US253654A - Apparatus for reducing wood and other material to pulp for paper - Google Patents

Description

(No Model) l s. M. ALLEN. AZPARATU'S F03 REDUUING WGOB AND GTHER MATERIAL T0 PULPPOR PAPER.

No. 253.654. lPatented Peb. 14,1882.

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UNrTED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

sfrErnEn M. ALLEE, orv penetrar, MassAcHUsE'rTs.

APPARATUS roe etnucme woon AND oTHEaMAtERiAL Tov PULP'Fos PAPER.

srnormonfrron iromans-1,aan; er rettete Patent no. 253,654, dats February 14, lesa.'

` ,application iiled August 1;?, v1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern r Be it known that I, STEPHEN M. ALLEN, of Duxbury, in the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for lzliedncing `Wood andother Material to Pulp for Paper, which improvement is fully set forth in the following speciiication.

In the reduction of wood to pulp the object sought is to separate tllebers from each other without making` them too short to felt. The ordinary beating-engine and improvements thereon, with knives for disiutegrating the fibrous material, although well' adapted for making paperpulp from rags, are not success@ ful when applied to the pulpingofwood. The or- -din ary sten e grinders roll the stock rntherthan crush it, and produce Woodflonr rather than fiber capable of felting, and so do many other machines. ln the presentinvention the length ofberis preserved by jamming or crushing the wood into proper condition between` broadfaced bars in contradistlnction to knife-blades heretofore used in machines for making` pulp from rags, the two sets of bars being arranged so that theycross eachotherand actto crush or jam the fibrous material, as aforesaid, instead oifrolling it over and over between there.` The same arran gementis common with huile-blades and also with the furrows or grooves in stones; but it is obvious that the peculiar eft'ect of the broad-faced bars in crushing` the brous inaterial is not obtained in such machines. The

b ars may be placed on two plates yor upon a abrading material are placed between the bars.

These blocks can also be used with advantage in connection with knife-blades or other metal ribs or surfaces, instead of thc wooden blocks vventon includes the combination of heretofore employed, and this part of the instone blocks or filling-pieces with blades or metal ribs or surfaces generally, as well as with broad-faced bars.

The accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification,'illustrate a reducing or polping engine constructed in accordance with the invention, Figure l being acentral vertical section; Fig. 2, a plan ofthe bottom pla-tes; Fig. 3, a bottom view of a top plate; Fig. 4, a plan of the saine; and Figs. 5

`and 6, detail views, showing theconnection of the top plates with the driving-shaft.

The casing A is supported upon the bedl'rame B and contains the reducing or pulping mechanism. The casing,"as shown, is formed tapering with a` series of nve internal eoncentric shoulders or ledges for supporting the bottoni plates, (l, which rest on said ledges and are fastened by bolts or in any other suitable way.

ln the center ofthe casing is the shaft D. lt passes through central openings in the bot tuin plates, (l, and its lower end, after passing through astuing-box in the bottom of the casing, is supported in an adjustable step,E. The step is supported by a knife-edge resting on the lever F, which is suspended from the frame at opposite ends by rods G, jointed to the lever and adjustable in the frame by a screwthread and nut.v 'The upper end of the shaft turns in a bearing at the top of the4 casing and carries a belt-pulley, by which it is revolved.

The top plates, H, are connected with the sha-ft and revolve with it. For convenience of illustration only two top and two bottom plates areshown in Fig. 1, the three intermediate pairs being omitted. At the upper end of the casing is the inlet I, and at the bottom tbe`outlet K. The latter is a spout made of flexible material or connected with the casin g with a loose or flexible joint,I so that it can be raised or depressed to control somewhat the flow of the pulp.

The bottom plates are or may be all made alike, and their construction will be readily nnderstood by reference to Figs. 1 and 2. The body of the plate a is preferably made of metal.

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holes d for the passage of the pulp throughl the plate. Between the bars c are blocks or filling-pieces w, of emery, cornndum, or other natural or artificial stone, said blocks or pieces being held in place by cement, by bolts, or otherwise. Y

The top plates consist oi'a body, e, rimsff, broad-faced bars g, arranged radially, and

blocksor filling-pieces h,oi emery'or other stone,I

belnvecn the bars. rllhe emery or stone on the tgp plates is, however, preferably placed only between the line 1I and the outer rim, j". is inthe bottom plates, the rims and broad-faced bars may bc made in one piece with the body of theplate; or they may be fastened thereto. They are placed on the underside ci' the plate. The inner rim,j`, is larger than the shaft,and

. within it are the projections k by which the top plate is supported upon the shaft byrneans of a collar, l. This collaris adjnstablysecured to the shaft by means of a set-screw, m. Its cute; sgrfap ,y is a portion of a sphere, and the inner ends o the projections It are correspond` ingly curved, so ,that the 'top plate may be accurately centered and made horizontal. Ijeetions or-ears n extend -from the collar into recesses in the tcp plate and serve to drive the same. VOpenings are left between the projee tions k and collar l 'or the passage of the pulp downward between the reducing-plates U H.

