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US2334591A - Electrical signaling arrangement - Google Patents

Electrical signaling arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US2334591A
US2334591A US434762A US43476242A US2334591A US 2334591 A US2334591 A US 2334591A US 434762 A US434762 A US 434762A US 43476242 A US43476242 A US 43476242A US 2334591 A US2334591 A US 2334591A
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Prior art keywords
relay
impulse
circuit
timing
impulses
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US434762A
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English (en)
Inventor
Taylor Reginald
Baker George Thomas
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Automatic Electric Laboratories Inc
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Automatic Electric Laboratories Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
    • H04Q1/18—Electrical details
    • H04Q1/30—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents
    • H04Q1/32—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using trains of DC pulses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrical signaling systems such as automatic telephone systems in which trains of impulses are utilised to cheat the positioning of selective apparatus, and it is more particularly concerned with improved arrangements for responding to control impulses whereby greater reliability. may beobtained when-signaling over lines the characteristics of which cover a wide range.
  • the arrangement at present in general use for responding to trains of impulses comprises an impulse responding relay, usually designated A, together with two slow-to-release relays B and C.
  • These latter relays are arranged to be dependent on the break and make periods respectively of relay A in thatv relay B operates as soon as relay A operates and then subsequently remains held due to-its slug during the break pulses of each impulse train, while relay C operates on the first release of relay A via operated contacts of relay Band then remains held due toits slug during the make pulses'of each impulse train.
  • These relays will therefore fall away if the period during which they receive-V no current is greater than the release time determined by the slug.
  • trains ofv impulses are in the majority of casesgenerated bysubscr'ib-.
  • each selecting switch must be able to respond satisfactorily to any, combination of, operating conditicnswithin p-re-arranged limits.
  • Eachof the slow relays B and C i dependent both on the rate or speed of the received trains ofiimpulses which is determined by the adjustment of the subscribers impulse senders and alsoonth pulse ratio of the received impulses which is governed chiefly by the line conditions which exercise a distorting efiect on the ratio of the impulses transmitted thereover.
  • the operating range of the present Band C relay arrangement can be extended by making the release lag of the relays long enoughto cover the variations in received impulssp'eed and ratio, but this solution to the problem will result in the case of the B relay in the undue-delaying of the release of the selecting switch after the calling subscriber has hung up and in the case;
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an impulse re sponding arrangement of improved capabilities in which moreover it is possible to dispense with the critically-adjusted slow relays hitherto employed.
  • an impulse responsive device including a timing device is arranged so, thatwhen' the timing device has-determinedth'atthe,sum of-the periods of which an-impulse ismade up exceeds a predetermined time "interval *regardless ,of the ratio 0f the different periods a; controlswitching operation is effected, such predetermined time interval exceeding an interval; substantially equal to the length era-complete impulse atthe sl0W- est tolerable speed.
  • a further feature oiv the invention is thatin an electricalsignaling arrangement having control operations. performed in response to, one or a further control operation, the timing operationwhich serves to initiate the furthercontrol operation is effected by a timing device, whose 'operation is detectable independent of anymovi'ng part.
  • a timing device is set inactionlon the satisfactory operation of the equipmentwhich responds to individual impulses, is restoredto' normal at the commencement of each' impulse
  • FIG. 1 shows diagrammaticallytheephone instrument or other form -ofimpulse sender and a selector switchover a transmission' line which may include impulse repeating, a1;-
  • Fig. 2 is a form of the'well kn'own graphical target diagram byrmeans ofzwhicnthea performance of impulse responding arrangements 1 both of the present and proposed type m yrbe; compared and analysed;
  • Fig. 3 shows graphically anrimpnlse traimof-two impulses;
  • Fig. 4 shows: a circuit diagram: of; a. lililroutlete group selector switch of theyerticaland rotarytypearranged to haveso-ca-lled' rectangular motion, for instance of:.the mechanical construction disclosed iii-United States. Patent No. 2,028,689, granted Ja'nuaryZl, 1936,: to R. N. S'axby, and Fig.
  • the impulse sending device shown on the left is assumed to be arranged to: deliver impulse traint of- -sim-ple breaks and makes at 'anominal rate of ten impulses persecon-d, each impulse' having. a break-to-make ratio of -2 lfso that the break periodis therefore 66.6 of the whole impulse, and the actual durationis 66.6 milli-seconds.
