US2405256A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 6, 1946. D, J K T AL 2,495,256

HEAT EXCHANGER Filed Feb. l0, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet l- Q'INVENTORS DELBIRTE-J'ACK BY muauasau okR. r 046w:

ATTORN EYS Aug; 6, 146. D. E. JACK ET AL 2,405,256 HEAT EXCHAN-GER Filed Feb. 10, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS nnssm amen auesaumtn,

ATTORNEYS Ange 1946.

D. E. JACK ET AL I HEAT EXCHANGER- Filed Feb. 10, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEYS D. E. JACK ETAL 2,405,256

HEAT EXCHANGER Filed Feb. 10, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 m E a m m m ,3 a

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INVENTORS @ELEERT E. JACK,

DALE. AUGSBURGER,

6, 1946- D. E. JACK ET AL 2,405,256

HEA T EXCHANGER Filed Feb. 10, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 5' NVENTORS DELBERTEJ'ACK. BYDALE AUGSBURGER,

H8- g +V ATTCRNEYS Patented Aug. 6, 1946 FEFHCE 7 HEAT EXCHANGER I Delbert E. Jack and Dale Augsburger, Dayton, Ohio, assignors to The Duriron Company, Inc.,

Dayton,

Ohio, a corporation of New York Application February 10, 1945 Serial N0. 577,190

6 Claims. (Cl. 257245) The present invention relates to heat exchange apparatus. In the arts, a number of instances present themselves in which it is desired to elevate the temperature of large quantities of fluid by abstracting the necessary heat from another fluid maintained at a higher temperature. In certain other installations there is also the need of cooling large quantities offluid by abstracting therefrom the undesired heat and this loss of heat is most conveniently caused by passing a, fluid of lower temperature in heat abstracting relation to the fluid to be cooled. For example, in the acid handling and control industry it is commonly desirable to cool the acid as it is being manufactured in order to facilitate the filling of drums for shipment.

Considerable difficulty has been encountered heretofore in the manufacture and assembly of heat exchanger parts due to the exacting conditions under which the sections must be held together in order to prevent leakage between the various passageways through which the fluids are passing. This difliculty is enhanced in proportion to the pressure of the fluids being handled because the resulting leakage served to reduce the heat exchange eifects of the grooves or passageways through which the fluids are traveling. It will be understood that it is diflicult, if not impossible, to bolt the sections together at the areas over which the fluids are moving. Leakage would necessarily be involved since bolts at these places would leave cracks or other escape openings for the fluids, causing them to intermingle within the apparatus.

The primary object of the invention is to provide an improved heat exchange apparatus which is so constructed that even in the large unit sizes calling for sections of considerable diameter and a large number of sections the joints between the sections can be made fluid tight so that when a series of grooves are provided in the sections. at the abutting surfaces, the fluid or fluids passing through these grooves are constrained to theirown passageways and there is no leakage between grooves.

Another object is to provide heat exchange apparatus formed in a plurality of sections in contact with one another with passageways formed at the contacting surfaces and in which the sections are secured together at their outer portions but in such a manner that there is no leakage between the various sets of grooves.

Still another object is to provide heat exchange apparatus formed of a plurality of grooved sections in which the sections are secured together in an improved manner in order toeliminate leakage between the grooves.

Still another object is to provide heat exchange apparatus in which the grooved sections are made such that when secured together suflicient springiness is obtained between the sections to cause the sectionsto contact one another over the grooved areas without leakage and regardless of the pressure of the fluid.

Another object is to provide improved heat exchange apparatus formed of'a plurality of sections stacked and suitably bolted, the sections being provided with grooves which register with one another when the sections are assembled together. The grooves in the improved structure are such as to provide a series flow for the various fluids or a multiple pass flow without necessitating radical changes in the apparatus in order to convert from one type of flow to another.

A still further object is to provide an improved heat exchanger of simple and relatively inexpensive construction and one which is adapted to accommodate large quantities of fluid while using the minimum amount of metal for constraining the fluid or fluids to pass through the designated channels in the apparatus.

The invention will be better understood when reference is made to the following description and the drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents a plan view of the improved heat exchanger which employs some of the principles of our invention. This view is taken looking downwardly on the heat exchanger.

