US2575474A - Building structure - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet l N0 20, 1951 v. c. sHADGEN BUILDING STRUCTURE Filed sept. 1o, 1948 NOV- 2Q, 1951 v. c. SHADGEN BUILDING STRUCTURE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 10, 1948 INVENTOR VICTOR C. SHADGEN /al'ter Pumpre V. C. SHADGEN BUILDING STRUCTURE Nov. 20, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Sept. l0, 1948 F/G'. l2.

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l v/croR c. SHADGE/v such an` upward` now,l "the 'upper portion" of the Patented Nov. 20, y1951 muelas Stal;

viotor Citar-los shdgen,Now iti-lt N. Y.

APRlliiaoFSRt-en??? 10 sclitimsY (cust-1) 1.. ThisY invention relates 'to rnllllti-storiedA:build-`A` ing ,structures,I 'suitable for apartment; officie and otheusles. Y A; unit seqtionformsxthebasis of the invention and'lis employed throughoutwyariousassembliesin 5 thfereetion vof. buildin'sfoffdilerent types.

unit seotionlsuitable for ltl'lt''nurpose,is'fplfeferably in Athe "fo'll ofV a' multi-storied `'structure of, suitable dimensions' anfreetangular outline'n in 'ho'rizontal section. JBul'tfinto'the unit, yertifA 10 cfally disposed anlinfspadapart relation, there a'rifus'ectins of tollver's,- v'pjlsitioned yfor connection"v to'like tower sections of adjoining, units' to form wa11d:n.rerlf0ring @Weise txtridinafffm th ground upwarl to'or near tlie to'pA of tli'ebiiiloiiig. 15

In building assernbli'snlulti-llnit tiers are em"- ployod inlrsiiporimpfzse'd relation, with the 'units oi eaeh tierspaeed apartfor thefadmission of'jair, light and sunshine,"'andfextend'horizontally at right anglesz'lengthwise,` to the units ofafijoini` 20 ing, tiers, Ato v(grossi-tie andreinforoe'the salne."`

"Aside from the 'structuraladVantagesQ themainI object in the assembly ofthe buildingQisto 'give' and around all apartments, on'ces andy other' s'abe in the building. Y

To fmeet this.Y requirement, the unit sections that make up the "building areso'relatively'bsi' tioneda'd spacedapartlia's' t'provide'assargffor 30 aA free now of air'ronl 'tll ef'r'l'l'rlti'lti/lervl.-i1:' `llvar'd`A through the buildin'g'to' andftlllgli vthe Vtf thereof, which is"`ffo`pen-cristruotionl` As an aid in 'strengtheningand maintaining building provides through cross' passgesth'ttt o'pen onits foursids'to thelouterair and crossn currents ofA air throughthefpassages act in th well known manner, toincluce an vupwardflow' through the buildingeven when there'i's n'o ap- 40 preciable movement. of the outside air at. thelower levels. l

A further object-is t0 position andspace fthe. unit sections of i the building `vwidely apart-landwirt, such relation, thatione' doesnotobstruct light;t`o. an adjoining or adjacent section,` the arranger ment being suchv that light is admitted-during daylight hours to all interior parts of--fthe buildlng.

For this purpose, the horizontal cross `sectional area of'. the sloaoes senaratingn the unitseetions'is' made substantially equal to or smaller than'v'th corresponding areal ofi the ysections and througl'i triopen spaces thuspro'vidd,'daylighti'is admitted.

Siiiiialoieit-5t;

ressa. t0 .the` east. t0 @mina Sufi and iiiid'liaf "il oiaily'irieiitioiid above; willrbe 'briigiitito 'att tiofi iiifthe uotaileifdsoriptiori that'rollows. ni tlie'ao'ooriipaiiyifig drawings; Iriavosliottnaf building iooiistiiiotion' suitable rn oarryin'gf the? iiiveritioii 'into eifeotmloiit Tit*r isf to'loeunderstooq tliatiioliinitatios'afeiiitiidetlfby thissliowiig" abvar Figs. 12, 13 and 14 are respectively side, end and top plan views of a larger building of a somewhat diiferent type. A

Referring now to the drawings, I have shown my invention embodied in buildings of the mulexample, buildings of a height of only ten stories,

may be the rule.

