[go: up one dir, main page]

US2450026A - Thermionic device for use with wave guides - Google Patents

Thermionic device for use with wave guides Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2450026A
US2450026A US462027A US46202742A US2450026A US 2450026 A US2450026 A US 2450026A US 462027 A US462027 A US 462027A US 46202742 A US46202742 A US 46202742A US 2450026 A US2450026 A US 2450026A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
guide
wave
electrons
waves
gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US462027A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tomlin Stanley Gordon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
Original Assignee
Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard Telephone and Cables PLC filed Critical Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2450026A publication Critical patent/US2450026A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D9/00—Demodulation or transference of modulation of modulated electromagnetic waves
    • H03D9/06—Transference of modulation using distributed inductance and capacitance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/28—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is perpendicular to the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/54—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electronic discharge apparatus for use with dielectric wave guides.
  • Dielectric guide systems of various kinds have been described in some detail heretofore in the papers on Hyperfrequency wave guides by J. R. Carson, Mead and Schelkunoff and by G. C. Southworth, appearing in the April 1936 issue of the Bell System Technical Journal.
  • the dielectric guide itself has taken a wide variety of forms, but typical of guides disclosed heretofore is one consisting of a rod of dielectric material and another consisting essentially of a metallic pipe containing dielectric medium.
  • Dielectrically guided waves are capable of transmission in an indefinitely large number of forms or types, each type being distinguished by the characteristic spacial distribution and interrelation of the component electric and magnetic fields comprising the Waves.
  • indefinite number of types of dielectrically guided waves they fall into either of two broad classes.
  • the electric component of the wave is transverse to the tube and at no point does it have a longitudinal component excepting as the tube is not quite a perfect conductor.
  • the magnetic component on the other hands, has both transverse and longitudinal components.
  • This class has been designated as transverse electric waves or TE waves.
  • the magnetic component is transverse to the tube and at no point does it have a longitudinal component, but the electric component has in general both transverse and longitudinal components.
  • This class has been designated as transverse magnetic waves or TM waves.
  • the various possible types of dielectrically guided waves in each of these two classes have been identified and distinguished from each other by their order and by their mode of propagation.
  • the order of the wave is determined by the manner in which the field intensity varies circumferentially around the axis of the guide whereas the mode is determined by the manner of its variation with radial distance from the axis of the guide.
  • the usual convention is herein adopted of designating a TE wave by I-Inm, where n represents the order and m the mode.
  • a TM wave of the nth order and mth mode will be represented by Enni-
  • the object of the present invention is to provide arrangements for producing electrotmag netic waves of ultra short wave length in and for propagation along dielectric wave guides or for receiving and amplifying and detecting such waves.
  • Arrangements for producing ultra high frequencies consist of a space resonator across which a beam of electrons is directed at a voltage antinode so as to be acted upon by the electric field within the chamber in order to bunch or group the electrons, and at another portion of the path the electrons give up a portion of their energy to the field to maintain oscillation.
  • the velocity of the electrons, dimensions of the space resonator and positions along the electron path at which energy is absorbed and given up being appropriately selected.
  • Electron discharge apparatus for use with dielectric wave guides comprises a length of wave guide having a reflector at one end whilst the electro- 7 magnetic waves may proceed through the other end, and means for producing and directing a beam of electrons across the guide in a direction parallel to the electric field lines of force of the electromagnetic waves and at a field antinode so as to be velocity modulated by said field and bunched.
  • the beam of electrons after traversing the guide in one direction is reflected back from an electrode to Simiretraverse the guide and during the period between traversing the guide the electrons become bunched and on the second traversal feed energy.
  • said electrons after the electrons have traversed the guide for the bunching operation, said electrons are arranged to strike a sec ondary electron emission electrode and the secondary electron beam thus generated is directed across the guide to give up energy to the guide.
