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US2411151A - Output coupling for high-frequency oscillators - Google Patents

Output coupling for high-frequency oscillators Download PDF

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Publication number
US2411151A
US2411151A US441406A US44140642A US2411151A US 2411151 A US2411151 A US 2411151A US 441406 A US441406 A US 441406A US 44140642 A US44140642 A US 44140642A US 2411151 A US2411151 A US 2411151A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
resonators
anode
cavities
coupling
flux
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US441406A
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English (en)
Inventor
James B Fisk
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL129021D priority Critical patent/NL129021B/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US441406A priority patent/US2411151A/en
Priority to GB6670/43A priority patent/GB574943A/en
Priority to FR938692D priority patent/FR938692A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2411151A publication Critical patent/US2411151A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/58—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having a number of resonators; having a composite resonator, e.g. a helix
    • H01J25/587—Multi-cavity magnetrons

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron discharge devices and particularly to those devices termed magnetrons in which high lrequency oscillations are produced by the curvilinear orbital motions of electric charges under the Joint influence of electric and mimetic nelds.
  • An object of the invention is to provide simple and eil'ective means for abstracting the power of ammualgnetron and delivering it to a utilisation c
  • a related object is to efleet such withdrawal or power abstraction with a minimum of distortion orperturbation of the high frequency electromagnetic fields which exist within the device durin operation.
  • Another object of the invention is to Provide simple and effective means for adjusting the frequency of oscillation of the magnetron.
  • the coupling loop area when the coupling loop area is but a small fraction of the cross-sectional area of the cavity resonator, it links but a correspondingly small fraction of the magnetic flux and sumces to abstract only a correspondingly small amount of power. Furthermore. adjustment of the area or orientation of such coupling loop to link more or less of the magnetic flux within the cavity, is beset by such diniculties that it is customary to build the coupling loop as an integral part of the device. with the result that the power abstracted is not subject to change at the will of the operator. but can be altered only by a completely new construction based on a new design.
  • the present invention is based upon the discovery that in a magnetron of the solid anode type the cavity resonators, though geometrically separate. are electromagnetically lntercoupled, inasmuch as some of the high frequency magnetic llux lines which link any one cavity bend over at the ends or the structures to link other cavities, thus roviding a mutual impedance coupling between the members of each pair of adjacent cavities, and providing, also. regions of relatively dense mutual ilux at which desired couplings may be effected, alternating with regions at which the mutual flux density is much reduced, at which regions conductors may be led into the end space without appreciable unwanted coupling. The magnitude of this mutual impedance as compared with the sell-impedance of each cavity depends.
  • an output power coupling loop which links only the mutual flux which is common to two or more of the cavity resonators. It may extend into the end space oi the magnetron through a suitable seal and make contact with the anode block in the vicinity of the central discharge space, in position to link a portion of the flux which is common to two adjacent cavities.
  • the loop lies in a plane midway between two adjacent cavities.
  • the amount of flux which is linked by the loop and the amount of power abstracted may easily be varied by varying the loop area, for example, by advancing or withdrawing the loop in a radial direction while its end slides over the end of the machined anode block.
  • a plurality of such loops may be provided. They may supply energy to a common utilization circuit, phase shifting means being employed to adjust the phases of the currents so withdrawn until they are alike, or. if preierred. the coupling loops may be tuned and employed as trimmers to adjust the oscillation frequency of the magnetron to a desired value.
  • the central cathode may be supplied with operating potential and its heater element with current by way of conductors which extend radially into the magnetron end space in the plane of the axis of one of the cavity resonators, about which plane the flux from each cavity divides substantially equally, half passing to the adjacent cavity on one side and the other half to the adjacent cavity on the other side.
  • Fig. l is a plan view of a cavity-tuned magnetron provided with a plurality of mutual inductance coupling loops and a cathode supply lead disposed in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a broken vertical cross section of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of a magnetron similar to that of Fig. 1 but in which the intercavity coupling has been increased by a reduction of the separation distance between cavities;
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of a magnetron similar to that of Fig. 1 but in which the intercavity coupling has been reduced by the use of elongated cavities;
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of a part oi a magnetron similar to that of Fig. 1 but in which the intercavity coupling has been further reduced by the employment of narrow parallel-sided slots as tuning cavities;
  • Fig. 6 is an end view of a magnetron similar to that of Fig. l but in which certain of the coupling loops are arranged to supply energy to a common utilization circuit.
  • the body of the magnetron may comprise a comparatively massive block ll of conductive material such as copper, into which are cut as by drilling, a central discharge space l2 and a plurality oi resonant cavities ll surroundin the same and symmetrically disposed about it.
  • Each of the cavities ll opens on to the discharge space l2 through a channel or slot it which serves as a coupling means between the energy or movement of the electrons in the discharge space l2 and the electromagnetic held within the cavities ll.
  • the cylindrical surfaces I8 between channels Ii serve as anode surfaces.
  • the anode block Iii is preferably mounted centrally in a cylindrical shell or casing of cmductive material such as copper, connected thereto. If preferred, anode block I and shell 20 may be machined from a single solid mass. In either case the shell may be closed at the end by plates 22 which serve both to exclude air and gases and to define the end spaces 24 in which the mutual flux 26 common to adjacent cavities exists. These end plates may be flat, or they may be recessed as shown, the better to concentrate the mutual flux 26 in the vicinity of the coupling loops to be described.
  • a central cathode for example an elongated cylindrical element 28, whose surface is rendered electron emissive by suitable treatment may be mounted centrally in the discharge space l2 and supported in place as by conductive rods 30.