Fig. 2 is a schematic View of the structure shown in Fig. 1 but on a somewhat smaller scale and indicating the path taken by a particular fluid in passing from the inlet to the outlet of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 3 is an elevational View of the heat exchanger shown in Fig. l with theouter shield or casing partly cut-away in order toexpose the interior parts.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional View taken along line 4-4 in Fig. 1 and showing the positional relationship between the inlet for one of the fluids together with the necessary supporting plates and clamping structures.

Fig. 5 is a relatively small elevational view, partly in section of one of the conically shaped heat exchanger sections which are arranged in nested relation to form the heat exchanger Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional View somewhat enlarged showing a modified form of a conical section designed to provide diflerently shaped passageways from those obtained in the Fig. 8 is considerably enlarged in order to show more clearly the position and arrangement ofthe various passageways and their interconnecting compartments Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional" view, with the" support base removed, of a modified form of heat exchanger in which either or both of the fluids are caused to pass through the structure in a v different manner from the structure shownin Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 shows still another modified'form of heat exchanger in which the fluids pass'through the structure differently from the structures shown in Figs. 8 and 9.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 8, the heat exchanger apparatus is supported on an outwardly flared heavy base member indicated at l which is placed on the floor and if desired may be bolted thereto as indicated by the bosses 2. There is a heavy plate member 3 forming part of the base member I and this member directly supports the various sections of the heat exchanger.

A sheet metal shield 4 surrounds the plate member 3 and conveniently rests on the member by means of a circular ledge 5 so that the shield can be readilyremoved. The plate member'3 is provided with a number of bolt openings 6 at its outer area to receive the long shanked bolts 1 which extend upwardly throughout the height of the heat exchanger.

The latter is formed of a number of conically shaped sections which will be described in'detail hereinafter all held together at their outer edges by means of a pair of spaced plates 8, 9 which are secured together by the bolts I. The plate 8 is drawn downwardly onto the uppermost heat exchanger section by means of nuts Ill which abut the springs H. The specific manner in which plates 8 and 9 serve to clamp the sections of the heat exchanger together will be apparent when the sections have been described in detail. The lower clamping plate 9 is drawn downwardly against the main support plate 3 by means of a series of nut 12.

As shown more particularly in Figs. 5 and 8. the heat exchanger sections l3 to It inclusive are given broadly a conical configuration for reasons which will be pointed out hereinafter and in addition are provided with helical grooves and corresponding ridges indicated at l9 and 2 respectively, which when the sections are nested together form a number of series of inter-connecting passageways 2|.

Each section at the bottom terminates in a relatively large circular flange portion 22' which portions register with one another when the sections' are placed in position. The lowermost section l8 has its flange portion extended as indicated at 23 so as to provide a circular ledge for receiving the clamping ring or plate 9. 7

It has been pointed out in connection with Fi 4 that the plate or ring 9 is bolted to the plate 3 by means of nuts l2. In addition to the circular flange portions each section 13 to I 8' is provided with two pairs of adjacently positioned semi-circular extension 24, 25 in which there is a circular hole 26, 21. As shown in Fig. 1, the holes 21 are disposed oppositely to one another as are also the holes 26. Thus, when the sections are positioned together, i. e., on top of one another in nested relation, the openings 26, 21 and the enlargements 24, 25 form two pairs of compartments of which one pair is positioned diametrally opposite the other pair and a com- -'-partment of each pair is immediately adjacent a compartment of the other pair. One pair of diametrally disposed compartments which is indicated as for handling acid to be cooled or heated, is designated generally by reference character 28. The remaining pair of compartments which are also diametrically positioned but are displaced from compartments 28 and intended to receive heating or cooling fluid such as water is generally designated 29.

The upper and lower clamping plates or rings 8-and 9 respectively are given a shape at their inner'peripheries as to follow the shape of the outer surfaces of the upper-most and lower-most sections l3 and 18 respectively with suftlcient overlap as to provide a clamping effect against the outer portions of these sections when the nuts i6 and I2 are tightened. Thus, the sections 13 to IE are held'together solely at their peripheries by the rings 8 and 9. The upper ends of the.compartments 28, 29 are closed by removable caps 30 (Fig. 8) which are also clamped in position by means of a C-shaped strap 3! which extends over two adjacent caps as indicated in Fig. 1.