  • Tolerance-limits of 63% to 70% are-assumed-tobe' allowed for the break ratio, while the-limits ofimpulse "speed are; from 9-11 impulses per second.
  • the exchange, selectingswitches are. designed to workbetween limits offromfldqi: impulses per. second so. as to, give a' further margin of tolerance on the adjustmentofthese pieces ofmechanism andthese in m m-andmaximumlimitsareindicated by ma ing .ti .1e.,7"and liimpmses per, second line do ed;
  • the input to the selector switch may be anywhere within the area bounded by these dottedlines, together with the break and-make axis. If-the selector switch is to allow of the Widest possible variations in transmission line limits within the impulse speed ran e, itshould berespcnsive to as much of this area as possible.
  • the -selector switch fails to meet possibl'erre'ceived pulses owing to failure of the B or C relay as the casemay be, and'the arrangement according:to:the invention enables some or all ofwboth 'oithese' areas to be brought within-the ranger)! operation of the selector.
  • the individual functions of the Band C- relays are combined into a single impulse ⁇ speed measuring circuit adapted to measurethe duration of each complete impulse of a traini the; measurement period extending betweenarparticular point in one impulse and the samepoint-in thesucceeding impulse.
  • Direct measurementis not employed, it being merely determined whetherthe actual length of each impulseis greater or less than a fixed predeterminedmeasuredperiodwhich is equal or approximatelyequalto the longest length of impulse which can'be tolerated, namely, a 143 milli-second impulsewhich correspond to the minimum dial speed of seven impulses per second.
  • Theitimingperiod is preferably arranged to run from the beginning of the break period of the firstimpulse of a train and if a succeeding break is not.rec eived within this period, it is an indication'either. that the impulse train has finished or thatthe subscriber hashung up prematurely andthe selector switch concerned may accordingly'be released:
  • Asthe impulse length is unaffectedby variations in impulse ratio, the arrangement. according toithe invention is dependentonlypnvariations in. speed and since impulse speed is. unaffected by varying line conditlons,..an improvement. inthe o erating range isltobejexpected.
  • the subscriber nowdials the first digit of the wanted number and relay'A'responds thereto.
  • Magnet VM-on energizing raises the switch shaft and wipers to level I, whereupon the offnormal springs N are mechanically operated, and magnet VM also opens its interrupter contacts om so as to open the discharge'path for condenser QB.
  • lcontacts N2 complete acharging' circuit for condenser QB via armature bl and resistance YB to positive battery which isconnected to common lead I5.
  • the second break period will commence before condenserQB has time to charge up to the striking voltage of neon tube NT. Hence when relay A releaseson the second breakpa rapid discharge. circuit is completed for condenser QB so as to.
  • Condenser QB again commences to charge on the operation of the vertical magnet interrupter. springs and the cycle of operations described is repeated until the Approximately MOmiIIi-seconds after the commencement of the break period of the last impulse, the voltage across condenser QB rises to the flash point of neon tubeNT, whereupon the tube strikes andbrings up relay H. This relay on operating disconnects anyfurther circuit for last impulse of the train is received.
  • the vertical magnet at-armature hl and atthe' same armaturecoxn pletes a temporary locking circuit for its right-hand winding and also a selfinterrupteddrivingcircuit-for the 'rotary magnet BM via its interrupter contacts rm.
  • Magnetic RM on energising causes the wipers to cut in on to the first contact of the selected level and also opens its interrupter contacts rm, while the rotary oil-normal springs NR are mechanically operated.
  • Relay H on releasing also brings up relay HR overresting armature 7L3, rotary oiT-normal contacts NR1 and armature b5 to earth, and'thi's relaylocks over its armature hrl and at its armatures M2," M3 and hr4' switches the negative,
  • V overarmatures bl and (M4 and then subsequently. remains held from "the holding earth' which is iWhen the parties clear-at the end of the ensuing I conversation, earth is removed from the P conductor at the final selector switch of the train and relay H thereupon releases, thus permitting relay HRto fallaway;
  • a self-interrupted driving circuit for the rotary magnet RM is'the'n completed from the earthed delayed alarm release lead M, link TL, armatures hrS. and'bz, contacts NI and rm, magnet RM to battery. 7 Accordingly the wipers are rotated clear of the banks, after which they ifall andthenj rotate back below the banks under spring tension to.
