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US2330582A - Circuit arrangement - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US2330582A
US2330582A US401532A US40153241A US2330582A US 2330582 A US2330582 A US 2330582A US 401532 A US401532 A US 401532A US 40153241 A US40153241 A US 40153241A US 2330582 A US2330582 A US 2330582A
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United States
Prior art keywords
circuit
oscillations
load
oscillator
voltage
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Expired - Lifetime
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US401532A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hepp Gerard
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Individual
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/52—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers
    • H03F1/54—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers with tubes only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/52—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers
    • H03F1/54—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers with tubes only
    • H03F1/542—Replacing by standby devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J1/00—Frequency-division multiplex systems
    • H04J1/02—Details
    • H04J1/16—Monitoring arrangements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a circuit for supply ing electric oscillations to a load, said oscillations being generated or amplified by an oscillator or amplifier respectively comprising discharge tubes.
  • a telephone transmitting system comprising amplifiers included in a transmission line.
  • a disturbance for example due to one or the amplifier valves becoming defective, it is necessary for the defective amplifier to be replaced automatically by a reserve amplifier.
  • the two oscillators or amplifiers are so arranged that an at least transient variation of one of the operating voltages or one of the electric constants of one of the oscillators or amplifiers results in a sudden permanent change of its operating condition.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit arrangement of an oscillator embodying the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relation between the amplitude of the oscillations generated in the circuit of Fig. 1 and the grid bias of the discharge tube thereof,
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic" diagram of a circuit according to a second embodiment of'theinvention
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagramlof a circuit which is a modification of [the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 1, and I t
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a circuit according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a circuit arrangement of an oscil lator comprising a backcoupled discharge tube I.
  • the grid circuit of this tube includes an oscillatory circuit 2 which is'coupled inductively to the anode circuit by means of afeedback coil.
  • the cathode lead includes resistances 4 and 5 shunted-by a condenser 6 which substantially forms a by-pass for the oscillations to be generated. These resistances arein series with a resistance] connected to the source of. anode voltage8 and so proportioned that the voltage drop bringsabout such a negative grid bias that the tube I is disrupted and the circuit does not oscillate.
  • a switch 9 and a resistance I0 Connected in parallel with the resistance 5 is a switch 9 and a resistance I0 which is shunted by a condenser E I. When this switch 9 is closed the negative grid bias is reduced to 'suchextent that the circuit starts oscillating. By correct adjustment of thecircuit it may be ensured thatthe oscillations are maintained even afterthe switch 9 is reopened.
  • the circuit stops oscillating and the oscillations do not restart spontaneouslyfleven after the tube-is renewed or the supply voltages have reassumed their normal value.
  • FIG. 2 shows the con nection between the grid bias'o of the tube-I and the amplitude i of the generated oscillations.
  • the grid bias At low values of. the grid bias, no oscillations are generated at all. If, however, the biasis in creased to a value'v the circuit suddenly starts oscillating, the amplitude of theggenerated oscila lations being'i'; On further increase of the grid bias the amplitude of thegenerated oscillations increases so as to give the curve ab; If the grid bias is then reduced the amplitudjde'creases so as to give the curve be and atc 'suddenlyjumps I from the valuez'" to zero.
  • the grid bias is adjusted to avalue v comlprised between 22g" and 12 at which oscillations do not start spimtaneously.
  • the grid'bias is increased instantaneouslyto the value in or higher so that the switch tube startsoscillating.
  • the mean anode The same effor example if the mutual conductance of the tube decreases.
  • the oscillator circuit is thus so arranged and adjusted that an at least transient variation of one of the operating voltages results in a sudden permanent change of the operating condition, that is to say that an inoperative oscillator is rendered operative after a transient increase of the grid voltage, whereas after a variation of one of the operating voltages or one of the electric constants resulting in a decrease of the amplitude of the oscillatlons generated the oscillator is rendered inoperative.
  • Fig. 3 shows two of such oscillators, similar reference numerals to those employed in Fig. 1
  • the anode circuit of the oscillator l3 includes a relay l5 which is shunted by a condenser I l and operates a switch I6. On this relay being energized by the anode current of the tube I, the switch l6 connects to the right so that the load, which is connected to the terminals l8 and l9, receives energy from the oscillator l3 via a coil ll coupled'to coil 3'.
  • theoscillator l2' also generates oscillations but it cannot deliver energy to the load by this time. If, however, due to a disturbance the oscillator i3 is rendered inoperative in the manner described above with reference to Fig. 1 the relay I 5 is lie-energized due to the d crease of the mean anode-direct current, the switch l6 takes up the position shown and the oscillator J2 delivers energy to the load via the anode coil 3 and the coupling coil l1.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the circuit arrangement is substantially similar to that of Fig. 3, however the oscillator l2 has added to it a relay 2B which controls contacts 23, and 26, a relay 2i which controls contactsl-l, 9 and 21 and the relay 22 which controls contacts [6; and the oscillator l3 has a relay l5 which operates contacts 24 and 28. "All contacts are shown in off position that is tos'ay in the position in which the associated relay is not energised.
