US254125A - Steam-engine - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

E. G.. FRYKBER-G.

y STEAM ENGINE. y 10.254.125 Patented Eeb.28,1882.

To all whom it may concern steam-engines; and it consists in an improved ily-wheel; Ii, the crank-shaft bearings; G, the

NITED STATES 'PAri-:Nfr Onere-tm? 1' ERIK GUSTAF FRYKBERG, OE NEWAIt-K, NEW JERSEY.

STEAM-ENGIN E.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 254,125, dated February 28, i882.

Application tiled October 1, 1881. (No model.) Y i l l I Be it known that I, Enix GUsrAF FRYK- BERG, a subject of the King of Sweden, residing in the city of Newark, county Vof Essex, and State ot New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inv Steam- Engines, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawing, forming a part ofthe same..

Mylinvention relates to an improvement in apparatus for saving heat and water by rctaining the uncondensed steam yin the cylinder oriits passages after each stroke, and returning the water of condensation to the boiler by means of a force-pump.

In the drawing annexed there is represented a steam-en gine constructed with my improvements, A being the steam-cylinder; B, the bed; C, the crank-shaft; D, the crank; E, the

connecting-rod; H, the slides; I, the pistonrod; J,'the cross-head; K; the piston; Ii," the steam-chest; M, the condensed-water pump; N, the boiler; O, the boiler-feed pump; 'P,the' eccentric on shaft C, for operating the saine; It, the eccentric for operatin g the steam slidevalve and the pump M, and S a stopcoclg'in steam-pipe T, connecting the boiler N to'f-the chest L.

t o are the steam-ports leading from the ends of the cylinder to the valve-seat in chest L. b is the valve, ot` any suitable construction, adapted to cut off the steam at a desired point. c is the exhaust-passage in the valve-seat.

d is the valve-rod, and e its connection with eccentric R.

The pumps M and O are provided with suitable valve-chambers, f, and delivery-pipes to the boiler, provided, it' required, with checkvalves g. The pump O is supplied with water from any source by pipe h, and the condensedwater pump M is connected by pipe t' with the exhaust-passage c, or to separate openings, Q, at each end of the cylinder A by pipes V V.

U is the rod connecting pump O with its eccentric.

The operation of my engine is based upon the facts that when steam is performing work in a steam-engine the heat contained therein is convertedinto power,causing a corresponding decrease of pressure of such steam. Gonsequently it requires a less amount of power to compress the steam to its original pressure after working expnnsively in a steam-cylinder than it exerted during the performance of such work; and if a certain amount ot' steam is admitted into a steam-en gine cylinder from which neither heat nor steam can escape, and work is applied to the piston, causing a compression ofthe steam into a smaller volume, thereby increasing its pressure, such work is stored upand available, as it would be itused in bend-i` ing a steel spring. My method, thereforc,of saving the latent heat in the steam operating a steam-,engine is to operate the same'to any degree of expansion-say four times-and Yto form the space or clearance in the ends ofthe cylinder or its passages of sufficient capacity to contain the steam after compressionv by the4 reverse movement of the piston after the expansion of such steam. With such construction I permit no exhausting'of the steainafter each stroke, but withdraw the condensed steam or water by a pump, M, and force the Asame into the boiler or steam-generator, supplying the loss of steam so condensed at each stroke by live steam from the boiler.

The action of the steam during one stroke 'of myengine will be best understood byassuming an engine of certain proportions operating' under a given pressure, It is obvious that the back-pressure upon the piston must increase up to the vend of the stroke in an engine having no exhaust, while the operative pressure upon the piston must decrease in a cylinder using steam expansively. The movement of the piston must therefore be maintained either byca ily-wheel or its equivalent` absorbing the power exerted by the engine. The power given ont by the steam is thereby distributed throughout the stroke, as required to maintain the operation continuously. I will suppose that into a c) linder ot' four cubic feet capacity one cubic i'oot of steam is admitted by a cut-off valve operating to close the induction-port at one-quarter stroke, the steam being introduced at sixty pounds pressure and expanded during the remainder of the stroke. Under such conditions it will be found that the cubic foot of roo steam will lose a certain part of its weight during the performance of the work, that portion being converted into water; and that if compressed in the cylinder, by the return of the piston, to its initial pressure of sixty pounds,it will retain only a part of its original weight. The steam converted into water may be readily withdrawn by a pump and returned to the generator N. The steam and water remaining contain the heat not converted into work, and by my method of operation such heatis utilized by pumping the condensed water back to the boiler directly from the cylinder or its pas sages, all the heat contained therein being preserved from loss, excepting such as may be dissipatedby absorption and radiation from the conducting-pipes.

By constructing the cylinder with a clearance of certain capacity the steam used may be compressed by the piston to the desired density before thc steam-ports are opened to admit a fresh supply at the beginning ot' each stroke.

To move the piston under the back-pressure a portion ot' the power stored in thc lily-wheel in the earlier part of the stroke would need to be expended; but the reaction ot' the same steam in its second expansion would again operate ecicntly in starting the piston upon its advance movement, and the available force for driving the engine would be that due tothe consumption of the steam condensed into water.

From the above it is obvious that it requires an engine of larger size to develop a given power than engines now in use; butsuch increase of size and consequent cost of the engine is considerably more than repaid by diminution of the boiler or steam-generator, while the saving secured by my modev of operation is permanent and constant in its benefit, and

practically amounts to the saving of all theheat in the steam retained in the cylindeigbesides preventing the loss of a large amount of; water. Ask this saving results from my im,-l proved method of operating the engine-,the method described can be employed in any suit able enginebyshortening the strokeot' the pis, ton, or supplying new heads chambered out to afford thc necessary space to avoid compressing the steam above the boiler-pressure.

The addition ot' a small pump to return the condensed water to the generator, and the application of a valve adapted to operate the steam expansively, would then fit the engine fornse by -my method, the exhaust passage or outlet being permanently closed.

A feed-pump, as at O in the drawing, would ofcourse be required to supply the loss of steam or water by leakage, die., as in otherengines, and all the precautions taken which can be employed-to prevent the loss of heat by radiation.

My invention is only applicable to engines using steam expansively, for the reason, that when the steam is taken into the cylinder' duringthe wholeof the stroke thereis no such *diminution -ot' bulk ortemperature possible as .I have described, becauseof they open communication between the cylinder and the boiler,,the latter supplying the lossofheatas rapidly asit is Aconverted into w.ork,and thecylinder at the close of the stroke containingsteam .of nudi. minished temperature.

Having ,thus fully described my invention, I claimvk asfollows:

Thecombination of asteam-cylinder ofsutif cient clearance, supplied with avalve mechanf4 isnrfor operatingy the. stcamcxpansively, in, duction-ports for the admission of live steam, to thel cylinder, and passagesfor the vescape of water ,of condensation from the cylindemand;

-apump connected with such water-passages,

suitably connected and operated to return s iuehl waterto the steam-generator, substantially as and for thc purpose set forth.

In testimonywliereot I have hereunto setl my, hand in rthe presence ot' two subscribingwitmesses.

E. G. FRYKBERG. Witnesses:

Taos. vS. CRANE, W. F.- D. CRANE.

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