  • the guide is arranged to receive electromagnetic waves and to reflect said waves from said reflector to produce standing waves, and the velocity modulated and bunched beam of electrons is collected, the electrode potentials being such that the apparatus works on a curved part of the output current control voltage characteristic, whereby a rectified output of the received electromagnetic waves is obtained,
  • the guide is arranged to receive electromagnetic waves which are reflected from the reflector in the guide to produce standing waves within the guide and the electron beam is reflected back across the guide after potential of the electrode towards which the elec-- trons move after being velocity modulated are so adjusted that the apparatus works on a curved part of the output current-control voltage characteristic.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a planyiew of one.
  • Fig. 1A shows an end view of the arrangement continuous line within the guide and equipotential lines are shown in broken line;
  • Fig. *3 shows the electric field distribution of an E11 wave in a guide of rectangular section
  • Fig.4 shows the electric field distribution of an E01 wave in a guide-of circular section
  • Fig. 5 shows diagrammatically a plan view of another embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 shows a modified form of the apparatus shownin Fig. 1 for use as a receiving arrangement with a wave guide system;
  • Fig. 7 is an end view of-the arrangement shown in Fig. 6.
  • an Hm wave is excited in a guide I of rectangular section by projecting a beam of electrons produced by an electric gun shown as cathode K and concentratinggridG through the wave guide-i at a voltage or electric.
  • a third method of operation results from running the electrode A at a potential positive with respect to the cathode K in which case secondary elec'tron emission may-occur from the electrode A. If the potential of A is suitably adjusted the fast primary electrons striking A cause more secondary-electrons to be emitted than the slow :ones'so that'bunches of secondary electrons leave therelectrode A and pass across the modulating gap 0 giving up energy to the wave guide providedtransitztimes-are suitably adjusted. It is necessarythat the. transit time from the modulating' gap 0 to the secondary electron emitter A and sbaclctoi thel'gap.
  • the wave guide I is a copper boxcof rectangularsection which maybe closed at "oneiendto'nly'Lthepther end being open as regards the electromagneticwaves to radiate I energy-therefromnTo produce a voltage or field antinode in the wave guide.
  • one end is closed by a movableipiston P whichrreflects the waves in. cident thereon to producenstanding waves.
  • adiaphragm' D is necessaly in orderxto reduce the radiation damping which may otherwise .be excessive; 'Since the critical waveleng-thrfor'the wave guide-is twice the long side L of. the rectangular section Fig. 1A, this dimen-- .sion mustwbegreater than half the-wavelength to-.be-generated;:
  • the short side of the rectangle shouldabe made as ilargeas possible since the:
  • wavelength K the optimum value. of b, the length of thelong .side of the. rectangle, is given by provided :21). si-ik.
  • Another '1' method. of adjustment consists of compressing the-guideiso that themodulating gap width is altered; since thisvaries the capacitive-loading due -to the presence of the fins F.
  • The: position-of the :aperture through which the electron. beam 'is. projected is at a voltage or electric field. antinode and should therefore be atan oddenumber. .of quater wavelengths from' the..clos.ed .endP or aneven'number from an open end llas regards the waves, this wavelength being the wavelength.
  • a inethe guide. which difiers from that .in..free space. To -reduce losses the. total length. of the guide. hetweenthe aperture .Q and the refiectingend Pshould be a minimum.. Since for small wavelengths the size of the apertureQ 1s limited,;for.it cannot be much longer than 4; withany advantagadt may be desirable to have several apertures and cathodes.
  • Fig. 2B the electric field distribution of the H01 wave is shown. Since the equipotential surfaces of this field are planes parallel to the side of the wave guide which determines its critical wave length, thev introduction of a perfectly conducting plane M, Figures 2 and 2A, into the guide in this position would not alter the field field distribution. Suppose this to be done and further suppose that a metal tube T is mounted on this plate M as shown in Figs. 2 and 2A. Now
  • the electrons will be velocity modulated at the first gap assuming that a high frequency field already exists, and in traversing the metal tube T will become bunched so that if the transit time through the tube is suitably adjusted energy will be given up to the electromagnetic field at the second gap 02 and so maintain the oscillations.
  • a beam of electrons is projected across the wave guide parallel to the lines of electric force and at an antinode of the electric field. It is known that if the transit time of electrons crossing the field in the giude is (n+ A) cycles of the oscillation to be excited, the system has a negative impedance and may therefore absorb energy from the beam thus maintaining the oscillating electromagnetic field.
  • the structure of the apparatus is similar to that shown in Fig. 1, except that fins F may not be necessary since the gap width must now be much larger, preferably such as to make the transit time across it 1% periods of the required oscillation.
