US257069A - Governor for steam-engines - Google Patents

Description

(Ho'Model.)

= i OEEZNOE.

GOVEENOE EOE STEAM ENGINES. No. 257,069. ""Illllll" Patented Apr.25,1882.V

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d UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE REZNOR, OF MERCER, PENNSYLVANIA.

GOVERNOR FORv STEAM-ENGINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent-No. 257,069, dated April 25, 1882.

I Application filed September 3, 1881. (No model.) i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE REZNOR, of Mercer, in thecounty of Mercer and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Governors for Steam-Engines; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of' thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specitcation,.in which the ligure represents a central vertical section of the steam-'chest ot' a reci procating engine with my improved governor secured thereto.

Myinvention relates to improvements in govcrnors for steam-engines 5 and it consists in an ordinary double-seated valve, the stem of which is extended somewhat belowv said-valves, and is .provided with a piston near its lower end, the lower part of the shell or outer body beingshaped in a cylindrical form 'around said piston, the space between them being` ample for a free passage of steam, thelower` opening in said body being immediately attached to the valvechamber of any reciprocatingengine, as shown in the accompanying drawing, whereby useful and novel results never heretofore fully accomplished are obtained, as will be hereinafter more fully explained.

In the accompanying drawing, A represents the outer shell or body.

B is a hollow inward projection of the body,

in which are two circular openings, C C, of`

equal diameter.

D D represent two circular valves having nearly the same diameter as `C C.

E is a stem connecting valves D D, and-cxtending somewhat below, to which extension is attached a piston, F, of circularv form, and.

on the lower end of stem vE a shoulder, X, is formed, that part of the stem passingthrough the guide-bar E being smaller than that above,

forming a stop to prevent the valves D D from` passing below the openings.. C C.

G is a continuation ofthe outer shell, A, of cylindrical form. f

H is a guide-bar for valvesten1 E.

I is a continuation of the valve-stem E, securedv by ball or other loose joint at K, having an eye in its upper end, and extending upward` through a central orifice in the yplug N Mis a uut threaded centrally into the upper end ofplug N, having a central oritce, through which stem I passes loosely.

L is a cylindrical washer, with a central oritice ground steam-tight around the stem I, also havingits upper t'ace ground, forming a steamjoiut with the lower face ot' nut M.

Nis a plug threaded into the upper` part of the shell A. I

O O are-standards secured to the plug N.

P is a cross-bar connecting standards 0 O, havinga central hub, Q, extending upward, through which set-screw R, with an eye in its lower-end, is threaded.

S is a lock-nut, through which vset-screw R is threaded.

l is a coiled spring, attached at its lower end tostem I and at its upper end to set-screw B.

U is the opening for steam service.

V is the steam-outlet, being attached directly to an opening in the valve-chamber ot` an engine.

W W Wis a space sufficient for the freepassage of steam between the shell A and the inward hollow projection, B, surrounding theprojection B on all sides, except toward the opening U, and opening directly into the cylinder G.

The voperation of my improved governor 1s as follows: Steam is admitted at U by means.

of the ordinary service-pipe, having connected with it a common stop cock at any convenient W -W W, the cylinder around the piston F, and t' the 4valve-chamber of the engine. ports leading from the valve-chamber into the cylinder oftheenginebeingnow open, steam enters the cylinderbehind the piston and drives One of the it forward, which movement causes a rapid currentot' steam through the cylinder G, car-- ryin g the piston Fdownward byits momentum, andclosing the valves D D. y The closing of the valves D D, and also the-closing of the cylinder-port of the engine, stops thegrush of steam through the cylinder G, and consequently I relieves the piston F. The spring T, assisted by the pressure of the steam on the lower end of the valve-stem, again opens the valves'D D instantly, the length of time or the extent of theopening(since the engine is now in motion) being controlled by the movement of the engine-piston. As soon as enough steam has passed the valvesD D to move the piston at a given speed it will again have closed the valves, as before, which operation is repeated at every stroke. The functions of nut M and cylindrical washer L are to form a stuffing-box ol steam-joint around stem I. The nut M being secured into the plug N steam-tight, a chamber is formed below said nut somewhat larger than the washer L, so that the washer will not be connned laterally, but will coliform to the direction of the stern I, thus forming a steam-tight stuffing-box around the stem having but little friction, and hence the governor is not affected, as is usual with the ordinary stuffing-box.