Each strap 3| is bolted as indicated at 32 to the main support plate 3. A spring 33 may be interposed between the nut 34 and the upper surface of the clamp 3| (Fig. 4). A spring 35 may be interposed between a nut 36 at the position where the bolts 32 pass through the clamping ring 8 as is also indicated at Fig. 4. These bolts 32,01 which there are two, one for each clamp member 3!, are also bolted to the lower clamp ring 9 as indicated at 31 and a nut 38 tightens the lowermost end of the bolt against the main support plate 3.

The lower ends of the compartments 28 as shown in Fig. 8 terminate in a heavy angularly shaped conduit 39 which is provided with a shoulder 4!! and a circular plate member 4! reinforced as indicated at 42 can be pressed against the shoulder 49 by means of a number of equid stantly spaced bolts 43 to hold the flange 44 tightly against the lower surface of the lower section I8. The arrangement is such that liquid, for example acid can be introduced into the conduit 39 and pass up through one of the compartments 28 and after traveling through the heat exchanger in a manner which will be described presently, will reach the diametrally disposed compartment 28 and flow downwardly through the oppositely positioned conduit 39 which serves as an outlet.

The sections l3 to l8 may take a number of diflerent shapes but conform generally to a conical configuration as indicated in Fig. 5 and the converging surfaces of the cone are provided with corrugations or other projections indicated at gether form grooves.

These corrugations and the grooves formed thereby encircle the conical surface, preferably as adouble helix, the plan View of which is diarammatically illustrated in Fig. 2. It will be 19 and 20 which, when the sections are fitted tonoted for example, if the lower left hand compartment 28 were considered the inlet for fluid such as acid which would pass through the ascen ing helical groove 45 formed partly by the depressions I9 of the conical section and in part by the mating depressions of the adjacent conical section. When the fluid reaches the top portion 45 of a given section after traveling through the helical passageway, the latter is caused to reverse and the fluid travels downwardly through a set of grooves which is intermediate the ascending set to finally reach the outlet 28 shown in the upper righthand portion of the figure.

The flow of the fluid can be readily traced from the showing in Fig. 2 in which the inlet 28 and the ascending and descending portions of the helical passageway are designated by arrows.

It will be obvious that by reason of the double helix effect in which the fluid passes through a continuous groove upwardly along the conical surface and then downwardly through an intermediate groove the'fluid actually flows in opposite directions in adjacent grooves. It will be further noted that the top portion 45 of each conical section provides an open compartment in which there are no grooves, the function of this compartment being to permit readily reversal of the fluid after it leaves the ascending groove and prepares to enter the descending passageway. In this manner eddies and frictional resistance to flow are prevented.

The heating medium inlet compartment 29 is constructed somewhat differently from the acid inlet compartment 28 but the heating medium and acid outlet compartments have substantially the same form. The reason for the difference in the acid and water inlets is mainly because the water is usuall applied to the heat exchanger under considerable pressure and this pressure preferably should be reduced before the water enters the exchanger. For this reason a pipe 41 (Fig. 4) is provided. This pipe extends through the center of the water inlet compartment 29 and is provided at its upper end with threads 53 (Figs. 4. and 7) to which is screwed a hollow cylindrical cap to closed at the top by a hemispherical portion. The cap is provided with a plurality of equidistantly spaced ribs 5| with openings 52 therebetween. The interior of the cap communicates with the interior of compartment 29 through the openings 52 and also communicates with the interior of the pipe 4! through the opening at the end of the pipe. Thus, as water under pressure is forced through the pipe, this water will pass through the end opening of the pipe into the interior of the cap and will return downwardly through the openings 52 into the compartment as a circumferential layer at reduced pressure. Thus, the cap 50 serves in effect to take up and reduce the impact of the water column which tends to move at a fast Velocity through the pipe 41.

