Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
  • D06M13/127—Mono-aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde; Monoketones
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2971—Impregnation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2369—Coating or impregnation improves elasticity, bendability, resiliency, flexibility, or shape retention of the fabric
  • Y10T442/2385—Improves shrink resistance
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2762—Coated or impregnated natural fiber fabric [e.g., cotton, wool, silk, linen, etc.]
  • Y10T442/277—Coated or impregnated cellulosic fiber fabric
  • Y10T442/2828—Coating or impregnation contains aldehyde or ketone condensation product
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2861—Coated or impregnated synthetic organic fiber fabric
  • Y10T442/2869—Coated or impregnated regenerated cellulose fiber fabric

Definitions

• This invention relates to processes for treating cellulose-containing textiles and is a continu- U. S. A. application Ser. No. 459,842 filed September 26, 1942. More particularly the invention provides a process for rendering such textiles stable as to dimensions and at the same time giving them a good laundryresisting finish.
• the process is especially useful in treating fabrics consisting of or containing a substantial percentage of regenerated cellulose artificial silk fibers such for example as viscose and cuprammonium silk fibers, including staple fibers thereof and mixtures of such fibers.
• a disadvantage of this shrink-resistant finish is the limp feel or hand of the goods which can only be eliminated by a subsequent finish which, however, would not only entail an additional operation but furthermore would cause difliculties with respect to the stabilizing of fabrics to maintain their dimensions.
• a further disadvantage of these processes is that the resistance to abrasion of the textiles is considerably reduced as a result of the treatment with formaldehyde under the said conditions.
• Suitable for the treatment are cellulose-containing textiles of any description such as fabrics, yarns, spun yarns and fiber material of natural or regenerated cellulose either alone or mixed with other fibers.
• acid catalysts one can use organic or inorganic acids of any kind which have a dissociation constant of at least about 10- to about 3x10- and where such quantities are used as will not cause injury to the cellulose by disintegration (split-up of chemical structure); for instance depending on the strength of the acid, one may use up to 10 grams or more per liter of the impregnating liquid.
• acid salts of such acids can be used or salts which, on account of their dissociation in the presence of heat or their reaction with formaldehyde, have an acid reaction; such for instance as ammonium salts.
• mixtures of various catalysts can be used, for instance one may add buffer substances or substances which have a swelling action on cellulose as for instance zinc chloride.
• acid catalyst will be used herein to cover or define not onlycatalysts which are acids, but also substances which are acidreacting or which liberate acid in solution or when exposed to the reaction conditions herein described.
• finishing agents having a stiffening or weighting action there can be used the customary Vegetable or animal colloidal substances or their technically produced derivatives, as for instance, soluble starch, starch of every description, carob meal, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, dextrln, sugar and gelatin. It is also possible to add textile finishing agents, as for instance, softeners.
• the finishing agents are used in practical operation in quantities of for instance a few grams up to 100 r Y gramsand more per liter of impregnation liquid.
• formaldehyde it is most advantageous to use the 40% technical or commercial formaldehyde solution or compounds which split off formaldehyde during the reaction, such as its polymers or hexamethylenetetramine.
• the formaldehyde content of the impregnating bath should be below 10% but more than about 2%. A higher concentration causes a higher reaction speed, and furthermore a crease-resistant effect, which is not intended or desired in connection with the present invention, since a diminution of the abrasive resistance is caused thereby.
• the formaldehyde, catalyst and finishing agent are added to the same impregnating bath and the goods are immersed therein at ordinary or elevated temperature. After a thorough soaking the excess liquid is removed, such for instance as by squeezing and the goods are pre-dried at about 60 C. After the pre-drying, which may be carried out at a higher or lower temperature, the actual condensation takes place between about 70-160 0., most preferably in a drying chamber or on a perforated drying drum, by strongly agitated air currents. Also other drying equipment which assures uniform heat is suitable, such for instance as drying with infra-red rays.
• Fabrics thus treated will also, after repeated laundering, shrink only very little and have a durable full hand; they retain these characteristics also during further manufacturing manipulations and in the made up garment.
• the resistance to abrasion is good and the swelling property, 1. e., swelling in water, is very much reduced.
• the swelling property 1. e., swelling in water
• the tensile strength of the wet material as well as the boiling fastness are improved.
• the stretching property of these fabrics which is troublesome during the manufacturing and while wearing the garment, is considerably reduced.
• my process for treating cellulose containing fibers to reduce shrinkage and give a laundry resistant finish comprises, treating the fibers with "col1oids capable, when heated to react with. formaldehyde to render the fibers insoluble or only slightly soluble in water, drying and subjecting the fibers to a formaldehyde treatment (the formaldehyde'being of the above content in the solution) in presence of an acid catalyst, having a dissociation constant of at least about 10- to about 3 10- at a temperature of from about 70 C. to 160 C. for a sumclent time toproduce said reaction product and another reaction product between formaldehyde and cellulose thus giving to the fibers said properties of reduced shrinkage and a laundry resistant finish.