The operation of the governor under varying supply or boiler-pressure, and with varying force or power required of the engine, is as follows: First, the varying of pressure at U,

or the rising and falling of boiler-pressure,

as commonly expressed, has no effect upon the governor or the motion of the engine, for the following reasons: Valves D D, being of exactly the same size, present an equal amount of surface to both upward and downward pressure, and consequently it is perfectly balanced,

' so far as affected by the steam, before passing the valves D D. Consequently it has no effect, as above stated, unless the pressure of steam or boiler-pressure should. fall below that required to drive the engine at the usual speed; but itv mayrise to the limit of the strength of the generator without affecting the motion of theengine. Second, the varying of4 the load upon the engine affects the governor as follows: For instance, the engi-neis running light,

' or without load, and a belt is suddenly shifted onto some machinery requiring more or less additional power to run it and the engine at the same rate of speed. Instantly that check or additional resistance is felt upon the-piston of the engine, having a tendency to check its motion, and thus increasing the pressure of steam behind it, which is instantly communicated back through the ports of the cylinder to the governor, increasing the upward pressf' ure upon the area of the stem I and lifting the valves higher than before,immediately and exactly supplying the necessary volume of steam to keep the engine at the usual speed. Again, suppose the belt to be suddenly or otherwise thrown off. The result is an instantaneous relief or falling of the pressure driving the engine-piston, caused by the attempt of the piston to spring away from the heavy force behind it; but this falling of pressure is also instantly communicated through the ports and valve-chamber to the governor, causing an instant decrease of pressure on the area of the stem I, which,in conjunction with the attempted rush of steam upon the piston F, caused by the steam attempting to follow the engine-piston as it attempts to spring away, instantly lowers the valves D D, and the engine is held at its usual speed.

High and low or varying boiler-pressure, so called, has no eect upon the governor, so far as the volume of steam passing through the valves is concerned; but, as a result of high pressure, the upward stroke of the valves D D is short, and the reverse with low pressure, for the following reasons, which have been hereinbefore partially set forth: The liftingpower of the steam, after passing the valves D D,beinglimited and controlled bythe spring T andthe motion of the engine-piston,it therefore follows that when valves D D have opened and passed sufficientsteam to produce the hereinbefore-stated limited result they will immediately be closed by the effect of the steam on the piston F in passing.

The advantages of this construction are- First. The motion of the engineis fully coutrolled and regulated, regardless of the rise and fall of so-called boiler-pressure.

Second. The varying of the load upon the engine does not change the speed, being controlled by the steam, and not by the motion of the en gine. v

Third. It can be quickly and easily adj usted to any desired speed while the engine is in motion, controlling the engine eqnallywell at any point between high and low speed. Fourth. It is extremely simple, durable, and cheap.

I claim as my inventionl. The combination, with a reciprocating steam-en gine and a valve-chamber, A, provided with the interior chamber, B, having valveseats C, and connected with the steam-chest and boiler of said engine, of a valve-stem, E,

provided with double valves D, and a piston, v'

F, with a wide intervening space between said piston and the inner wall ot' the valve-chamber, whereby whenthe steam is admitted into the cylinder of the engine the double valves will be closed by the momentum of the steam upon the piston, substantially as described. Y 2. The combination, with a reciprocating steam-engine and a valve-chamber, A, provided with valve-seats C, and connected with' the steam-chest and boiler of said engine,'of the valve-stem E,havin g the stem I projecting into the atmosphere, and provided with the doublejvalves D, and a piston, F, with an intervening space between said piston and the inner wall of the valve-chamber, and spring T, L

whereb when the steam is admitted into the cylinder of the engine the double valves will f be closed by the momentum of the steam upon the piston, and when the steam is cut 0E from the cylinder the valves will be opened by the spring, substantially as described.

3.1The combination, with a 'reciprocating steam-engine and a valve-chamber,'A, connected with the steanloliest and boiler of said nut M, and reciprocating washer L,cl1ambered :o engine, of the valve-seats C C, valve-stem E, into plugN, and having its upper face ground provided with the valves D D, and piston F, to form a. steam-tigbtjoint with the lower face stem I, set-screw R, and spring T, secured at of the nut M, substantially as described, and its lower end to the upper end of the stem I, for the purpose set forth.

and attached at its upper end tothe lower end GEORGE REZNOR. of the setscrew, substantially as described, Witnesses: and for the purpose set forth. SOLON C. KEMON,

4. The combination of the stem I, plug N, GHAS. A. PETTIT.

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