US2676152A

US2676152A - Concentrated aqueous soap solution of low viscosity

Info

Publication number: US2676152A
Application number: US187348A
Authority: US
Inventors: Fortess Fred; Seth T Bowen
Original assignee: Celanese Corp
Current assignee: Celanese Corp
Priority date: 1950-09-28
Filing date: 1950-09-28
Publication date: 1954-04-20
Anticipated expiration: 1971-04-20
Also published as: GB697510A

Description

Patented Apr. 20, 1954 Fred Fortess, Summit, and Seth 'T. BowenfUliion, Celanese ,Corporation of iL, -assignors to America, New Jerk, N."Y.,

Delaware ;a corporation .or

Nd-"Drawing. Application 'Septembe-r 28, 11950, *Seiidl No. 181;?48

r ins-inventionrelates=to soap compositions -and relates =more particularly *soap compositions that will formhighly o'one'entrated aqueous solutions havingia lowwiscosity and to the highly concentrated aqueous solutions formed from said soap -compositions.

Concentrated 'aqueousrsoap'soluti'ons are useful as stock sohitionsior "the "'compounding'of baths containing a small proportion of soap, such as,'*for exampleiscourin'g b'aths'employedin the finishing of certain types of "textilefabrics, as well as for many other applications. However, when the quantity of soap in the concentrated aqueous solutions is raised to above about by weight, the solutions become extremely viscous and stringy particularly at room temperatures or lower. Frequently, the viscosity of these solutions rise to 5000 or more centipoises. As a result, the handling of these concentrated aqueous soap solutions entails many difiiculties which markedly reduce their usefulness.

It is an important object of this invention to provide novel soap compositions which will be free from the foregoing and other disadvantages andwhich will form highly concentrated aqueous solutions having a low viscosity.

A further object of this invention is to provide soap compositions containing a soap, a mineral oil and an emulsifying agent which will form highly concentrated aqueous solutions having a low viscosity.

Another object of this invention is to provide soap compositions containing a soap and an alkyl oleate which will form highly concentrated aqueous solutions having a low viscosity.

Other objects of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and claims.

We have discovered that the viscosity of concentrated aqueous soap solutions, containing more than about 15% by weight of soap, may be reduced to a minimum by the incorporation in said solutions of certain substances or mixtures of substances which function as viscosity depressants. Thus, in accordance with this invention, there is prepared a concentrated aqueous soap solution containing more than about 15% by weight, and preferably between about 15 and by weight, of soap, a mineral oil, preferably in amounts ranging from about 2 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the soap, and an emulsifying agent, preferably in amounts ranging from about 2 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the soap. When the soap employed 2 Claims. (013252- 132) and show a tendency to gel,

is an oleate such assodium. or, potassium .bleate, a similar reductionin viscosity mayibe obtained by adding .to theconcentrated aqueoussoap-solu'tion an alkyl oleate, wherein the alkylgroup contains from3to'10 carbon atoms,prferably' in an amount ranging from about 2 to10 "by w'eighthased'omthe"weightof Isoa'p. "The concentratedaqueous soap solutions preparedinthis manner exhibit-a viscosity of below 2' 1000 centipoises and frequently 'exhibita viscosity of "be low or e'venbiow 50centipoises sothatthey may behandled without difliculty.

Suitable emulsifying agents that may be employed" in preparing the concentrated aqueous soap solutions include, for example, the polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids such as lauric, oleic or stearic acids, sulfonated long chain petroleum hydrocarbons, sodium salt of mahogany acid, alkyl aryl sulfonates, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monooleate, diethylene glycol monolaurate, polyoxyethylene ethers, alkylated aryl poly-ether alcohols, sulfated fatty acid esters, and Turkey red oil. Although any mineral oil may be employed for preparing the concentrated aqueous soap solutions, it is preferred to employ for this purpose mineral oils having a viscosity of between about 40 and 100 Saybolt Universal units at 100 F.

The following examples are given to illustrate this invention further:

Example it To an; aqueous soap solution containing 20% by weight of sodium oleate and having a viscosity of 6240 centipoises at room temperature, there is added 5%; by Weight, based on the weight of the soap, of a mineral oil having a viscosity of 50 Saybolt Universal units at 100 F. and 5% by weight, based on the weight of the soap, of a polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid. After stirring for 10 minutes at C., the solution is cooled to room temperature. The solution formed exhibits a viscosity of only 46 centipoises.

Example II To an aqueous soap solution containing 20% by weight of sodium oleate and having a viscosity of 6240 centipoises at room temperature, there is added 7.0% by weight, based on the weight of the soap, of a mineral oil having a viscosity of 50 Saybolt Universal units at 100 F. and 3.0% by weight, based on the weight of the soap, of the sodium salt of sulfonated petroleum hydrocarbon, After stirring for 10 minutes at 110 C.,

3 the solution is cooled to room temperature. The solution formed exhibits a viscosity of only 18 centipoises.

Example III weight of the soap, of an alkyl oleate wherein the alkyl group contains from 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

2. A concentrated aqueous soap solution of low viscosity, comprising an aqueous solution of from about 15 to 25% by weight of an alkali metal oleate, selected from the-group consisting of sodium and potassium 'oleates, and from about 2 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the soap, of an alkyl oleate wherein the allqrl The solution prepared with n-octyl oleate in place of nbutyl oleate exhibits a viscosity of 38 centipoises.

It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merely by way of illustration and that many variations may be made therein without departing from the'spirit of our invention.

Having described our invention, what we desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A soap composition comprising a concentrated aqueous solution containing from about 15 to 25% by weight of a soap selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium'soa'ps and, as a viscosity reducing agent therefor','between about 2 to 10% by weight, based on the group contains from 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,449,240 Murphy Mar. 20, 1923 2,058,781 Ellis Oct. 27, 1936 2,989,305 Stickdorn Aug. 10. 1937 I v FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 18,632 Great Britain 1891 205,599 Great Britain Oct. 25, 1923 298,823 Great Britain Oct. 28, 1923 OTHER REFERENCES Modern Soap and Detergent Industry, Martin.

Modern Polishes and Specialties, John N. Y."

' (1947), page 299.

Claims

1. A SOAP COMPOSITION COMPRISING A CONCENTRATED AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 15 TO 25% BY WEIGHT OF A SOAP SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM SOAPS AND, AS A VISCOSITY REDUCING AGENT THEREFOR, BETWEEN ABOUT 2 TO 10% BY WEIGHT, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE SOAP, OF AN ALKYL OLEATE WHEREIN THE ALKYL GROUP CONTAINS FROM 3 TO 10 CARBON ATOMS.