As designed, the buildings shown are intended to occupy the greater portion of oneor-more city blocks, which, ordinarily,l measure approximately two hundred feet` in width by four hundred feet in length, and are based on suitable foundations, not shown, fifty feet, more or less, below the vground level, to provide basement space, indicated by dotted lines, and floor levels therein in suicient number and area to accommodate all necessary machinery and appliances for various purposes, such as lighting, heating, operating of express, local and service elevators, etc.k f

As the scale on which the drawings are made is reduced roughly to about one sixteenth of an inch to equal ten feet, it was impossible to indicate floor levels, windows, division of floor space into apartments, oilices and other interior details, but as all such will follow conventional plans, a showing of the same is not considered necessary.

In the erection of the hereinafter described buildings, unit sections I, similar to that shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, are employed throughout the several assemblies and, as previously stated, form the basis or the present invention.

The unit is preferably in the form of a multistoried structure of suitable dimensions and rectangular outline in horizontal section. Built into the unit, vertically disposed and, in spaced apart relation, there are tower sections 2, 2, positioned for connection to like tower sections of adjoining units, to form walled-in reinforcing towers, extending from the ground upward to or near the top of the building.

. yIn the following description of the illustrative embodiments of my invention, I shall use the expression ground-based sections in referring to,l the multi-storied unit sections indicated at 3, 3, vthroughout thev drawings and the expression extensions of the ground-based sections in referring to the unit sections, indicated at 4, 4, that are supported in separated relation, at a height above the sections 3, 3. For reference to the cross unit sections, indicated at 5, 5, that are based on and extend horizontally across, at right angles to the multi-storied ground sections, the term bridging units will be `used and to the cross unit sections at the top of the building, indicated at 6, 6, the expression upper extensions of the bridging units will be applied. It will be understood that the dimensions given herein are approximate only and may be varied considerably if found desirable.

In addition to providing a base for the walls of the building, the foundation is extended to support steel-reinforced concrete or other construction of built-in towers, indicated at 1, 1, whichextend from the foundation upward to the top of the building. At the base, the towers are preferably square and measure fifty feet or more "use as a hospital.

on a side. Excepting the showing in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, they are erected at each corner of the building, as shown, and as they are widely separated on the longer sides of the building, additional towers of the same dimensions, indicated at 8, 8, are equi-spaced between them, making a double row, with four to six built-in towers in each row. For the comparatively small building shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, only four towers are employed, as shown, at thecorners of the structure that rises -above the ground-based sections.

The last mentioned building is designed for Below the ground level, there is the usual excavation for a basement 9, indicated in dotted lines, and over the basement, positioned in parallel relation, twin ground-based sections 3, 3 rise five stories above the ground. The sections 3, 3 are spaced apart a distance of 100 feet, more or less, to provide a passage between them to their full height, as indicated at I0, that opens at opposite ends to the outer air. If additional space is found desirable in the ground sections', they may be extended fifty or sixty feet at opposite ends, as indicated at II.

Based on the ground sections and extending at right angles across the space IU, that separates them, there are twin bridging sections 5, 5 of live stories. The bridging sections are arranged in parallel relation and spaced apart feet or less, to provide a central passage I2 open at opposite ends to the outer air for cross currents that act to induce an upward flow of air from the ground level, through the space separating the ground-based sections.

Based on the bridging sections and rising rive stories above them, there are twin unit sections 4, 4 which, for identification, will be termed upper extensions of the ground sections, as they have the same outline formation and dimensions in horizontal section and are vertically aligned with the ground sections. The extensions 4, 4 are spaced apart to provide a cross passage I3 between them that opens at opposite ends to the outer air and forms a continuation of the central upward air passage or shaft through the building.