  • the rctary magnet is mechanically prevented from opening its interrupter contacts dur step, where the test wiper P fails to encounter any busying potentialand relay H releases as for the free outlet condition,
  • An earth is thereupon extended over armatures b3 and M to operatean: verflow mete connected to the 11th on a t over the lead.
  • It and elayis QIJBI' ated in usual: manner. Ifhe 111th. stepmeeative and: positive outlets are wired: ,baolg into; ther relay circuit; so that.
  • relay A in releasing wilLproduce the same effect as the first break impulse'of an impulse, train and will energize the vertical magnet VM; while relay B will remain locked to battery via resistance YA;
  • the vertical. magnet on energising raises the wipers to the first level, opens its interrupter contacts cm and brings about the operation of the offenormal springs, so that a charging circuit is completed for condenserQB.
  • relay HR now completes a circuit at armature hrfi for short-circuiting and releasing relay B and OILthE releaseof this: relay relays H and HR release in turn since no holding earth is fed back from the succeeding switch A self-interrupted driving circuit is then a a n comp or h? rotar m net RM a the switch rotates its wipers clear of the banks a d est hem- 9 h home p t ns as n h case just describedof release on receipt of a busy signal I,
  • the speed timing device on coming i to. perati n a the nd f th j ul train is' arranged, with relay A operated, to change over the impulsing circuit from the vertical to the rotary magnet in readiness for the second impulse train and is arranged at the end of the second train with relay A operated, to initiate testing of the selected outlet.
  • relay A operates and brings up relay'B which looks over its armature bl and at armature, b3 applies guarding and holding earth to the incoming Plead. 6n the reception of the first train of impulses,
  • A re-operates and opens the energising circuit of the vertical magnet at armature a; and at armature a l prevents a clischarge circuit being completed ior condenser QA after the interrupter contacts 12m close, During the ensuing make period condenser QA continues tocharge.
  • the second break period will commence before condenserQA has time to charge up to the striking voltage of neon tube NT and hence when relay A releases on the second break, a rapid discharge circuit-is completed for condenser QA so as to restore this condenser to normal, while relay B- dependent on relay A sothat the switch will release in a manner later tobe described if relay A is normal at this time.
  • Belay C also at armature c2 completes a temporary lockingcirui r i s f a a a m u e c3 m le s an ene eis ns circu t r h SW r P 'QF?
  • condenser QA condenser QA.
  • the rotary off-normal contacts NR are also mechanically operated and at contacts NR2 complete a new charging circuit for.
  • condenser QA overthe operated armaturecz and contacts NI.
  • Relay Are-operates at the end of the first break period andopens the energising circuit of the rotary magnet and also prevents a discharge circuit being completed for condenser QA after the interrupter contacts m close. During the ensuing make period condenser QA continues to charge.
  • the circuit functions in the manner previously described if the second impulse train comprises two or more impulses arid" approximately 140 milli-seconds after the commencementof the break period of the last impulse of the train, the voltage on condenserQA rises tothe flashing point of neon tube whereupon the tube strikes and brings "up relay C.
  • This relay in operating, at its armature cl disconnects the impulsing circuit andopens the locking circuitof relay B, at armature c2 completes a locking circuit for itself via the rotary off-normal contacts NR3, and at armature'c3 opens the holding circuit for relay E which therefore commences to release.
  • the release time of relay earth is extended over armatures bl, cl and c3 and the lower winding'of the switching relay H to the P wiper and the subsequent operation depends on whether the selected line is free or engaged.
  • a -ci'rc uit for ringing the selectedpartysbell is completed as follows: earthed ringing current generator GNR, common lead 13, upper winding of the ring trip relay F, arm'atures el, f2 and 122' to the negative line, the selected partys belland condenser, the positive line and armatures 713 and ]3 to battery via the ringingreturn resistance YC.
  • ringing tone is returned in a balanced circuit to the calling party by the connection of a'ringin'g tone source'over common lead H and armatures h! and f4 to the middle winding of relay A.
  • relay F operates-and thereupon at armature fl locks over its lower winding in series with the upper winding of relay H, at armatures f2 and 3 trips the ringing and completes the speaking circuit, and at armature f-l opens the ringing tone circuit.
  • Batteryifeed is supplied to the calling subscribervia the windings of relay A and to, the-called subscriber via the windings of relay D which is connected .across the outgoing speaking leads by way of armatures M and k5; Relay D operates over the called subscribers loop and at its armatures di and d2 reverses thebattery connections to give super: vision to the calling side of the connection.
