NL78992C (fr) 1949-06-29
BE496584D BE496584A (fr) 1949-06-29
NL757506388A NL153292B (nl) 1949-06-29 Was-, spoel- of opvangbak.
US102016A US2714684A (en) 1949-06-29 1949-06-29 Low pressure fluoresecent and discharge lamps
GB24089/51A GB673485A (en) 1949-06-29 1950-04-18 Improvements in or relating to electric discharge lamps
ES0193066A ES193066A1 (es) 1949-06-29 1950-05-20 UNA LáMPARA DE DESCARGA DE BAJA PRESIoN
DEW2183A DE905414C (de) 1949-06-29 1950-05-24 Entladungslampe mit langgestreckter Glashuelle und je einer Elektrode an beiden Enden dieser Huelle
FR1020704D FR1020704A (fr) 1949-06-29 1950-06-22 Lampes fluorescentes et à décharges basse pression

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US102016A US2714684A (en) 1949-06-29 1949-06-29 Low pressure fluoresecent and discharge lamps

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2714684A true US2714684A (en) 1955-08-02

Family

ID=22287666

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US102016A Expired - Lifetime US2714684A (en) 1949-06-29 1949-06-29 Low pressure fluoresecent and discharge lamps

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US2714684A (fr)
BE (1) BE496584A (fr)
DE (1) DE905414C (fr)
ES (1) ES193066A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1020704A (fr)
GB (1) GB673485A (fr)
NL (2) NL153292B (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3800187A (en) * 1971-04-28 1974-03-26 Multiblitz Mannesmann Gmbh Co Flash lighting arrangement
US4032814A (en) * 1974-08-19 1977-06-28 Duro-Test Corporation Fluorescent lamp with reduced wattage consumption
US4032813A (en) * 1974-08-19 1977-06-28 Duro-Test Corporation Fluorescent lamp with reduced wattage consumption having electrode shield with getter material
US4308650A (en) * 1979-12-28 1982-01-05 Gte Products Corporation Method of making a mercury dispenser, getter and shield assembly for a fluorescent lamp
US4879469A (en) * 1988-05-13 1989-11-07 University Of North Carolina Mixed media for kinestatic charge detectors
WO2003032364A1 (fr) * 2001-10-04 2003-04-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampe a vapeur de mercure a basse pression
US6583566B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2003-06-24 General Electric Company Low wattage fluorescent lamp having improved phosphor layer
US8421333B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2013-04-16 Osram Sylvania Inc. Energy saving gas discharge lamp including a xenon-based gaseous mixture

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2722694C2 (de) * 1977-05-18 1985-01-10 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München Quecksilberdampf-Niederdruckentladungslampe
NL185639C (nl) * 1980-10-29 1990-06-01 Philips Nv Lagedrukkwikdampontladingslamp.
GB2226444B (en) * 1988-12-22 1993-05-12 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Electrodeless discharge lamp

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1726107A (en) * 1924-04-01 1929-08-27 Philips Nv Electric discharge tube
US1929369A (en) * 1931-09-30 1933-10-03 Gen Electric Electrical discharge device
US2177710A (en) * 1938-04-22 1939-10-31 Gen Electric Fluorescent sign lamp
US2182732A (en) * 1926-12-10 1939-12-05 Gen Electric Metal vapor lamp
US2228327A (en) * 1929-05-04 1941-01-14 Hans J Spanner Discharge device
US2355258A (en) * 1941-05-13 1944-08-08 Sylvania Electric Prod Ultraviolet fluorescent lamp
US2363531A (en) * 1941-11-27 1944-11-28 Gen Electric Electric discharge device and electrode therefor
US2425697A (en) * 1944-03-02 1947-08-12 Gen Luminescent Corp Low-temperature luminescent lamp
US2473642A (en) * 1948-01-09 1949-06-21 Gen Electric Low-pressure electric discharge device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1977688A (en) * 1930-03-10 1934-10-23 Gen Scientific Corp Permanent color gaseous conduction tube

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1726107A (en) * 1924-04-01 1929-08-27 Philips Nv Electric discharge tube
US2182732A (en) * 1926-12-10 1939-12-05 Gen Electric Metal vapor lamp
US2228327A (en) * 1929-05-04 1941-01-14 Hans J Spanner Discharge device
US1929369A (en) * 1931-09-30 1933-10-03 Gen Electric Electrical discharge device
US2177710A (en) * 1938-04-22 1939-10-31 Gen Electric Fluorescent sign lamp
US2355258A (en) * 1941-05-13 1944-08-08 Sylvania Electric Prod Ultraviolet fluorescent lamp
US2363531A (en) * 1941-11-27 1944-11-28 Gen Electric Electric discharge device and electrode therefor
US2425697A (en) * 1944-03-02 1947-08-12 Gen Luminescent Corp Low-temperature luminescent lamp
US2473642A (en) * 1948-01-09 1949-06-21 Gen Electric Low-pressure electric discharge device

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3800187A (en) * 1971-04-28 1974-03-26 Multiblitz Mannesmann Gmbh Co Flash lighting arrangement
US4032814A (en) * 1974-08-19 1977-06-28 Duro-Test Corporation Fluorescent lamp with reduced wattage consumption
US4032813A (en) * 1974-08-19 1977-06-28 Duro-Test Corporation Fluorescent lamp with reduced wattage consumption having electrode shield with getter material
US4308650A (en) * 1979-12-28 1982-01-05 Gte Products Corporation Method of making a mercury dispenser, getter and shield assembly for a fluorescent lamp
US4879469A (en) * 1988-05-13 1989-11-07 University Of North Carolina Mixed media for kinestatic charge detectors
US6583566B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2003-06-24 General Electric Company Low wattage fluorescent lamp having improved phosphor layer
WO2003032364A1 (fr) * 2001-10-04 2003-04-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampe a vapeur de mercure a basse pression
US20030085655A1 (en) * 2001-10-04 2003-05-08 Van Der Pol Adrianus Johannes Hendricus Petrus Low-pressure mercury discharge lamp
US8421333B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2013-04-16 Osram Sylvania Inc. Energy saving gas discharge lamp including a xenon-based gaseous mixture
US8579670B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2013-11-12 Osram Sylvania Inc. Energy saving gas discharge lamp including a xenon-based gaseous mixture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1020704A (fr) 1953-02-10
BE496584A (fr)
NL153292B (nl)
ES193066A1 (es) 1951-07-01
GB673485A (en) 1952-06-04
DE905414C (de) 1954-03-01
NL78992C (fr)

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