There are lateral outlets from the compartment 29 leading to helical grooves formed in the heat exchanger similar to those that were explained in connection with the flow of acid and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

It will be seen from a studyof Fig. 8, that the upper surfaces of the grooves and corrugations formed in the various sections constitute when mated with corresponding grooves and corrugations of the adjacent sections a series of passageways for the acid, and the lower grooves and corrugations on the same sections constitute when mated with corresponding grooves and corruga- 6 tions of the adjacent sections, passageways for the water. Thus the passageways for the acid are interposed in the vertical direction between the passageways for the water.

The corrugated or projecting portions of each of the sections come in contact with one another when the various nuts ID are tightened which serve to apply a clamping pressure between the sections so that the various passageways are completely independent of one another except through the helical path or paths thus formed. There can be therefore no short circuiting or leakage of water or acid between directly adjacent passageways and the acid is kept entirely separate from the water by the tightness of each joint.

It has already been explained that the bulge portion 25 of the circular flanges 22 form the acid compartments 28 and the water compartments 29. The tightness of the flange serves to determine the distance apart that the sections I3 to I8 assume when these flanges 22 are tightly bolted together at the nuts It]. It is also apparent that the nuts 34 at the two diametric positions on the heat exchanger also serve to clamp the sections together at the compartments 28 and 29 since these bolts press downwardly on the straps3l which in turn rest on the caps 30. In order to prevent even the slightest possibility of leakage at the upper and lower surfaces of the flanges 22 and particularly at the bulge positions 25 where the compartments are located, gaskets 54 of any suitable material, soft metal or synthetic rubber may be employed and the thickness of this gasket also serves to give a flne determination of the spacing between the sections I3 to H! and may be so calculated that when the nuts l5 are tightened in a proper manner registry is established between the corrugated portions of adjacent sections.

Openings 55 are provided between each of the compartments 28 and the alternate sets of helical grooves so that an acid can be caused to travel through the conduit 39, and a portion will follow the arrow 56 then through the lower set of passageways indicated at 5'! as explained hereinbefore, finally emerging at the opposite side of the heat exchanger through the opening 55. After leaving this opening the acid will flow downwardly as indicated by the arrow 58 into the discharge conduit 39. Another portion of the acid passing through the inlet conduit 39 will flow upwardly through the inlet compartment 28 and follow the arrow 59 passing through the grooves Ell and then through the opening 55 into the outlet compartment 28. Still a third portion of the acid passing through the inlet conduit 39 will reach the uppermost opening 55 in the inlet compartment 28 and following the arrow 6| will pass through the uppermost set of grooves 62 finally emerging at the opening 55 in the outlet compartment 28 and following the arrow 63 to join the acid which had passed through the grooves 5! and 60. Thus, separate portions of the acid pass through the respective grooves 51, 50 and 62, each traveling through the heat exchanger once and all traveling through the ascending portion of its respective groove until it reaches the top of the conical section and then traveling down the descending portion of the groove until it reaches the opening at the opposite side of the heat exchanger as was explained in connection with Fig. 2.

The water takes a path quite similar to that which has been described in connection with the acid except that the water has its own inlet and outlet compartments 29. Openings (not shown) are provided between each of these compartments and the grooves 64, 65 whichare positioned vertically intermediate the acid grooves 51, 60 and 62 so that a portion of the water will pass through the heat exchanger from the inlet to the outlet compartment 29'through the groove 64 and another portion will pass through the heat exchanger through the groove 65. The water grooves are preferably similar to those described in connection with the acid grooves in that they form a double reverse helix as the water is caused to flow first upwardly to the apex of the conical section and then downwardly (Fig. 2).

Thus, it is seen that'the acid makes three passes through the heat exchanger, separate portions of the acid passing through the heat exchanger in multiple paths. Separate portions of the water likewise pass once through the heat exchanger and these paths are positioned intermediate the acid paths, Consequently if the acid is at an elevated temperature with respect to the water the latter serves to cool the acid as its heat absorbing effects are transferred through the walls of the sections.