  • relay A- releases and in turn releases relay B which thereupon brings about the release of relays C,- F, H andD
  • Atarma: ture b3 earth is removed from theincoming P conductor to bring about the release of the preceding switches.
  • armature b4 earth is extended over. the operatedofl-normal contacts N2 to energise the release magnet ZM which is connected to battery via suitable delayed alarm equipment connected to common lead 14; the wipers are thereupon restored to normal backwar dlyover the path along which they have been set and the switch is completely released.
  • relay A inreleasing will ,produce the same'eifect as the first break of an impulse train and will energise'the vertical magnet VM, while relay'B will remain locked to earthover armatures bl and cl.
  • the vertical, magnet on energising raises the wipers to the first level, opens its interrupter contacts 'um and brings about the operation of the off-normal springs, so that condenser QA, after" being initially dischargedon release of relay A, commences to charge-on the operation of contacts vm'and N I.; After the predetermined timing period has elapsed," the neon tube I NT flashes and operates relay C which looks to the earthed armature b't'wh'er'eupon the circuit for both the vertical magnet and relay B is disconnected at armature cl. Relay B upon releasing, at its armature b tv opens the ,holding circuit for relay 0 and, atv the same. armature completes a circuit for the release magnet ZM so that the switch'is restored to normal.
  • the selector is then caused to out in in every case but subsequently independenceon whether the calling subscriber hashung up or not, the switch is caused to remain connected throughto a succeeding switch or to resume the rotary movement and carry the wipers clear of the banks, after which they restore to their normal position.
  • the switch In the case of a selector switch of theverti'cal and 6.
  • the speed timnrg ofi mences at the b'oint Y representing the pegmeni fer the lest breakii'npulse, and assume thatthefs'vvitchhiagnet ha a maximum o erat time ianfiiiinieedhds, ama that the conq nser ne htupe timing ⁇ circuit is set at a value r gqmi liis eeegamy 9; total of 1 40'mil1i-s'ecee gro tn Beginning ofth last break impulse need elapse before the switch can cut in and hunt or relea se The new ihethqdthus in this instance e vese Wine Tire?
  • I v invention" 'eeeeminry sl et/nee an impj ygii feftfioubr iiiinfils response 'tvhieh 'o' erates on ne'irel brin'lpl'es'inthat iniimise ratio'is ignored and each impulse -is dealt with age; wholeplt will be appreciated that this method of'attackingv the problem; differs fundamentally from impulse correction schemeswhichaimat re-adjusting the ratio of received impulseswhich have suffered distortion. q
  • each of saidtrains comprises avariable number of spaced apart impulses, wherein all impulses in thesame train'are of a uniform duration and successive ones thereof are spaced apart by .a uniform interval, and whereinthe duration and spacing of impulses in'the different trains are different, timingequipment, means for receiving said impulses and, responsive to the beginning of the first impulse of.
  • each train causing said timing equipment tobegin a timing operation, said means responsive to the beginning of each succeeding impulse of the train to cause said timing equipment to halt the timing operation previously started and to begin another timing operation, whereby the timing operation initiated by the beginning ofeach impulse continues until halted by the beginning of the next'impulse, if one follows, regardless of the ratio of the duration of the impulse bywhich such timing operation was started to the interval between the ending of that impulse andthe beginning of said next impulse, and means operated by said timing equipment if any timing operation is not halted within a predetermined interval of time after it is initiated.
  • an impulse receiving device associated with said signaling circuit, said device operated in a certain way responsive to the beginning of each impulse and perated in adiiferent way responsive to the end of each impulse, timing equipment controlled bythe operations of said first devicedn one of said ways but .not inthe other of said ways, said timing equipment effective,
  • timing equipment to initiate a timing operation responsive to the first operation'of said device in said'one way, said timing equipment then effective responsive to each succeeding operation of said device in said one way'to halt the timing operation which was initiated by the preceding operation of said device in said one. way and to initiate another timing operation, and means operated by said timing equipment if any timing operation is not halted within a predetermined interval of time after it is initiated.