Above the extensions 4, 4 and based on the same, twin unit sections 6, Ii of five stories, rise to form the open top of the building. For identication, they will be termed upper extensions of the bridging sections, as they duplicate the same in all respects, having the same outline and dimensions in horizontal section and being positioned in vertical alignment with the sections 5, 5. The extensions are spaced apart in the same manner and to the same extent as the bridgingY sections, which spacing provides a cross passage I4 that opens at opposite ends to the outer air and continues the central air-shaft upward to' and through the top of the building.

As the towers 1, which rise from the foundation at the lower -loor level of the basement and extend upward to the top of the building, have been described above as positioned at the four corners of the building that rises above the ground-basedsections, it will not be necessary to go into f urther detail in reference to them.

In the assembly described, the widely separated ground-based sections provide a space between them to their full height; that opens at opposite ends to the outer air and this, plus the central air-shaft of generous proportions, insures a continuous natural flow of air from the ground level, upward to and through the open top of the building. v

spaced apart,` as indicatedat' liniparallelire-f l5V latioma distance of sixtyvfeet.N A-san'additionalJ strengthening* reinforcement,` suitable horizontallyspaced'apart bridging formations, indicated at :ji 1'," aregprovided *atdifferentheigghts that "extendacross from-section tosection Vbetweenopf 201 pp sitetowers and'tie the same together, The bridging ,formations l'lyin verticalcross section, maybe square or rectangularvand, astheymeasuretenor more feet'on a side, maycbe utilized' as .passageways between the sections and.v for '"4 other purposes. Windows (not shown); in the inner and outer side and endwalls ofeach section, atthedifferent'oor levels, provide for ad` mission oflight, sunshine andthe free circulationof 'fresh air inthe various apartments,v offices 30` and the. liker therein.

Based on the ground sections and rising fifteen floor. levels., above thesame, there are four spaced apart cross `units E'thatextend at right angles to thezground sections and 'bridge the space from 35* tower to ,tower between them. In horizontal' crosssection and allowing for. thesetbacks indicatedat I8; requiredto meet building regulations of various cities, the ,bridging units each measure about sixty by one hundredand seventy 40':

feet and thewidthrof thespaces. I9; separating them isV fortyl odd'feet,Y which provides ample space to insure an-upward ow of air, induced, whennecessary, by the cross currents between the f bridging and higher positioned units. Cross .for. 45"' mations, indicatedat 2li, similar to'those abovedescribed in connection Vwith the ground sections, maybeprovided to tie the bridging unitstogether fctl'lln tower to 4,tower as. shown. Windows (not shown) intheoppositeside and end walls of- 50"" bridging units, admit light, sunshineand a con.

stantsupplyvof fresh air to the apartments of offices within the units.

BasedY onrthebridging units and rising seven iioorlevelsabove thesame, there `are twinelevatedfeX-tensions 4,., fof the-ground-hased sections.` The extensions 4, 4 arevertically aligned inset-back` relation with the outer walls otthe bridging-units and have the same horizontal-cross sectional form and the same dimensions, less the set-back.,l as the ground sections and are, in ef,- feet.;continuationsof the same, supportedat` a. height labove f the ground sections, withthe same space, indicatedfatilz separating themv It? 'fill be apparent that windows (not shown)` in thefop- 6575 posite sideand; end walls of the extensions A, e will-admit; anzabundancerof light, sunshine and; aiconstantnsupply of fresh air.r

Based. at;i right angles; on the extensions d, t. andrising. three floor levelsabove the saine7 there is a second series of spaced apart bridging units 6,5; whichv formathe open top ofthe building. The 'units-1t.;- 5. are vertically aligned with and have the.` samef horizontal crosssectional-form 75groundf-basedfsectionsta.

andi dimensions-fasfthe-main bridging units previously-described,- at the-lowerlevel."

