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US2489157A - Electrode - Google Patents

Electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
US2489157A
US2489157A US602865A US60286545A US2489157A US 2489157 A US2489157 A US 2489157A US 602865 A US602865 A US 602865A US 60286545 A US60286545 A US 60286545A US 2489157 A US2489157 A US 2489157A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
opening
electrode
chamber
reflector electrode
reflector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US602865A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William E Good
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CBS Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE470150D priority Critical patent/BE470150A/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US602865A priority patent/US2489157A/en
Priority to FR941760D priority patent/FR941760A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2489157A publication Critical patent/US2489157A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/24—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is in the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection

Definitions

  • My .invention relates to electrical discharge devices and in .particulartosuch discharge ,deavicesinwhichqelectrons of an electron beam'are velocityemodulated inzpassing-through a, resonat- -ing-. chamber "having. conducting walls-and: after .zexit; fromthe chamber. have their velocities: rewcrsed by arreflector..e1ectrode.so that a' substan- 'tial-portionof. them re;-enter the chamber.
  • One 1 object r; of ...myv invention is to provide Jan improved .type -of reflector electrode iwhich; shall .ensure. the re-entryi-nto the. chamber-10f a greater --fraction .-of the emerging electrons. than: did: re- ,eflector electrodesxot thcaprior art.
  • ride-iandarrangementt-in which that-configuration hoof-the eelectric fieldtbetween the reflector :electrode and the outlet 0f. the. resonating-chamber amay be: varied in form. at will.
  • Still another object, of .my -:invention is to::pro- ,yide-anarrangement .inqwhichi thewconfiguration iof, the electric fieldain the; HQighbOBhOQdC'OflIH-IB refiecton electrode; .may-.-be regulatedrin :iflCCOi'dance with the current or operatingr'yoltage of the reflex oscillation agenerator.
  • obj ect of my, invention is taprovide a. reflex-. type of oscillation; generator r-With a .iform OfzIEfiBCtOIY electrode-suitable for experi-,;
  • FigsflZ. and. 3. are; diagrammatic. illustrations of reflector electrode arrangements alternative to the reflectorielectrode (of Fig.1, and
  • ⁇ 1A5 is-wellsknownpin.the :.art, it. is possible sby adjusting the electricar potential at theopening I! by means-of the associated slider on, potentiometer 29, to give the electrons entering through opening lI-i-ntmchamher
  • vin other-wordsythe electron'rstream will have is'high-separatedJay-portions in which. the electron .density is'low.
  • the reflector electrode shown in Fig. 1 it comprises what may be considered to be a spherical surface subdivided by narrow insulating gaps into three sectors or zones 23, 24 and 25, the above mentioned insulating gaps being respectively shown at 25 and 21.
  • Each of the sectors 23, 24 and 25 is connected by a suitable lead-wire to sliders on the potentiometer 20. By adjusting the position of the last mentioned sliders, the form of the electric field inside the reflector electrode and between its adjacent end and the opening I9 can be varied at will to a considerable degree.
  • the electric potential of the zones 23, 24 and 25 are the same and the Zones 23, 24 and 25 thus constitute what is in substantial effect a single spherical surface with an opening aligned with the opening I9 in chamber I8.
  • the diameter of th spherical surface thus produced is substantially greater than that of the opening I9 so that the spherical surface subtends a solid angle at the center of the sphere which is substantially greater than 21r solid radians.
  • Fig. 2 I show an alternative form for the reflector electrode which may comprise a cylindrical chamber having a plane end wall 3
  • , 32, and 33 lead to sliders on the potentiometer 20 so that the electrical potentials of the wall portions may be adjusted at will.
  • the chamber of Fig. 2 will constitute, in effect, a cylinder with equipotential walls having an opening at one end aligned with the grid opening I9.
  • Fig. 3 I show still another form of reflector electrode which may be considered to comprise roughly a truncated cone having a base portion 34 with an opening aligned with the opening I9 and having its curved surface divided into two portions 35 and 36 preferably of equal area by a plane passing through the axis of the cones.
  • Each of the zones 34, 35 and 36 is connected by a suitable lead with the potentiometer 20.
  • the reflector electrode will, in effect, comprise a truncated cone having an equipotential surface.
  • the potentials of the portions 35 and 36 are given different values, the electric field between them and the opening I9 will be dissymmetrical about the axis of the chamber I8.
  • both the Fig. 2 and the Fig. 3 reflector electrodes may be considered to comprise surfaces which subtend about a point in their central region a solid angle greater than 27! solid radians.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 thus illustrate the general character of the alteration of the electric field in the region between the reflector electrode and the opening I9 which results from adjusting the relative potentials of the sectors of the reflector electrode surface.
  • Means for producing an electron beam a cavity resonator mounted along the path of said beam and having conducting walls provided with openings to be traversed by said beam, and a reflector electrode aligned with said openings and comprising a hollow member having walls which subtend, about a point in the central region of the member, a solid angle substantially greater than 271' solid radians, said walls having an opening in the path of said beam.
  • a reflector electrode for an oscillation generator of the reflex type which comprises a hollow sphere having an opening in its surface said surface subtending, about a portion in the central region of said chamber, a solid angle substantially greater than 211' solid radians.
  • a reflector electrode for an oscillation generator of the reflex type comprising a hollow body having a surface of conducting material subdivided into a plurality of zones insulated from each other, and having an opening in the surface of one said zone, the surface of said reflector electrode subtending, about a point in the central region of said reflector electrode, a solid angle substantially greater than 2w solid radians,
  • a reflector electrode for an oscillator of the reflex type comprising a spherical surface having an opening therein and subdivided in a plurality of zones insulated from each other.
  • a reflector electrode for an oscillator of the reflex type comprising a spherical surface having an opening therein and subdivided in a plurality of zones insulated from each other, the surface of said reflector electrode subtending, about a point in the central region of said re- 6 flector electrode, a solid angle substantially greater than 21r solid radians.
  • a reflector electrode for an oscillation generator of the reflex type comprising a hollow cylindrical wall of conducting material, an end wall at one end thereof of conducting material and insulated from said cylindrical wall, and adjustable means connected to said walls for varying the relative electrical potentials of said end wall and said cylindrical wall.
  • An electronic device comprising means for producing an electron beam, a cavity resonator mounted along the path of the beam, said resonator having conducting walls provided with openings to be traversed by the beam, and a reflector electrode aligned with the openings, said reflector electrode comprising a hollow member having a substantial maximum inner cross-sectional area and having an opening in its Wall portion which has an area smaller than the maximum cross-sectional inner area of the hollow member transverse to the path of the beam, the last named opening being adjacent an opening of the resonator.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US602865A 1945-07-02 1945-07-02 Electrode Expired - Lifetime US2489157A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE470150D BE470150A (xx) 1945-07-02
US602865A US2489157A (en) 1945-07-02 1945-07-02 Electrode
FR941760D FR941760A (fr) 1945-07-02 1947-02-06 électrodes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US602865A US2489157A (en) 1945-07-02 1945-07-02 Electrode