  • a train of impulses is transmitted over a signaling circuit, wherein said train comprises a variable number of-gspaced-apart impulses and wherein all impulsesinsaid train arev of a uniform duration and successiveonesthereof are spaced'apart by a uniform interval, an impulse receiving device associated with said signaling circuit, said device operated ina certain way responsive to the beginningof, each impulse and operated in a different way responsive to the end of each impulse,
  • timingequipment controlled by said device to initiate a timing operation responsive to each operation of said device in one of said ways, said timing equipment also controlled by. said device responsive toeac'hsucceeding operation of said,
  • timing equipment a device having a normalcondition; means for operating said device a variablenumber of times in succession and for restoring said device to normal aftereach said operation, the successive ones of said'o'perations occurring 'at regularly spaced intervals, 'means controlled by the first such operation of said device for causingsaid timing equipment to start a timing operation and controlled-by eacl'i succeeding operation of said device,- if any, for causingsaid equipmentto stop the previous timingoperation and start' a new timing operation, and means operated bysaicl timing equipment if any one of said timing,
  • a combination as Mé'id timingequipment is wholly static and performs 7 said timing operation without, any physical movement.
  • wfi rem 'awerisme number "0': spaced apart iiilp'uls'es are transmitted over a signaling ciiuitfah i-m'piilse iecivihg'devi'c' associated with "said "circuit, sai'a aeviee operated a certain wayressonsive f'to the 'bjginning of each iinpulseand operated aHiflfernt way *r' "pe sive" to the one of each impulses s'ecohddevice; means controlled by tlie ii'fierations of said first device ihoh of ⁇ said I Sis but norm theotlrir for operating said second 'd'e'-
  • an impulse receiving device associated with said c'i rcuit,'-s'aid”device operated a certain way responsive to "ginning of each impulse and operated a different way responsive to the end of achg mpulsea second device, time delay 'n'ieah's "conditioned by each operation of said first device in foneof s'ai'd ways to Operate said's eco ird device were predetermihedinterval of time, and means responsiv'e only to another operation of s'ai'dfi'rst device in said one way within sai interval-or time rat preventing the operation "or said seconddevice by "said time delay means.
  • a system as claimed iii claim io 'waerm said time delay mean includes a con enser, meahs'for varying tfi'etnar'ge pn'saie condo progressively, and means for determining hen the charge on said condenser reaches remain -12'
  • a signaling 'systin wherein' awe-H me number of spaoed apart impulses are transmitted over a signaling circuit, an impulse receiv ng device associated with said circuit, said device operated a certain way responsive "to tho paginning of each impulse and operated acirrereht way responsive to the end of eaoh impose, 'a condenser, a charging circuitjand a discharging circuit or said condenser, and means eoa'tjrbnea by 'eachoperation of said device-in one of ways for first rendering said discharging circuit effective to discharge said condenser-andf
  • an impulse receiving device asso'ciated'with said circuit, said device operated a "certainway'responsive to the beginning of each impulse and operated :a difierent way coaster responsive to the end cream impulse, a can denser," meanscoritrolld by the operations of said device in one "or saiii ways but'not in the other, "said 'means" effective responsive to each operation of said device in saidone wayflrst'to bring said condenser to apredetefmined state orchar'ge and then to 'changeits state of charge at a predetermined rate.
  • a condenseig'impuls'e receiving means effective in response to ach'impulse or a train first to-bring'said condenser to a pre'determinedstate of charge and then to change its state of charge at a predetermined -rate-, whereby-said condenser -is not changed-more than'a certain amount 'from said predetermined -state of charge 'so long as the successive ones of said impulses are received with certain frequency and means operated under control of said condenser whenever it is changed more than said certain amount from said predetermined state of charge.
  • a condenser frne'ans operat whenever saiddevicelis changed from one or said conditions to th'e'other for first bringing said condenser to a p1e'd'et'riiiihd State of charge and-then changing its state of charge at a predetermined rate until "said device again is changed from said'ohe condition to 'said other conditionjwhereby, so long; as said device is ch'a d from said on'econditioi'i to said other co dition with certain frequency, said condenser is'ii'ot changed more than a certain amountfro'in saidp'ieii'termihed state of charge, and an clot trbhlc 'valve "connected to said condenser and rendered operative responsive only to the charge thereon changing more than said certain amount '
  • a signaling circuit is t'ra'frisitoiily interi f i 'ted at iega ariiiterv'als for a certain number of times
  • a device and means controlled by each said interruption, but'iiidependntly of the length of that interruption, fo'r opefating 'Said device onlylwh'en'one of 'samihterruptiohs is not r01- lowed by another "within an arbitrarily flied period which is slightly longer than said intervals.