• a formaldehyde treatment the formaldehyde'being of the above content in the solution
• an acid catalyst having a dissociation constant of at least about 10- to about 3 10- at a temperature of from about 70 C. to 160 C. for a sumclent time toproduce said reaction product and another reaction product between formal
• the colloids may be applied to the textile materials by means of a slop padding machine or a padding mangle or e. g. by a starching mangle with a starch-doctor. Filling materials and finishing agents, such as softeners may be added to the colloids.”
• Filling materials and finishing agents, such as softeners may be added to the colloids.
• the fabrics are brought to definite dimensions approximating those as customary in the trade after impregnation with the formaldehyde solution by tensioning them on a stenter frame. The fabrics are then dried and condensed maintaining those dimensions.
• Example 1 A cretonne-like fabric, in warp and filling consisting of spun viscose yarn, was cleansed by customary methods, slightly bleached and dried. Thereafter, it was impregnated on 8.
• the fabric is considerably stiffened, and even after repeated laundering the stiffening is not materially reduced and the tendency of the goods to shrink is very slight.
• the resistance to abrasion is 62% higher than for similar goods analogously treated, but without the addition of Solubia to the formaldehyde.
• Solubia to the formaldehyde.
• the swelling property of the fiber material was further dimenished, as is proven by the following figures.
• the water absorption, in percent, based on the water absorption by similar goods which were only subjected to a preliminary cleaning, is as follows:
• Example 2 Mercerized, bleached cotton marquislette was impregnated on a padding machine wit Wheat starch kits 5 Formaldehyde 40% com litres 15 Aluminium rhodanide solution 17 B.. do 4 Water, sufllcient to make up to ..do.. 100
• the goods after being well squeezed out were pre-dried at 60 C. while maintaining strong length and width tension therein; followed by heating for 20 minutes at 110 C.; thoroughly washed with cold water and soaped for a short time.
• the fabric is then dried while tensioned in both directions to about 4% below the gray dimensions.
• Example 3 spun rayon gabardine, dyed with dye-stuffs fast against the action of formaldehyde, was impregnated with a solution prepared according to the following directions: A gum tragacanth solution was diluted with water with the addition of formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid to twice its original volume. The final solution contains per liter:
• the goods obtained by this treatment have, characteristically, a fuller or more voluminous and firmer hand, the finished effect is not lost by laundering, and the tendency to shrink is considerably reduced.
• the resistance to abrasion is materially improved as compared with similar goods analogously treated with formaldehyde, but without the addition of gum tragacanth. Also in this instance the swelling properties of the fiber material are further diminished.
• Example 4 A well desized rayon taffeta of copper ammonium silk was treated with a solution containing per liter:
• Gum arabic r 100 Formaldehyde 40% comm cc 200 Zinc chloride gr 16 Acetic acid concentrated cc 2 to goods similarly treated without the addition of gum arabic is improved by more than 30%.
• Example 5 Viscose voile was passed through an aqueous solution containing:
• the potato starch was boiled with a part of the water for one hour while stirring vigorously.
• the paste thus obtained was allowed to cool off and thereupon there were stirred into it the other components such as formaldehyde, Soromin and ammonium chloride which were dissolved in the remaining part of the water.
• the viscose voile was considerably stiffened by this treatment.
• the finished effect is quite laundry-proof.
• the swelling property of the fiber material is reduced to a far-reaching extent, which has an especially favorable effect on the wet strength.
• the resistance to abrasion is 65% of that of the original goods.
• Example 6 A dyed lining material of viscose satin was impregnated with a solution having the following composition:
• the goods thus treated attained a firm hand; were more resistant to the action of moisture and in subsequent use did not materially change their
• the resistance to abrasion of goods thus treated as compared to that of similar goods finished in customary manner (i. e., without any formaldehyde treatment) is only very slightly decreased from a practical point of view (i. e., only about 2 to 3%) while similar goods treated according to this example but without the addition of the carob kernel meal, showed a decrease of nearly 50% in the resistance to abrasion.
• Example 7 Crpe Georgette, consisting of viscose yarn both in the warp and filling, was desized in the customary manner, boiled, bleached and dried. Thereupon it was impregnated with a solution consisting of:
• Example 8 --A cretonne-(linen-)like fabric composed of regenerated cellulose staple fiber is boiled in the known manner, bleached, dried and v treated with a starch paste of 20 g. potato-starch per kg. on a slop padding machine and dried. The so finished fabric is impregnated on the padding machine with a solution containing per liter Formaldehyde conc. technical (40%) cc 75 Zinc chloride technical g 15 Potash alum g 7.5
• Example 10 A regenerated cellulose staple fiber fabric, colour-printed in the well known manner is impregnated on a two-bowl-padding mangle with g. gelatine per liter and dried on Formaldehyde conc. technical (40%) cc 100 Aluminium chloride cryst g 3 Water cc..- 900 dried at 60 C. under tension in the direction of filling and warp so that the fabric is stretched to 4% below the original gray dimensions and thereupon heated during 4 minutes at 140 C., washed well with cold water, lightly soaped and dried again.
• the fabric shows a linen-like stiffening and only slightly shrinks on laundering.