Constructed-ias descri bed,' the bui ldingisopen-4 from-end -to-endto the-full height oftheeground-l based sections for an upwardfflow of air between4 thesame and abovethe vground sections y3, 3; a wide4 openpassage or air-shaft is-provided foral continuanceeof the air -ow toand through-the f open 'top-v ofgthe building;

In providing through cross `*passages totheouter air on four sides ofthe upper portieri ofthe f building,,thecrosscurrents'of air through the passages aid' materially in maintaining I a strong;

upward now *otv air between the ground sections and, undercertainlweather conditions, aspreviously` stated, are 'instrumental in inducingand y maintaining such an upward flow when there isf Very'little movementoff'the outerair at. lower levels, thus insuring a continuous supply of fresh air. to all apartments or ofces in the building.

Assuming an apartmentto be planned ywithma central hallY running Yhorizontally lengthwise oi any section of the building androoms on each side of the hall opening into the same and-'extending to the outer walls; to clear the air andA get a circulation through the apartment, it would" only be necessary to open the hall doors and the windows in the opposite outer walls fora comparatively short time-a few minutes at the most.

As to light and sunshine, there would be ample light throughout the day in all apartments in the building, as the sections that make upl the building are spaced sorfar apart, one section cannot obstruct or block light to an adjoining or adjacent section. As previously stated, thel building would be preferably so situated-that'the morning sun would shine on the outer windowed side of one ground-based section and more or lesson the inner windowed siderof: the opposite section, and the afternoonsun would shine-om the outer windowed sideof theopposite section andA more or.v less. onthe inner windowed side of the first mentioned section. Above theground-L' based sections, theopen spacing of the upper-.- sections and theircross .arrangement will -insuref sunshine( throughout the-day in all apartments in theupper portion of the building.

The building shownin Figs. l2', 13 and 14, dif` fers1from the` buildings above described, in the` following respects.

Instead of twin ground-based sections, as inthe other buildings, an series of such sections, indicated at 3%' are. arranged side by side, in spaced apart parallel relation, with their shorter sidesVv andthe spaces between them, combining to form thelonger side of the building.

As shown, the sections 3a rise thirty-two stories-Y above the-ground level and, in horizontal-cross section, measure approximately lsixty by two hundredfeet, with anopen-space of forty feetbe'- tween adjoining sections.

Based on anderisingsixteen stories above,the sections-3a, twin spaced apart cross sections 5%;

extend horizontaux/'lengthwise at right angles to the,` same and their outer side andv end walls are. vertically aligned= respectively with the endjA and,"

side walls ofthe ground-based sections or, iff' necessary, they-may be'relatively positionedjto provide a set-back; to vmeet building regulations.; Risingeight stories'faboye and based on the twin-` cross/sectionsg; there is va second; ser ies off sect-ions 45; that arevertically alignedgwithA andH excepting-1their` reducedheight, duplicate in all respects; including their relative spacing,' the;`

Forming the open top of the building and rising four stories above the sections 4a, there are twin cross sections 6e, that duplicate in all respects, excepting their height, the cross sections at the lower level.

Comparing the two buildings shown in Figs. 7 to 11 and Figs. 12 to 14, it will be seen that there are the same number of multi-unit tiers in both and the differences between them are mainly that the tiers have been differently positioned or transposed in the assemblies and varied in height. The open spacing for the admission of air, light and sunshine, while ample in both buildings, is doubtless greater in the larger building-the one last described-but both are open from the interior to the outer air to the full height of the ground-based sections and above that, by continuing passages, on all four sides of the building.

As the construction and many important resulting advantages will be apparent from the foregoing, it will not be necessary to describe the same at greater length.

I claim:

1. An assembly of unit sections superimposed in multiple unit tiers to form a multi-storied building, the unit sections of each tier being positioned in spaced apart parallel relation and at' right angles to the unit sections of adjoining tiers, each unit section comprising a multi-storied walled-in structure of suitable dimensions and approximately rectangular outline in horizontal section, the said structure having spaced apart vertically disposed tower sections built in the unit and positioned for connection to like tower sections of adjoining units to form walled-in reinforcing towers extending from the ground upward to the top of the building.