  • a device in a signaling system, a device, a signaling circuit over which trains of -impu1s e sare transmitted; each said impulse being divided into two complementary periods having a certain ratio to each other; and means controlled bythe speed of successive impulses but independently ofthe ratio of the periods of anyindiv-idual impulse to operate'said device responsive only to the last impulse of;a train.
  • a signaling system timing equipment, means for generating an electrical wave-having a repetitive pattern, a device controlled by said wavetooperate ina particular way at the same point in each repetition of said pattern, and means controlled by one operation of said device in said particular way to initiate the operation of said timing equipment and by a subsequent operation of said device in said particular way to halt the said previous operation of said timing equipment and initiate a fresh operation of said timing equipment.
  • timing equipment means for generating an electrical wave having a repetitive pattern, a device controlled by said wave to operate in a particular way at the same point in each repetition of said pattern, means controlled by one operation of said device in said particular way to initiate the operation of said timing equipment, said last means controlled by each subsequent operation of said device in said particular way to halt the operation of said timing equipment which was initiated by the immediately preceding operation of said device and to initiate a fresh operation of said timing equipment, and a second device controlled by said timing equipment to operate if any operation of said timing equipment is not halted within a predetermined time after it is initiated.
  • a device in a signaling system wherein a signal having a repetitive pattern is transmitted over a signaling circuit, a device, time delay means under the control of said signal and conditioned by the same point in each repetition of said signal pattern to operate said device after a predetermined interval of time, and means effective whenever said time delay means has been conditioned by an occurrence of said point in one repetition of said signal pattern for preventing said time delay means from operating said device only if the same point in the next repetition of said signal pattern occurs within said predetermined interval.
  • a device for receiving said impulses and causing said mechanism to step in accordance therewith said device operated a certain way responsive to the beginning of each impulse and operated a difierent way responsive to the end of each impulse, a second device, time delay means conditioned by each operation of said first device in one of said ways to operate said second device after a predetermined interval of time, and means responsive only to another operation of said first device in said one way within said interval of time for preventing the operation of said second device by said time delay means.
  • time delay means includes a condenser, means for varying the charge on said condenser progressively, and means for determining when the charge on said condenser reaches acertain value.
  • time delay means includes a condenser, means for varying the charge on said condenser progressively, and an electronic valve connected to said condenser and rendered operative responsive only to the charge on said condenser reaching a certain value.
  • a device for receiving said impulses and causing said mechanism to step in accordance therewith said device operated a certain way responsive to the beginning of each impulse and operated a different way responsive to the end of each impulse
  • a second device means controlled by the operations of said first device in one of said ways but not in the other for operating said second device only when an operation of said first device in said one way is not followed by another operation thereof in said one way within a predetermined interval of time, certain equipment controlled by said second device upon operation if, at the time of such operation, said first device is operated in said certain way, and other equipment controlled by said second device upon operation if, at the time of such operation, said first device is operated in said diiferent way.
  • a line over which spaced-apart impulses are received a line relay 7 next impulse in said train, if one follows, wherev, by, so long as said impulses are received with a certain frequency, the charge on said condenser never reaches a predetermined value, an electronic valve connected to said condenser and rendered operative responsive only to the charge thereon reaching said predetermined value, and
  • a relay in the output of said valve controlled by v the operation of said valve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Interface Circuits In Exchanges (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Exchanges (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Devices For Supply Of Signal Current (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
US434762A 1941-04-28 1942-03-14 Electrical signaling arrangement Expired - Lifetime US2334591A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5514/41A GB549047A (en) 1941-04-28 1941-04-28 Improvements in electrical signalling systems utilising trains of impulses for control purposes

Publications (1)

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US2334591A true US2334591A (en) 1943-11-16

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US434762A Expired - Lifetime US2334591A (en) 1941-04-28 1942-03-14 Electrical signaling arrangement

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US (1) US2334591A (xx)
BE (1) BE468430A (xx)
CH (1) CH241317A (xx)
DE (1) DE842361C (xx)
FR (1) FR907461A (xx)
GB (3) GB549074A (xx)
NL (2) NL106092C (xx)

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Publication number Publication date
BE468430A (xx)
GB550350A (en) 1943-01-04
GB549047A (en) 1942-11-04
GB549074A (en) 1942-11-04
CH241317A (de) 1946-02-28
DE842361C (de) 1952-06-26
NL64857C (xx)
FR907461A (fr) 1946-03-13
NL106092C (xx)

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