  • heat may be applied thereto as by a heating element 32 which may be embedded in ceramic material within the cathode 28 and electrically connected thereto.
  • the heater 32 may be supplied from any suitable source such as a battery 34, for example, by way of the cathode supports 30 which may be brought into the end spaces 24 through insulating seals 38.
  • the heater leads will be maintained at or close to the cathode potential which is highly negative with respect to the anode block ill and the end plates 22 which define the end spaces 24 through which th heater leads Ill reach the cathode 28 and the heater 32.
  • the electromagnetic fields within the end spaces 24 due to the presence of the low potential heater leads and also to prevent high frequency induction therein and consequent power loss they are preferably brought into the end spaces in the plane of the axis of one of the tuning cavities l4.
  • the mutual flux lines 26 emerging from the cavity ll pass to either side of the heater leads 3! in such a way that only a negligible quantity of this flux links the heater leads.
  • this expedient coupling between the heater leads and the electromagnetic flelds in the end spaces may be reduced to a negligible value.
  • the apparatus hasheenwellstartedmerelyby bombardment thereof by electrons which orisi nate on the cathode surface, travel into the discharge space and partway through their orbits and return at high velocities to the cathode.
  • the cathode It may he provided with end discs 38 to maintain space charge conditions within the discharge space at desired values and reduce losses due to the escape of working electrons into the endspaces ofthedevica'
  • Operating voltage may be applled'between cathode a and anode block ill from a suitable source, for example, a battery 40 whose negative terminal is connected to the cathode II and whose positive terminal is connected to the anode block it and easing II which, since it is external to the cathode and liable to be touched by the hands of an attendant, may be connected to ground.
  • a varying voltage e. g., a succession of pulses or a low frequency signal voltage of any desired type, may be applied to are anode II to eifect modulation of the oscillaons.
  • An axial magnetic field may be supplied in any desired manner, as by a coil ll carrying a steady current in accordance with known practice.
  • power may be abstracted by way oi a loop which links only the flux 28 which is mutual to two adjacent cavities II.
  • a loop ofa convenient and suitable form may comprise a rod 42 which extends radially inward from the outside through the casing 20 into the end space 24 of the magnetron and there bends over to make contact with the end face of the anode block In as at 44.
  • its course lies in a plane midway between two adjacent cavities il. It may be brought into the end space 24 by way of a flexible seal I. so that the exact position at which its bent tip ll makes contact with the end face of the anode block Ill maybe varied at will simply by advancing or withdrawing the rod 42. Power withdrawn by way of this loop may be led over any suitable transmission path to a suitable load or utilization circuit schematically indicated by the resistor It.
  • a plurality of mutual inductance coupling loops Ill all of which may be alike and similar to the energy abstraction loop I! extend radially inward into the end space It preferably symmetrically disposed about the same.
  • the outward extension of each of these loops ll may form the inner conductor of a coaxial line whose conductor is a tube 52 connected to the magnetron casing 20 at one end and coupled to the inner conductor II by way of a conductive disc 54 whose axial position is adjustable.
  • a handle it. for example, of insulating material, may be provided to facilitate adjustment of the coupling disc axially of the tube II.
  • the inner conductors I. may be advanced or withdrawn as desired to alter the amount of iiux linked by the inwardly bent portion thereof by way of a suitable flexible connectiou.
  • Fig. 3 shows a simplified plan view of a magnetron having cavities ll of this modified form. They may conveniently have the form of intersecting circles being constructed by drilling two holes on centers which are spaced apart by less than their diameters.
  • the intercavity couplings may be reduced, for a given resonant frequency of the cavities, by the use of cavities of radially elongated cross sections.
  • Such elongated cavities ll! may have radial sides as shown in Fig. 4 or they may be simple parallel-sides slots 62 as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the cavity shape is intimately related with the number of cavities to be empioyed.
  • Fig. 6 is a plan view of a modification in which the mutual inductance coupling loops of the invention are arranged for simultaneous supply of oscillation energy to a common load.
  • Four such loops 64 are provided, symmetrically disposed about the periphery of the magnetron discharge space I2. Provision may be made for varying the eflective areas of these loops in a manner similar to that hereinabove described in connection with Fig. 1. Means for this purpose have. in the interests of simplicity, been omitted from the drawings.
  • a high frequency magnetron device having a plurality of spaced anode surfaces interconnected by a like plurality of open-ended cavity resonators, and in which adjacent anode surfaces and cavities are intercoupled by high frequency electromagnetic fields existing in a, region adjacent the open ends of said resonators, means for withdrawing oscillatory energy from said device which comprises a conductor extending into the end space of said device and disposed adjacent said open resonator ends in a plane substantially midway between two adjacent cavities in position to link a part of the magnetic flux which is common to said resonators andto avoid linking flux which is exclusively associated with either one of said resonators singly.
  • electromagnetic oscillation apparatus which comprises at least two irequency-determining cavity resonators, said resonators having openings so juxtaposed as to provide a path from one of said resonators into another of said resonators for the mutual oscillatory magnetic flux which is common to both of said resonators, and means for abstracting energy from said resonators without introducing excessive asymmetry into the field patterns of said resonators, comprising a conductive loop disposed externally of both of said resonators and substantially midway along said path in position to link a portion of said mutual flux.
  • the combination, in electromagnetic oscillation apparatus which comprises at least two frequency-determining cavity resonators, said resonators having openings so juxtaposed as to provide a path from one of said resonators into another of said resonators for the mutual oscillatory magnetic flux which is common to both of said resonators, said mutual flux providing a coupling between said resonators, and means for adjusting the common oscillation frequency of said coupled resonators to a desired value, comprising an auxiliary resonant device disposed externally of both of said resonators and coupled to said mutual flux, and means for tuning said auxiliary resonant device.