2. In a multi-storied building structure, spaced apart'multi-storied ground-based sections and multi-storied extensions thereof positioned in separated relation to the same and supported at a height above the ground-based sections, a plurality of multi-storied spaced apart bridging units that extend horizontally at right angles to and are interposed between the ground-based sections and their extensions, the saidl plurality of units being based on and bridging the space separating the ground-based sections and serving as supports for the extensions thereof and a second plurality of multi-storied bridging units that form the top of the building and are spaced apart to open the top to the outer air, the said second plurality of units being based on and bridging the space separating the extensions of the ground-based sections to tie the same together.

3. In a multi-storied building structure, twin spaced apart multi-storied ground-based sections andl multi-storied extensions thereof positioned in separated relation to the same and supported at a height above in approximate vertical alignment with the ground-based sections, both the ground-based sections and their extensions having substantially the same horizontal cross sectional form and dimensions, a plurality of multistoried spaced apart bridging units that extend horizontally at right angles to the ground-based sections and their extensions and are based on and bridge the space separating the ground-based sections to tie the sections together and serve as supports for the extensions thereof, and a second plurality of multi-storied bridging units spaced apart to open the top of the building to the outer air and based on and bridging the space separating the extensions of the groundbased sections to tie the same together, the second plurality of bridging units being vertically aligned with and having the same horizontal cross sectional form and dimensions as those rst mentioned.

4. In a multi-storied building, multi-storied structures spaced apart in parallel relation and divided horizontally to form ground-based sections and elevated extensions thereof, and means supporting said elevated extensions at a height above and vertically aligned with the groundbased sections comprising two series of multistoried bridging sections that extend horizontally at right angles thereto, one series across the space separating the ground-based sections and supported by said sections and-the other series across the space separating the elevated extensions and supported by the extensions thereof.

5. In a multi-storied building structure, twin ground-based sections arranged in separated relation with their adjoining sides parallel, the said sections rising equally in multiple stories to a suitable height to provide oce, apartment, storage and other space, a series of spaced apart multi-storied units based on and rising above the aforesaid ground-based sections and extending at right angles thereto to bridge the space between the same, multi-storied extensions of the ground-based sectionspositioned between the aforesaid bridging units and a hereinafter specied formation at the top of the building, the said extensions being similarly spaced apart, aligned with and having substantially the same horizontal cross sectional form and dimensions as the ground-based sections, and a series of multistoried top units which arevertically aligned with and duplicate the aforesaid bridging units in all respects excepting ,their height which is reduced to provide a smaller number of stories at the top of the building.

6. In a multi-storied building structure, a series of spaced apart ground-based towers extending upward to the top of the building and arranged in separated parallel rows, each row of towers being walled in from their base upward to less than their full height to form multi-storied ground-based sections for use as oiiices, apartments, storage and the like, multi-storied units based on and rising above the ground-based sections that extend across and bridge the space between opposite towers in the rows, multi-storied extensions of the ground-based sections based on and extending along opposite end portions of the aforesaid bridging units and walled in to include the projecting towers, the said multistoried extensions rising above the bridging' units and being similarly spaced apart, vertically aligned with and having substantially the same horizontal cross-sectional form and dimensions as the ground-based sections, and bridging units that form the top of the building and duplicate the first mentioned bridging units in all respects i excepting their height which is reduced to provide a smaller number of stories at the top of the building.

'7. A multi-storied building structure, as defined in claim 6, in which the towers are based below the ground level to permit excavation and walling in the space between the towers and their separated formation in rows for use as a basement.

8. A multi-storied building structure, as defined in claim 6, in which the lower portion of opposite towers in the two rows walled in by the 10 f ground-based sections are tied together by bridg- UNITED STATES PATENTS ing formations at diierent heights that extend Number Name Date across the intervening space between the sections. 1,362,069 Witzel Dec 14 1920 VICTOR CHARLES SHADGEN 2,168,725 Whelan Aug, 3, 1939 REFERENCES CITED FOREIGN PATENTS The following references are of record in the Number COuntry Date le of this patent:

641,236 France July 30, 1928

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