• the finish resists to repeated laundering and the resistance to abrasion is the same as the untreatedfabric, whilst a fabric not pretreated with the colloid shows a diminution of the resistance to abrasion of about 60%.
• the amount of the impregnating liquid retained in the fabric after squeezing should be about 80 to compared to the weight of the dry goods. Also the drying of the fabric after the impregnation and prior to the baking should be uniform.
• a crease-resistant effect is not intended or desired to be'produced by my process and, accordingly, the process is carried out until the fibers are proof against shrinkage and discontinued before they have been rendered substantially crease-proof and before they show any substantial resistance to swelling in the usual cuprammonium hydroxide solution.
• Conditions of time, temperature and concentration of the materials used are set forth specifically in Examples 1 to 10 to accomplish this end.
• formaldehyde it is intended to include polymers of formaldehyde and compounds splitting off formaldehyde. Also. where the expression "colloid is used, it is intended to include vegetable or animal colloids or their conversion products suitable as finishing agents and having a stiffening or weighting effect.
• a process for treating cellulose fibres which comprises, impregnating the fibres with a formaldehyde solution having 8. formaldehyde content of less than 10% but more than about 2% in the presence of an acid catalyst having a dissociation constant of at least 1x10- to about 3X10- and in the presence of an aldehyde-reactive agent ing conversion products'capable, when heated with formaldehyde, of forming reaction products insoluble or slightly soluble in water, heating the so-treated fibres at about 70-160 C. until the fibres are proof against shrinkage, and discontinuing the treatment before the fibres have been rendered substantially crease-proof and before they show any substantial resistance to swelling in the usual cuprammonium hydroxide solution.
• a process for treating a fabric containing cellulose fibres which comprises, impregnating the fabric with a formaldehyde solution having a formaldehyde content of less than 10% but more than about 2% in the presence of an acid catalyst having a dissociation constant of at least 1X 10- to about 3X10 and in the presence of an aldehyde-reactive agent selected from-the group consisting of animal and vegetable colloids and their colloidal film-forming conversion products capable, when heated with formaldehyde, of forming reaction products insoluble or slightly soluble in water, removing the excess liquid, ad-
• Cellulose fibers chemically combined with formaldehyde coated with a formaldehyde starch compound and which are shrink-resistant but have no substantial crease-proof character, but showing substantially no resistance to swelling in the usual cuprammonium hydroxide solution.
• Cellulose fibres combined with formaldehyde coated with reaction products of formaldehyde with an aldehyde-reactive agent selected from the group consisting of animal and vegetable colloids and their colloidal film-forming conversion products, said coated fibres being shrink resistant but having no substantial crease-proof character and showing substantially no resistance to swell- I iilig in the usual cuprammonium hydroxide solut on.
• an aldehyde-reactive agent selected from the group consisting of animal and vegetable colloids and their colloidal film-forming conversion products
• a process for treating fabrics containing cellulose whichcomprises, preliminarily impregnating the fabrics with an aldehyde-reactive agent selected from the group consisting of animal and vegetable colloids and their colloidal film-forming conversion products capable when heated with formaldehyde of forming reaction products insoluble or slightly soluble in water, drying the fabric so treated and subjecting the same to a formaldehyde solution having a formaldehyde content of less than 1 but more than about 2% in the presence of an acid catalyst having a dissociation constant of at least 1X10- to about 3 l0- heatingthe so-treated fabric at about 70-160 C. until the fabric is proof against shrinkage, and discontinuing the treatment before the fabric has been rendered substantially crease-proof and before it shows any substantial resistance to swelling in the usual cuprammonium hydroxide solution.
• an aldehyde-reactive agent selected from the group consisting of animal and vegetable colloids and their colloidal film-forming conversion products capable when heated with formaldehyde of forming reaction products insoluble or
• a process for treating fabrics containing cellulose which comprises, preliminarily impregnating the fabrics with an aldehyde-reactive agent I selected from the group consisting of animal and vegetable colloids and their colloidal film-formingconversion products capable when heated with formaldehyde of forming reaction products insoluble or slightly soluble in water, drying the fabric so treated and subjecting the same to a formaldehyde solution having a formaldehyde content of less than 10% but more than about 2% in the presence of an acid catalyst having a dissociation constant of at least 1X10.- to about 3x10- removing the excess liquid.
• adjusting the fabric to predetermined dimensions and, with the fabric at approximately said dimensions, subjecting it in dry condition to a temperature of from about 70-160 C. until the fabric isproof against shrinkage, and discontinuing the treatment before the fabric has been rendered substantially crease-proof and before it shows any substantial resistance to swelling in the usual cuprammonium hydroxide solution.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=4520559

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (4)

• 0
  • NL NL57965D patent/NL57965C/xx active
  • BE BE447621D patent/BE447621A/xx unknown
• 1941
  • 1941-10-20 CH CH240608D patent/CH240608A/de unknown
• 1942
  • 1942-09-14 GB GB12918/42A patent/GB565337A/en not_active Expired
  • 1942-10-19 FR FR892457D patent/FR892457A/fr not_active Expired
• 1944
  • 1944-01-08 US US517580A patent/US2411818A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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