  • the combination, in ele oscillation apparatus which comprises a plurality of frequency-determining cavity resonators, said resonators having openings so mutually juxtaposed as to provide a path from each of said resonators into another of said resonators for the mutual oscillatory magnetic flux which is common to both of said resonators, said mutual flux providing a coupling between said resonators, and means for abstracting energy from said resonators without introducing excessive asymmetry into the field patterns of said resonators, comprising a plurality of conductive loops. each disposed externally of said resonators in position to link a portion of the mutual flux existing along one of said paths.
  • the combination, in electromagnetic oscillation apparatus which comprises a plurality of frequency-determining cavity resonators, said resonators having openings so mutually juxtaposed as to provide a path from each of said resonators into another of said resonators for the mutual oscillatory magnetic flux which is common to both of said resonators, said mutual flux providing a coupling between said resonators.
  • means for adjusting the common oscillation frequency of all of said intercoupied resonators to a desired value comprising a plurality of auxiliary resonant devices disposed externally of said resonators and coupled to said mutual flux, and means for tuning each of said auxiliary resonator devices.
  • means for withdrawing oscillatory energy from said device which comprises a plurality of coupling loops symmetrically disposed with respect to the axis of said device, each arranged to link a part of the oscillatory magnetic field of said resonators without excessive loadin phase adjusting means coupled to certain of said separate coupling loops for bringing currents withdrawn from said device y said loops into cophasal relation with each other, and common utilization means for said separately withdrawn currents.
  • means for adjusting the frequency of oscillation of said device to a desired value which comprises a plurality of conductors each disposed in the plane of one of said separating walls and beyond the end thereof which is adjacent to said open resonator ends in position to link a part of the magnetic fiux which is common to said resonators and extending outward of said device to become the inner conductor of a coaxial line, a tubular conductor surrounding each of said outwardly extending parts, connected to an outer boundary wall of said device and constituting the outer conductor of said coaxial line, and adjustable tuning means coupling each of said inner conductors to the tubuiar member which surrounds it at a desired distance from the axis of said device.
  • a high frequency magnetron device having a plurality of circularly disposed spaced anode surfaces defining a central discharge space, a plurality of open-ended cavity resonators disposed about said central discharge space, an end plate which, with the ends of said anode surfaces adjacent said open resonator ends defines a region in which there exists a high frequency electromagnetic flux intercoupling said resonators, which flux emerges from one of said open resonator ends and divides substantially evenly about a plane containing the axis of said resonator, the flux portion on each side of said division plane passing to an adjacent resonator on the same side of said plane, an electrode within said discharge space, and means for applying a potential to said last-named electrode which comprises a conductor extending inward of said device from the outside thereof and through said flux-containing region to said last-named electrode, said conductor lying in said division plane substantially throughout its length, whereby coupling between said conductor and said fill is reduced to a minimum.
  • a high frequency electrical oscillator of the magnetron type comprising a substantially cylindrical anode of conducting material having therein a plurality of electromagnetically coupled cavity resonators each of which opens into a central space within said anode, said central space and resonator cavities opening at their ends into common end spaces defined by said anode, conductive end plates joined to said anode at both ends and providing therewith a substantially complete conducting envelope enclosing said resonator cavities and the chamber formed by said spaces, and adjustable power-output means comprising a hook-ended conductor extending inwardly of one of said end spaces and through its wall, lying in a plane substantially midway between two adjacent cavity resonators in position to link electromagnetic flux which is common to said two resonators, the hooked end of said conductor being in electrical contact with an end of said anode, said conductor being movable to facilitate adjustment of the amount of said flux linked.
  • a high frequency electrical oscillator of the magnetron type comprising a substantially cylindrical anode of conducting material having therein a plurality of electromagnetically coupled cavity resonators each of which opens into a central space within said anode, said central space and resonator cavities opening at their ends into common end spaces defined by said anode.
  • adjustable poweroutput means comprising a plurality of hookended conductors extending inwardly of one of said end spaces andthrough its wall, each lying in a plane substantially midway between two adjacent cavity resonators in position to link magnetic flux which is common to said two resonators, the hooked end of each of said conductors being in electrical contact with an end of said anode, each of said conductors being movable to facilitate adjustment of the amount of said flux linked, and tunable means for supplying the outputs of all of said conductors in phase to a common utilization circuit.
  • a high frequency electrical oscillator of the magnetron type comprising a substantially cylindrical anode of conducting material having therein a plurality of electromagnetically coupled cavity resonators each of which opens into a central space within said anode, said central space and resonator cavities opening at their ends into common end spaces defined by said anode, conductive end plates joined to said anode at both ends and providing therewith a substantially complete conducting envelope enclosing said resonator cavities and the chamber formed by said spaces, and adjustable power-output means comprising a plurality of hook-ended conductors extending inwardly of one of said end spaces and through its wall, each lying in a plane substantially midway between two adjacent cavity resonators in position to link magnetic flux which is common to said two resonators, the hooked end of each of said conductors being in electrical contact with an end of said anode, each or said conductors being movable to facilitate adjustment of the amount 01 said fiux linked, and being individually connected to the inner conductors of a like pluralit
  • a high frequency electrical oscillator of the magnetron type comprising a substantially cylindrical anode of conducting material having therein a plurality of electromagnetically coupled cavity resonators each of which opens into a central space within said anode, said central space and resonator cavities opening at their ends into common end spaces defined by said anode, conductive end plates joined to said anode at both ends and providing therewith a.