The advantage of forming the sections l3 to l8 of a conical configuration rather than in a substantially flat shape is that considerable springiness is obtained at any point of contact when clamping pressure is exercised at the peripheries of the sections. 'It is apparent that these clamping effects tend td apply tensile stresses along the lengths of the metal walls which in turn causes a contraction in the vertical direction between the sections, thus assuring a substantially fluid tight contact between the corrugations of the adjacent sections. While we have described our invention from the standpoint of employing a relatively small number of sections providing three multiple passes for the acid and two for the coolant, it will be understood that" the construction is such that any number of sections can be employed to an advantage and in Fig. 3 we have indicated at least thirteen sectionsl The improved heat exchanger lends itself equally well to a'hot fluid heater in that a cool fluid can .be passed through the grooves '51, 60, 62 and a heated fluid through the intermediate grooves 54 and 65 in order to transfer heat from the latter fluid to the cool fluid, in fact, there is no limit as to the uses to which the heat exchanger may be adapted since it operates on the principle of transferring heat from one medium, liquid or gas, to another medium.

Instead of providing the sections l3 to it with circular grooves and depressions we may, if desired, give these grooves and corrugations a substantially rectangular shape as shown in Fig. 6. This particular shape of groove and corrugation lends itself particularly well to a machining operation of the surfaces indicated at 66 in order to provide flat surfaces at the points of registry and thereby completely assure guiding channels at these places.

We have also found that sections made in accordance with theshape shown in Fig. 6 are easy'to cast and the grooves or passageways may be made relatively small in width but of considerable length, which in efiect assures extensive contact between the cooling or heating fluid and the walls of the sections. Thus, the efficiency of heat transference between the moving fluid in one set of passageways and the fluid in the adjacent set of passageways is increased.

It was explained in connection with Fig. 8 that portions of each of the water and acid pass through different portions of the heat eXchanger. If desired, the entire quantity of acid or water may be required to pass any predetermined number of times through the heat exchanger as a multiple or series arrangement. The advantage of structure of this particular type is that the inlet-and outlet compartments can be positioned at the same side of the heat exchanger rather than at diametrally disposed positions.

In Fig. 9 the lower conduit 39 for the inlet fluid may be secured to the enlarged flange portion 25 of the lower most section 68 in any suitable and well-known manner. This flange portion has an opening 69 therein which constitutes the inlet. There is an opening Ii! extending from the opening 69 into the grooves H between the sections 68 and 12. At the opposite side of the heat exchanger the section 68 is provided with an opening 13 which forms in part the discharge compartment and its opening 14 leading from the grooves 1| into the compartment 13.

The section 12 at the inlet or left hand side as shown in Fig. 9 is solid at the positions indicated at 15 directly above the opening 69 so as to close off that opening. However, the section 12 has an opening 16 in register with opening 13 thus also forming part of the discharge compartment. The section 11 is provided with a wall I8 directly above the wall 15 at the left hand side of the structure and at the diametrally opposite position there is provided an opening 19. The fourth section up from the bottom on the exchanger 89 is provided with an opening 8% at the left hand side but at the opposite side there is a wall 82 which closes off the outlet compartment. An opening 83 permits communication between the grooves 84 and the outlet compartment which is formed of the openings l3, l6 and 19. A wall 85 is provided on the section 86 similar to the wall 82 and directly above. This wall constitutes the bottom of a compartment 8'! the top of which is closed by a wall 88 which! v forms a part of the upper-most section 89. The

section 90 is provided witha wall 9| directly above the wall 19 as is also the remaining section 92. The upper-most section 89 is provided with an opening 93 which registers with the interior of the upper discharge conduit 94.

There are horizontally extending openings 95 and 96 for connecting the grooves 91 and 98 respectively to the interior of the compartment 81. There is also a horizontally extending opening 99 interconnecting the groove N30 with the opening 93, and similar openings Hit and 1:12 connecting grooves 98 and 84 with the interior I03 of the compartment generally designated I04. Caps I05 and H16 secured by C-clamps 3| are positioned at the top and bottom surfaces of the compartment generally designated I01. A shield 4 may surround the entire heat exchange apparatus and the latter is conveniently mounted on a base member I (not shown).

It is apparent that if acid or fluid is introduced under pressure to the conduit 39 taking the path indicated by the arrows I08 the fluid will pass through the grooves 'H, through the openings l3, l6 and 19 as indicated bythe arrows I69 thence through the grooves 84, thence into the compartment 8| and through the grooves 98 to the compartment 81, following the arrow H0 through the grooves 91 and finally out through the conduit 94 as indicated by the arrow Ill. Thus, the fluid makes four passes through the heat exchanger, these passes being connected in series to form a so-called multi-pass. The advantage of the arrangement shown in Fig. 9 over that explained in connection with Figs. 1. and 8 is that the conduits 39, and 94 remain on the same side of the heat exchanger rather than being positioned diametrally opposite one another.