  • the electron beam is finally collected on an electrode A maintained at the lowest possible potential consistent with collecting the whole of the beam.
  • a receiving arrangement according to the invention now to be described with reference to Figs, 6 and 7, is a straight forward detector.
  • Figs. 6 and '7 are similar to Figs. 1 and 2, the same references are given to like parts.
  • the wave guide is open at one end which may be terminated in an electromagnetic horn M to increase the high frequency energy picked up by the wave guide.
  • a beam of electrons is projected across the wave guide past a modulating gap across which the transit time is small compared with a period of the oscillation to be received, this gap being at an antinode of the electric field.
  • the incoming signal thus velocity modulates an electron beam.
  • an auxiliary grid structure GI maintained at approximately cathode potential and beyond this is the collector electrode A maintained at a potential, positive with respect to the cathode K.
  • auxiliary grid GI may be omitted and then if the collector electrode A is biased to a curved part of the collector currentcollector voltage characteristic detection results as before, the detected output being taken from the collector electrode A. If the spacing between modulating gap and auxiliary grid GI (or collector whenthis grid is omitted) is suitably adjusted electrons which are reflected back through the modulating gap may cause the wave guide to oscillate and since this oscillation may be in synchronism with the incoming carrier the detected output can be in creased.
  • the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 can also be used as an autodyne frequency changer.
  • a diaphragm D at the neck of the horn in order to reducev radiation damping for the oscillations have to be produced by refiection of the electron beam from the auxiliary grid GI.
  • the piston P is adjusted to produce standing waves corresponding to a frequency differing by the required 1 intermediate frequenc from that of the carrier which it is desired to receive.
  • the arrangement is set into oscillation by reflection of electrons from the auxiliary grid (or collector if this grid is omitted) which is maintained at approximately cathode potential at a point in the curved part of the collector current-grid voltage (or collector voltage in the absence of a grid) characteristic.
  • the intermediate frequency chosen is not too high the wave guide will be only slightly out of adjustment for the carrier and thus two fields of slightly different frequencies will exist in the wave guide so that the electric field across the modulating gap will be of the form A cos wlt+B cos wzi.
  • the collector electrode current will have an intermediate frequency component of the form I cos (w1w2) t.
  • Fig. 5 An improvement on the autodyne frequency changer hereinbefore described may be obtained as shown in Fig. 5 by providing two wave guides 1,2 side by' side across both of which an electron beam is projected at voltage antinodes.
  • One of these guides I having an open end, with or with" out an electromagnetic horn, is adjusted to the incident carrier Wave frequency and the second 2 is'adjusted to the frequency of a local oscillator.
  • the second wave guide may be .set in oscillation by reflection .of ".BIGGISIZOIIS' from an auxiliarygr-idsuch as G! in Figsafi and 7.
  • the means for bringing an electrostaticchargefito bear onsaid -beam comprises a reflector electrode whereby the said 'beam 'of electrons-after traversing the guideu'n one .rdirection is reflected back to retraverse the guiderand wherel in the saidmeans ior limiting thehspace across "said guide to at'lea-st one gap comprises fins within said guide adjacent said openings.
  • Electron dischangeapparatus as claimed in claim h wherein said means for bringing electro- 7 static chargesto bear on said beam comprising a collecting electrode spaced fromithewave guide at the end of the beam'path remote from 'thebe'am generating means "and an auxiliary grid provided between the collecting electrode and-the wall 'of' the wave guide and'thepotentials-on said electrodes are adjusted so that the apparatus 'works on the-curved partof the collector current-auxiliary grid voltage characteristic wherebyarectified output. of electromagnetic waves received along said guide is obtained.
  • Electron discharge apparatus as claimed in claim 1 Whereinsaid means :for bringingrelectrostaticrch-argesixto bear; onisaid beam comprising a collectingelectroderspacedfromthe Wave guideat' 7 the end of :the beam-:pathremote from :the beam generating-means andithe :Width ;.of::the pat-h tra- ZAE 0,02 6
  • said reflector in said guide being sopositioned that the reflected beam produces cscillationsin said guide diiT-ering in frequency from-thereceived waves by a desired intermediate frequency, the potential of the said reflecting electrodebeso adjusted that the apparatus. workson a I curvedpart of the. output current-reflecting electrode voltage characteristic.
  • Electron discharge apparatus as claimed .in .claim 1 for producing'Hoi electromagnetic waves wherein the said means tolimit the. space across theguide to at least onegap comprises-ametal .tube support-ed by a conducting plane sheetarranged parallel to the equ-ipotenti-al lines in. the
  • Electron discharge apparatus as-claimed in claim 1 wherein the transit time of the electrons crossing the field in the guide is arranged-to .be