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US441406A 1942-05-01 1942-05-01 Output coupling for high-frequency oscillators Expired - Lifetime US2411151A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL129021D NL129021B (nl) 1942-05-01
US441406A US2411151A (en) 1942-05-01 1942-05-01 Output coupling for high-frequency oscillators
GB6670/43A GB574943A (en) 1942-05-01 1943-04-27 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge apparatus for producing high frequency electrical oscillations
FR938692D FR938692A (fr) 1942-05-01 1946-10-24 Perfectionnements aux appareils à décharge électronique pour la production d'oscillations électriques à haute fréquence

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FR (1) FR938692A (nl)
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NL (1) NL129021B (nl)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2446572A (en) * 1941-04-11 1948-08-10 Emi Ltd Damping circuit embodying electron discharge devices of the velocity modulation type
US2458142A (en) * 1944-03-08 1949-01-04 Rca Corp Electrode assembly for electron discharge devices
US2466060A (en) * 1945-03-31 1949-04-05 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device
US2478644A (en) * 1943-10-23 1949-08-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Electrical discharge device of the magnetron type
US2481151A (en) * 1944-04-13 1949-09-06 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device
US2493091A (en) * 1946-04-06 1950-01-03 Rca Corp Frequency modulation system
US2564716A (en) * 1942-10-01 1951-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetron and method of manufacture
US2589903A (en) * 1946-03-04 1952-03-18 Us Sec War Tunable magnetron oscillator
US2591976A (en) * 1945-03-22 1952-04-08 Rca Corp Electron discharge device utilizing cavity resonators
US2594954A (en) * 1949-09-07 1952-04-29 Fr Sadir Carpentier Soc High-frequency amplifying system
US2605445A (en) * 1947-05-08 1952-07-29 Herbert J Reich Magnetron
US2607017A (en) * 1947-08-28 1952-08-12 Csf Multiple cavity resonator
US2659028A (en) * 1945-11-06 1953-11-10 Robert L Kyhl Tunable magnetron circuit
US2659029A (en) * 1945-11-16 1953-11-10 Albert M Clogston Tunable magnetron circuit
US2659025A (en) * 1946-03-29 1953-11-10 William H Huggins Reflex klystron oscillator
US2667601A (en) * 1946-02-18 1954-01-26 Edward M Purcell Slot type magnetron
US2708222A (en) * 1946-03-14 1955-05-10 Melvin A Herlin Wide tuning stabilizer
US2710364A (en) * 1949-01-17 1955-06-07 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Cavity resonator magnetron
US2737610A (en) * 1945-11-16 1956-03-06 Royal P Allaire Tunable magnetron circuit
US2747137A (en) * 1945-05-12 1956-05-22 Gen Electric High frequency electrical apparatus
US2824999A (en) * 1946-02-21 1958-02-25 Laurence R Walker Anode block for magnetrons
US2832050A (en) * 1945-03-22 1958-04-22 Rca Corp Electron discharge devices

