US242644A - Paget higgs - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

P. HIGGS.

Dynamo Electric Machine.

No. 242,644. Patented June 7,1881.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAGET HIGGS, OF NEYV YORK, N. Y.

DYNAMO-ELECTRlC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 242,644, dated June '7, 1881.

Application filed March 3, 1881. (N model.)

To all whom it may concern:

vided with a commutator, H, or current-col- Be it known that I, PAGET IIIGG-S, acitizen lector, which may also be of any kind, and of Great Britain, residing in the city of New brushes or metallic strips 1 and 2. York, in the county and State of New York, It will be understood by those familiar with 5 have invented certain Improvements in Dynamagneto-electro machines that a wire circuit mo-Electrie Machines, and in the method of or circuits pass around the armature O in such workingthem, of which the following is a specia manner that by its revolution they are made fication. to alternately approach and recede from the My improvement relates to that class ot'magpoles of a series of eleetro-magnets, numbered 1o neto-electrie machines in which the electric from 3 to 10 in Figs. 1 and 2, and indicated by current is induced in the coils of an armature the letters It and Sin Fig. 3. In the latter figby means of electro-maguets, and which are ure the letterS designates t-hosemagnets which distinguished from those in which permanent are numbered 3, 4, 5, 7, S, and 9 in Figs. 1 and magnets are used by the title dynamo-electric 2, and the letter R those numbered 6 and 10. I 5 machines and the invention is applicable to The circuit or circuits on the armature lead to such machines, whether they are employed for the current-collector H in such a manner that converting mechanical power into an electric when, in any manner, the brushes 1 and 2 are current, which current may be used either for electrically connected the currents induced in lighting or plating, or other purposes, or the armature-circuits by the rotation of the 20 whether they are employed conversely for conarmature are collected by the brushes and pass verting an electric current into mechanical through the wire which connects the brushes. power as, for example, when used for the It will be understood that although I have aptransmission of power to a distance. plied the word circuits to the armature'wires,

The nature of the invention and its objects they do not constilutea complete circuit until 2 5 will be best understood by reference to the connected through the brushes.

drawings and the following description. My invention relates to the manner of mak- In the drawings, Figure 1 shows the old ing this connection. method of constructing these machines, and In Fig. 1 it will be seen that a wireis taken Figs. 2and3show my improvements. In Fig. from brush 1, passes around the cores of all o 2 two machines are introduced into the same the electro-magnets ot' the transmitter to earth,

general circuit, as is done when mechanical from earth around all of the cores in the repower is converted into the eurrentin the first ceiver to brush 1, and a wire also connects instance, and the current passing through a brushes 2 2 of the receiver and transmitter. A second machine is recouvertcd into mechancomplete circuit is therefore established as fol- S 5 3 5 ical power or motion. In Fig. 3 the transmitlows: from brush 1 of the transmitter through ting-machines are used for lighting purposes, its coils to earth; through earth to and through but the general construction and arrangement the coils of the receiver to brush 1 of that maare the same, except that in Fig. 3 a series of chine; from brush 1 ot' the receiver through small electric lamps is substituted for the secthe commutator and armature circuits to brush 40 0nd or receiving-machine, and except that the 2; through the line to brush 2 of the transmitcircuit is completed through a return-wire inter, and through the commutator and armastead of through earth, as in Fig. 2. The hit ture circuits of that machine to brush 1, comter variation is however of no importance. pleting the circuit.