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
US462027A 1941-08-29 1942-10-14 Thermionic device for use with wave guides Expired - Lifetime US2450026A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB272718X 1941-08-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2450026A true US2450026A (en) 1948-09-28

Family

ID=10256872

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US462027A Expired - Lifetime US2450026A (en) 1941-08-29 1942-10-14 Thermionic device for use with wave guides

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2450026A (xx)
BE (1) BE472810A (xx)
CH (1) CH272718A (xx)
FR (1) FR939344A (xx)
GB (1) GB581481A (xx)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2515203A (en) * 1946-01-17 1950-07-18 Edward W Ernst Tracking mechanism for reflex velocity modulated tubes
US2517731A (en) * 1946-04-09 1950-08-08 Rca Corp Microwave transmission system
US2558664A (en) * 1948-05-15 1951-06-26 Sylvania Electric Prod Switch tube
US2585860A (en) * 1949-06-30 1952-02-12 Nat Union Radio Corp Microwave dynatron
US2611102A (en) * 1948-11-13 1952-09-16 Sylvania Electric Prod Traveling wave tube
US2652511A (en) * 1950-03-06 1953-09-15 Hewlett Packard Co High-frequency generator
US2678404A (en) * 1949-12-30 1954-05-11 Sperry Corp High-frequency electron discharge apparatus
US2691118A (en) * 1950-01-23 1954-10-05 Collins Radio Co Extremely high-frequency electronic device
US2694795A (en) * 1951-07-31 1954-11-16 Thomas T Pureka Cavity resonator
US2695973A (en) * 1949-10-27 1954-11-30 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Reflex traveling wave amplifier
US2698398A (en) * 1949-04-07 1954-12-28 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Traveling wave electron discharge device
US2717327A (en) * 1947-01-17 1955-09-06 Int Standard Electric Corp Velocity modulation devices
US2910614A (en) * 1957-09-03 1959-10-27 Gen Electric External resonant section tubes
US2912619A (en) * 1954-04-22 1959-11-10 Emi Ltd High frequency apparatus
US3403257A (en) * 1963-04-02 1968-09-24 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Light beam demodulator

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2170219A (en) * 1936-10-16 1939-08-22 Telefunken Gmbh Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2190515A (en) * 1938-07-15 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave device
US2190511A (en) * 1938-03-01 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave system
US2207846A (en) * 1938-06-30 1940-07-16 Rca Corp Electronic discharge device
US2220841A (en) * 1940-03-30 1940-11-05 Gen Electric High-frequency detector
US2223082A (en) * 1936-05-19 1940-11-26 Int Standard Electric Corp High frequency transmission system
US2253589A (en) * 1938-08-06 1941-08-26 George C Southworth Generation and transmission of high frequency oscillations
GB541631A (en) * 1939-06-15 1941-12-04 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Means for controlling electronic discharges and devices making use thereof
GB543400A (en) * 1940-08-23 1942-02-24 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices incorporating high-frequency resonators
US2293151A (en) * 1940-10-08 1942-08-18 Rca Corp Resonant cavity device
US2320860A (en) * 1939-12-22 1943-06-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2367295A (en) * 1940-05-17 1945-01-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2368031A (en) * 1940-03-15 1945-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2372193A (en) * 1940-06-05 1945-03-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Producing and transmitting electromagnetic waves