On the upper side of the top plate are curved ribsp, which have for their object to carry the pulp from the circumference ot' the top plate to the opening at the center. The top plates, being each adj nstabl y connected `with the shaft D, can be raised or lowered independently 'to regulate the distance between each pair ot the plates G and H, and the shaft being movable up or down by means of the lever F, the whole series of plates can' be simultaneously adjusted to grind the pulp coarscr or liner. The wood,

before it is introduced into the engine, is to be shaved, split, sawed, out, stripped, or otherwise divided into sha-vinger, siivers, or chips, or into small blocks, The shaft being revolved at the proper speed, these pieces are introduced with a'stream of het or cold water or chemical solution alone or together with rags or similar fibrous material, and' being carried bythe ribs p on the lirst top plate to thel centerv thereof, they pass through and between the broad-faced bars, by which they are jammed or crushed, and also in contact with and between the celery-blocks or fill ing-pieces, bythe sharp corners of the abraiding material in whichl the bers are more or Proless torn asnnder. The partially-reducedbcr iows through the openings at the circ'nmfer ence of the iirst bottom plate onto the nexttop plate, by the ribs in which it isconveyed to the center. Thenceit passes between the second pair ot" plates, descends to tbe next pair, and so on, as indicated by the arrows and dotted lines, until at last it passes out at the outiet reduced and refined to the desired degree.

The space between tbereducing-plate's is preferably greater at the top'tlan Vat the bottem, being gradually diminished, so that quite large strips, chips, or blocks, being introduced at the top, will he reduced to the required degree of lineness by the time they reach theoutlet.

The speed at which the shaft should rotate depends npon thecharaeterof the wood. That which will be most advantageous in a given case must be left in great measure to the discretion of the nser.

lt is obvious that the apparatus described naald be nsed for pulping or reducing to ber materials other than wood, and that modiiications may be made in the details of construction without altering the essential principles. Either or both sets of bars could be revolved. The length of thehber in passing between the reducing-plates is lteptapproximatel y parallel with the radii of the plates.

Having now fully described my said invention and the manner o carryingthe same into effect, what I claim is-f l. The improvement in reducing wood and other material to fiber for paper-pulp, consisting in crushing orjainming the same between 'broad-faced bars, substantially as described.

2, The improvement in reducing wood and other material to liber, consisting in crushing the material between metallic bars, plates, or other devices," and at the same time tearing or disintegratingthe fiber by abrading material- ,sueh as natural or art-iiicial. stone-substantially as described.

3. A pnlping-engine having reducing-surfaces provided with broad-faccd bars for crushing the-iibrous material between them, substantially as described.

4. The combination, in a' pnlping-engine, ot bars, blades, or other metallic `devices with blocks or idling-pieces oi natural or artiiicial stone, substantially as described.

5. The combination of the top and bottom' plates or their equivalents,provided cach with broad-faced bars arranged so that the bars on one plate cross those on the other, and means for removing one or both plates, substantially as described.

6. A series ot' reducing-plates arranged in pairs, in combination with ashaft earryingone plate of each pair and a casingsupportingtlie other plate, substantially' as described.

7. rlhe combination, with shaft 'and casin g and a series of redncingplates arranged in pairs, and attached one plate of each pair to the shaft :and one to the casing, of means for loo raising and lowering the shaft` and attached4 plates, so as to bring them closer to or farther from those attached to the casing, substantially as described.

8. A pu1pingengine for. reducing wood und other material'to ber for making pulp, comprising, in combination, :t casing, supporting frame, shaft, reducing-plates arranged in pairs and 'attached to said shaft and easing, en inletfor introducing-the material into the en gine, and an outlet for the pulp, substantially as described. .i

9. The combination, with each other, of two Y or more pairs of.1-educingplates or their equivalents-sneh as cylinders and eoncaVes-pr vided eaeh with bsrs,blades, or other metallic devices, with or Without bloeksor filling-pieces of vabrediug material arranged in series with the space between the plates or their equiva lent gradually diminishing, substantially as 2o described.

10. A reducing-plate or its equivalent provided with bers, blades, or othermetallie devices on its surface, and with blocks or fillingpieces of abrading muterial-such as natural z5 or artificial stone-between thebarsorblades, Y substantially 4s described In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.V

STEPHEN M. ALLEN.

Witnesses:

MINNIE L. WlrImM, H. G. ALLEN. v

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