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2489157A true US2489157A (en) 1949-11-22

Family

ID=24413096

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US602865A Expired - Lifetime US2489157A (en) 1945-07-02 1945-07-02 Electrode

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2489157A (xx)
BE (1) BE470150A (xx)
FR (1) FR941760A (xx)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2757314A (en) * 1951-01-19 1956-07-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Resnatron
US3046439A (en) * 1960-04-29 1962-07-24 Gen Electric Field emisssion reflex klystron

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE665619C (de) * 1935-03-12 1938-09-29 Julius Pintsch Kom Ges Ultrakurzwellenroehre
US2190511A (en) * 1938-03-01 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave system
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
USRE22506E (en) * 1937-07-14 1944-06-27 Electrical discharge device
US2416714A (en) * 1943-02-22 1947-03-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2421273A (en) * 1943-02-25 1947-05-27 Gen Electric Ultra high frequency electric discharge device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE665619C (de) * 1935-03-12 1938-09-29 Julius Pintsch Kom Ges Ultrakurzwellenroehre
USRE22506E (en) * 1937-07-14 1944-06-27 Electrical discharge device
US2190511A (en) * 1938-03-01 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave system
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
US2416714A (en) * 1943-02-22 1947-03-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2421273A (en) * 1943-02-25 1947-05-27 Gen Electric Ultra high frequency electric discharge device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2757314A (en) * 1951-01-19 1956-07-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Resnatron
US3046439A (en) * 1960-04-29 1962-07-24 Gen Electric Field emisssion reflex klystron

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR941760A (fr) 1949-01-20
BE470150A (xx)

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