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2223082A (en) * 1936-05-19 1940-11-26 Int Standard Electric Corp High frequency transmission system
US2170219A (en) * 1936-10-16 1939-08-22 Telefunken Gmbh Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2190511A (en) * 1938-03-01 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave system
US2207846A (en) * 1938-06-30 1940-07-16 Rca Corp Electronic discharge device
US2190515A (en) * 1938-07-15 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave device
US2253589A (en) * 1938-08-06 1941-08-26 George C Southworth Generation and transmission of high frequency oscillations
GB541631A (en) * 1939-06-15 1941-12-04 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Means for controlling electronic discharges and devices making use thereof
US2320860A (en) * 1939-12-22 1943-06-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2368031A (en) * 1940-03-15 1945-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2220841A (en) * 1940-03-30 1940-11-05 Gen Electric High-frequency detector
US2367295A (en) * 1940-05-17 1945-01-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2372193A (en) * 1940-06-05 1945-03-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Producing and transmitting electromagnetic waves
GB543400A (en) * 1940-08-23 1942-02-24 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices incorporating high-frequency resonators
US2293151A (en) * 1940-10-08 1942-08-18 Rca Corp Resonant cavity device

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2515203A (en) * 1946-01-17 1950-07-18 Edward W Ernst Tracking mechanism for reflex velocity modulated tubes
US2517731A (en) * 1946-04-09 1950-08-08 Rca Corp Microwave transmission system
US2717327A (en) * 1947-01-17 1955-09-06 Int Standard Electric Corp Velocity modulation devices
US2558664A (en) * 1948-05-15 1951-06-26 Sylvania Electric Prod Switch tube
US2611102A (en) * 1948-11-13 1952-09-16 Sylvania Electric Prod Traveling wave tube
US2698398A (en) * 1949-04-07 1954-12-28 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Traveling wave electron discharge device
US2585860A (en) * 1949-06-30 1952-02-12 Nat Union Radio Corp Microwave dynatron
US2695973A (en) * 1949-10-27 1954-11-30 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Reflex traveling wave amplifier
US2678404A (en) * 1949-12-30 1954-05-11 Sperry Corp High-frequency electron discharge apparatus
US2691118A (en) * 1950-01-23 1954-10-05 Collins Radio Co Extremely high-frequency electronic device
US2652511A (en) * 1950-03-06 1953-09-15 Hewlett Packard Co High-frequency generator
US2694795A (en) * 1951-07-31 1954-11-16 Thomas T Pureka Cavity resonator
US2912619A (en) * 1954-04-22 1959-11-10 Emi Ltd High frequency apparatus
US2910614A (en) * 1957-09-03 1959-10-27 Gen Electric External resonant section tubes
US3403257A (en) * 1963-04-02 1968-09-24 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Light beam demodulator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH272718A (fr) 1950-12-31
GB581481A (en) 1946-10-15
BE472810A (xx)
FR939344A (fr) 1948-11-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2276806A (en) High frequency apparatus
US2450026A (en) Thermionic device for use with wave guides
US2687490A (en) High-frequency beam tube device
US2653270A (en) High-frequency energy interchange device
US3432721A (en) Beam plasma high frequency wave generating system
US2312723A (en) Electron discharge device
US2630544A (en) Traveling wave electronic tube
US2680209A (en) High-frequency apparatus
US2410054A (en) Electron discharge apparatus
US2485400A (en) High-frequency electron discharge apparatus
GB693713A (en) Improvements in or relating to electron velocity modulation discharge apparatus
US2888597A (en) Travelling wave oscillator tubes
US2429243A (en) High-frequency tube structure
US2582186A (en) Apparatus for accelerating charged particles, especially electrons, to very high-velocity
US2852715A (en) High frequency structure
US2409224A (en) Oscillator
US3432722A (en) Electromagnetic wave generating and translating apparatus
US2239421A (en) Electron discharge device
US2323735A (en) Electric discharge apparatus
US2276320A (en) Centimeter wave device
US2623129A (en) Thermionic tube for amplification of ultrashort electric waves
US2220556A (en) Ultra short wave device
US2794146A (en) Ultra-high frequency amplifying tube
GB691900A (en) Electron discharge devices
US2143262A (en) Means for electron multiplication