The machines employed may be of any of Figs. 2 and 3 show my method of eonstruct- 5 45 the well-known forms, except in the arrangeing and arranging the wire connections; Fig. ment of their wires, hereinafter spoken of, and 2, as in Fig. 1, for transmitting power, and Fig. I have therefore merely indicated the other 3,whieh is substantiallythesamearrangement, parts conventionally. for lighting purposes. In these arrangements In all the figures 0 represents a rotating the line-wire passes directly from brush 1 of 5 armature of any kind-as, for example, the the transmitter to the receiver or lamps, just well-known cylindrical Siemens armature,proas it passed directly between brushes 2 2 in Fig. 1; but from the other brush, in my arrangement, the wire, instead of passing through all the coils of the electroanagnets to earth, as before, passes through only a portion of them, as coils 6 and 10, Fig. 2, or coil It, Fig. 3. The main circuit, therefore, passes as follows from brush 2 of the transmitter through coils 10 and 6 or It to earth, and through earth or second line-wire to and through receiver or lamps to brush 1 of the transmitter, and is completed through commutator and armature, as before. The other coils, 3, 4, 5,7, 8, and 9, in Fig. 2, or S in Fi 8, are placed in a shuntcircuit taken from the line at, say, the point marked 20, and returning to it at the point marked 19. The receiving-instrument may, but need not necessarily, be similarly arranged,

and is so shown in the drawings.

It will be seen that in Fig. 1 there is but one circuit, and the resultis that if this be broken at any point the current must entirely cease. The armature will therefore revolve without doing any duty, the entire load being thus taken off the motive power, which is liable to injure itself and the machine by racin In my arrangement, however, if either the main or shunt circuit be broken the currentwill pass through the other circuit magnetizing a portion of the coils, and by accumulation of magnetism absorbing any dangerous excess of power in the machines. It the machine he short-circnited-that is, if accidental connection be made between the wires-say between the points 1 and earth, or the return-line, such connection offering little or no resistance, the entire current would pass through it in preference to the shunt. It must, however, in such case pass through coils 10 and 6, or R, and again by accumulation of magnetism will absorb the surplus power. I have found also by actual tests that in this arrangement there is a great saving of power, and that there is also a Very marked absorption of fluctuations in the power by the' machine itself, instead of their appearance in the outer or line circuit, injuring the constancy of the work done. These effects will be readily understood by electricians, and inasmuch as their explanation depends purely on theoretical considerations I do not find it necessary to explain them here, sufficient having been said to enable those skilled in the art to make and use machines according to myinvention. Itwill also be understood that the number of coils in the main and shunt circuits can be varied indefinitely, both absolutely and relatively to one anoth er, according to the work required of the machines, their relative resistances being properly adjusted. Also, the coils in each circuit maybe connected among themselves in any desired manner.

In an application for Letters Patent already on file in the Patent Office I have described an arrangement in which all the cores of the field-of-force magnets are placed in the shuntcircuit. The hereinbefore-described invention differs from that, however, in the fact that the cores aredivided and a part placed in the coils of the shunt-circuit, and a part placed in those of the main circuit, and it is in this division that I believe lies the principle of the invention which I wish to protect in these Letters Patent. The shunt and main circuit coils might also be made to surround the same cores, but such an arrangement would not necessarily produce the effects which are accomplished by the one above described, and I wish it, therefore, to be distinctly understood that it is an essential feature of this invention that the shunt-circuit surrounds and actuates some of the field-of-force magnets which are not in the main circuit, while others of the field-offorce magnets are in the main circuit, and not in the shunt.

In Fig. 3 the numbers 21, 22, and 23 designate a series of lights placed in a series of taps or shunts between two main lines constituting acircuit, which includes one of my machines used as a transmitter, this being the usual manner of arranging asuccession of lights to be worked by a common current. Of course an electrolytic bath orother work to be done might be introduced into the circuit in the same or any equivalent manner.

By the term field-of-force magnets, which I usein this specification, I mean those magnets which, being actuated by the current created by the machine, are themselves used to excite the current in the circuits of the armatures.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A dynamo-electric machine in which the cores of some of the field-of-force magnets are placed in the shunt-circuit only, and the rest of the cores are in the main circuit, substantially as described.

2. The method of working dynamo-electric machines, which consists in magnetizing a part of the field-of-force magnets by the main current and a part of them by the current of a shunt-circuit, substantially as described.

PAGET HIGGS.

Witnesses:

WM. HILLIARD. WYLvs Honours.

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