It will be understood that the other fluid which is to be admitted to the grooves H2 are provided with compartments similar to compartments HM and I01 except that the walls which extend across the compartments would be positioned differently and so would also the openings which communicate between the grooves and the interior of these compartments in .order that the particular fluid would be constrained to flow through the grooves II2 as will be readily understood by those skilled in the'art. In this particular case the inlet and discharge conduits similar to elements 39 and 84 would be provided for this particular fluid and would preferably be positioned on the same side of the heat exchanger,

Fig. 10 is still a different form of structure in which the sections or rather the grooves formed by the sections are so interconnected at the compartments generally indicated H3, H4 through a system of openings I !5 and walls H5 that the outlet conduit II! is positioned at the opposite side of the heat exchanger from the inlet conduit II 8 and further, that conduit II! is positioned near the top of the structure and conduit I I8 is positioned near the bottom thereof.

By following the arrows indicated at I I9 it will be seen that the fluid makes five passes through the grooves I 20 of the heat exchanger beginning at the conduit II8 andending at the conduit 1. It will be understood that the second fluid which is either to give up heat or to abstract heat from the first fluid passes through the intermediate grooves IZI and makes four passes through the heat exchanger. The second fluid is constrained to its various paths by the use of compartments similar to those exemplified by compartments I I3 and I I4 but by which the wall sections H6 and the various openings are arranged so as to direct the second fluid into its proper grooves or passageways. As in the case of the structure shown in Fig. 8 the various sections illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10 can be made to conform to the shapes illustrated in Fig. 6 in which the grooves or passageways are relatively small in width as measured horizontally but of considerable height if measured vertically.

It will be understood that sections having curvilinear corrugations as shown, for example in Figs. 8, 9 and 10, can if desired, be machined in the same manner as the corrugations shown in Fig. 6 in order to assure fluid tight contacts between the various grooves or passageways.

It is evident from the foregoing that we have disclosed a heat exchanger which can be made of any number of sections, these sections being so grooved or corrugated as to provide passageways for two or more fluids which are to be brought into heat transferring relation. The conical configuration of the sections permits the clamping of the sections to be done solely at the peripheries thereof since when the clamping nuts I0 are applied there is a drawing down eifect on these sections assuring substantially fluid tight guide channels between the corrugations of the sections and preventing any appreciable short-circuiting eifect, i. e., cutting out a length of the grooves or passageways for one 10 orboth of the fluids passing through the heat exchanger. It will be understood that if clamping bolts'were passed through the conical portions of the sections there would be a tendency for leakage to occur around the bolts but in the present structure in which the clamping eifects are applied solely at the peripheries of the sections no bolts are necessary to be provided through these peripheral portions but the clamping effects are obtained by a pair of rings 8, 9 and bolts 1 which are positioned wholly external to the sections proper. Even the clamping effects applied to the various parts of the compartments 28 (Fig. 8) I04, I01 (Fig. 9), H3, H4 (Fig. 10) are obtained by means of c-shape brackets 3I and bolts 32 which are also positioned external to the structure of the heat exchanger.

Thus the improved device is definitely more leak-proof than those of the prior art in view of this consideration and accordingly is able to withstand the greater pressure on the applied fluids.

Having thus fully described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Heat exchange apparatus comprising a plurality of generally conical sections arranged in nested relation, each of said sections having spiral corrugations, the corrugations being constructed and arranged so that the humps of one section are in contact with the humps of sections on either side thereof, and the humps of said contacting sections forming a spiral passageway ,for fluids between each pair of sections, each passageway winding spirally inward from the periphery of a pair of said sections toward the centers oi'said sections and outwardly toward the peripheries of said pair of sections, a fluid connection from a source of fluid of one temperature to one set of passageways, and a fluid connection from another source of fluid of another temperature to another set of passageways, the passageways of said one set alternating with the passageways of said other set, whereby to provide a heat exchange relationship between the passageways of one set and the passageways oi the other set.