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL180584B (nl) * 1952-08-19 Shell Int Research Werkwijze ter bereiding van een preparaat met herbicide eigenschappen en werkwijze voor het bereiden van daarvoor geschikte n-benzoyl-n-(halogeenfenyl)alaninederivaten.
NL202111A (nl) * 1955-01-03

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2446572A (en) * 1941-04-11 1948-08-10 Emi Ltd Damping circuit embodying electron discharge devices of the velocity modulation type
US2564716A (en) * 1942-10-01 1951-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetron and method of manufacture
US2478644A (en) * 1943-10-23 1949-08-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Electrical discharge device of the magnetron type
US2458142A (en) * 1944-03-08 1949-01-04 Rca Corp Electrode assembly for electron discharge devices
US2481151A (en) * 1944-04-13 1949-09-06 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device
US2591976A (en) * 1945-03-22 1952-04-08 Rca Corp Electron discharge device utilizing cavity resonators
US2832050A (en) * 1945-03-22 1958-04-22 Rca Corp Electron discharge devices
US2466060A (en) * 1945-03-31 1949-04-05 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device
US2747137A (en) * 1945-05-12 1956-05-22 Gen Electric High frequency electrical apparatus
US2659028A (en) * 1945-11-06 1953-11-10 Robert L Kyhl Tunable magnetron circuit
US2737610A (en) * 1945-11-16 1956-03-06 Royal P Allaire Tunable magnetron circuit
US2659029A (en) * 1945-11-16 1953-11-10 Albert M Clogston Tunable magnetron circuit
US2667601A (en) * 1946-02-18 1954-01-26 Edward M Purcell Slot type magnetron
US2824999A (en) * 1946-02-21 1958-02-25 Laurence R Walker Anode block for magnetrons
US2589903A (en) * 1946-03-04 1952-03-18 Us Sec War Tunable magnetron oscillator
US2708222A (en) * 1946-03-14 1955-05-10 Melvin A Herlin Wide tuning stabilizer
US2659025A (en) * 1946-03-29 1953-11-10 William H Huggins Reflex klystron oscillator
US2493091A (en) * 1946-04-06 1950-01-03 Rca Corp Frequency modulation system
US2605445A (en) * 1947-05-08 1952-07-29 Herbert J Reich Magnetron
US2607017A (en) * 1947-08-28 1952-08-12 Csf Multiple cavity resonator
US2710364A (en) * 1949-01-17 1955-06-07 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Cavity resonator magnetron
US2594954A (en) * 1949-09-07 1952-04-29 Fr Sadir Carpentier Soc High-frequency amplifying system

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Publication number Publication date
GB574943A (en) 1946-01-28
NL129021B (nl)
FR938692A (fr) 1948-10-21

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