2 Heat exchange apparatus comprising a plurality of generally conical sections arranged in nested relation, each of said sections having spiral corrugations, the corrugations being constructed and arranged so that the humps of one section are in contact with the humps of sections on either side thereof, and the humps of said contacting sections forming a spiral passageway for fluids between each pair of sections, each passageway winding spirally inward from the periphery of a pair of said sections toward the centers of said sections and outwardly toward the peripheries of said pair of sections, a fluid connection'from a source of fluid of one temperature to one set of passageways, and a fluid connection from another source of fluid of another temperature to another set of passageways, the passageways of said one set alternating with the passageways of said other set, whereby to provide a heat exchange relationship between the passageways of one set and the passageways of the other set, and means for clamping the sections together adjacent their peripheries.

3. Heat exchange apparatus comprising a plurality of generally conical sections arranged in nested relation, each of said sections having spiral corrugations, the corrugations being constructed and arranged so that the humps of one section are in contact with the humps of sections 11 on either side thereof, and the humps of said contacting sections forming a spiral passageway for fluids between each pair of sections, each passageway winding spirally inward from the periphery of a pair of said sections toward the centers of said sections and outwardly toward the peripheries of said pair of sections, a fluid connection from a source of fluid of one temperature to one set of passageways, and a fluid connection from another source of fluid of another temperature to another set of passageways, the passageways of said oneset alternating with the passageways of said other set, whereby toprovide a heat exchange relationship between the passageways of one set and the passageways of the other set, said sections having aligned openings adjacent their perip heries providing inlet and outlet passages for said fluids.

4. Heat exchange apparatus comprising a plurality of generally conical sections arranged in nested relation, each of said sections having spiral corrugations, the corrugations being constructed and arranged so that the humps f one section are in contact with the humps of sections on either side thereof, and the humps of said contacting sections forming a spiral passageway for fluids between each pair of sections, each passageway winding spirally inward from the periphery of a pair of said sections towardthecenters of said sections and outwardly toward the peripheries of said pair of sections, a fluid connection from a source of fluid of one temperature to one set of passageways, and a fluid connection from another souroeof fluid of another temperature to another set of passageways, the passageways of said one set alternatingwith the passageways of said other-set, whereby to provide a heat exchange relationship between the passageways of one set and the passageways of the other set, said sections having aligned open ings adjacent their peripheries providing inlet and outlet passages for said fluids, said inlet and outlet passages for each fluid being located on diametrically opposite sides of said sections.

5. Heat exchange apparatus comprising a plurality of generally conical sections arranged in nested relation, each of said sections having spiral corrugations, the corrugations being constructed and arranged so that the humps of one section are in contact with the humps of sections on either side thereof, and the humps of said contacting sections forming a spiral passageway for fluids between each pairv of sections, each passageway winding spirally inward from the periphery of a pair of said sections toward the centers of said sections and outwardly toward the peripheries of said pair of sections, a fluid connection from a source of fluid of one temperature to one set of passageways, and a fluid connection from another source of fluid of another temperature to another set of passageways, the passageways of said one set alternating with'the passageways of said other set, whereby to provide a heat exchange relationship betwe'enthe passageways of one set' and the passageways of the other set, and a dome'for each section, each pair of adjacent domes forming a circular chamber.

6. Heat exchange apparatus comprising a lurality of generally conical sections arranged in nested relation, each of said sections having spiral corrugations, the corrugations being constructed and arranged so that the humps of one section are in contact with the humps of sections on either side thereof, and the humps of said contacting sections forming a spiral passageway for fluids between each pair of sections, each passageway winding spirally inward from the periphery of a pair of said sections toward the centers of said sections and outwardly toward the peripheries of said pair of sections, a fluid connection from a source of fluid of one temperature to one set of passageways, and a fluid connection from another source of fluid of another temperature to another set of passageways, the passageways of said one set alternating with the passageways of said other set, whereby to provide a heat exchange relationship between the passageways of one set and the passageways of the other set, and means for clamping the peripheries of said sections to each other in nested relationship whereby the humps of a section made a tight fit with the humps of each section lying on either side thereof.

DELBERT E. JACK. DALE AUGSBURGER.

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