  • the circuit includes two alarm circuits A andB, the alarm circuit A V serving to give an alarm when the oscillator normally in use (the main oscillator) is thrown out of use and the connections are changed to' the reserve oscillator, whereas the alarm circuit'B serves to give an urgent alarm when both oscillators are rendered inoperative.
  • the oscillator I2 is the main oscillator, I3 is the reserve oscillator; both are in continuous use.
  • Relay 2! is energised due to the contacts 23 and 24 being closed; the contacts 9, 9' and 2'! are consequently open; since contact 2'! is open the urgent alarm circuit is also open.
  • This circuit arrangement operates as follows: The high negative bias which is set up across the resistances 4 and 5 prevents the tube I from generating oscillations. If the switchB is closed for a short time the operating point of the tube 23'. This voltage is'rectified byther'ectifier 3i)v so that acompensating voltage is setup across the resistance l which displaces the operating point of tube '"l to such: extent that oscillations are permanently-generated. If, however, due to a disturbance; for example, the supply voltage falls below a given value the amplitude'of the generated oscillations decreases, the compensating gridopened.
  • This circuit also may beembodied in a selective switching arrangement such'a's shown inFig.4.- a
  • a stabilising element must be included in'the cir'-' cuit, for example a voltage limiter; such'as a glow discharge lamp in parallel with the resistance Ill.
  • the principle adopted in the oscillator-circuit of- Fig. 5 can also be employed with-amplifiers.
  • the oscillations tobe amplified contain a component of constant value and frequency, such as occurspfor example, with "amplifiers for carrier-wave telephony.-
  • an alternating voltage of constant value can be derived from the output side of the amplifier and be supplied to a rectifier on the principle illustrated by Fig. 5.
  • the same effect' may be obtained by means o'f'an auxiliary oscillation lying outside the frequency band and supplied to the grid of one of the tubes, and this will be described more fully with reference to Fig.6.
  • Fig. 6 shows a two-stage resistance-coupled amplifier in which in the manner mentioned before and by means of the component members 4, 5, 6, '1, l0 and H the tube l is given such a high negativebiasthat it'is disrupted.
  • the oscillations to be amplified which are received for examplevia a telephone line, are fed, with the in terposition of a low-frequency transformer 32, to the gridof tube I and inaddition an auxiliary oscillation having a frequency lying outside the band tobe amplified and a constant amplitude is transmitted to the said grid with the interposition of a transformer 33.
  • the tube 50 is coupled to the anode circuit of tube l by means of the usual condenser 34 and resistance 35.
  • the tube 50 receives a negative bias by way of a cathode resistance 36 shunted by a condenser 31.
  • To'the output circuit of the tube 53 is connected for'example a telephone line 38 with the interposition of an output transformer 39.
  • the primary ofthe output transformer is shunted by a condenser 40.
  • the output circuit also includes a circuit 4
  • the switch 9 is closed for a short time, the adjustment of the tube being normal, and both the oscillations fed by the transformer 32 and those fed by the transformer 33 are amplified'by the arrangement.
  • , the coil 42 and the rectifier 33 the normal adjustment of the the amplified oscillations, produces a corresponding decrease inthe compensating voltage set up across the resistance It.
  • This decrease in voltage across resistance 40 makes the voltage applied tothe control grid'of the tube lbmore negative so that the-tube is adjusted to a more unfavorable operating condition which in turn further reduces the amplitude of the amplified voltages.
  • the circuit is automatically thrown out of operation.
  • the circuits shown in .Figs. '5 and 6 have the propertythat' upon aitransient decrease in the value of a grid voltagewhich normally blocks operation of the tube oscillations are generated or amplified continuously; Furthermore; thegenerated or amplified oscillations provide" a compensating voltage which at least partly suppresses the blocking voltage.
  • the compensating voltage decreases in value thereby decreasing the amplitude of the generated or amplified'oscillations which in turn further decreases the value of the compensating voltage. This action is curnulativeand the oscillator or amplifier is'rapidly rendered inoperative.
  • oscillations to a' load comprising a circuit for nor-' mally supplying oscillations to the load including r load upon failure of said first circuit,-eachof said circuits including means associated with the control electrode.
  • a circuit arrangement for supplying electric oscillations to afloadcomprising a supply circuit for normally supplying the oscillations to the load including an oscillatory circuit containing a dis chargetube having acontrol electroda'a second supply circuit for supplying the oscillations'to the load upon failure of said first circuit and including an oscillatorycircuit containing a discharge tube having a control electrode,'means to connect said second supply circuit to the load upon failure of said1 first supply circuit, each of said supply circuits including means associated with the control electrode of the discharge tube to produce a sudden and permanent change in the operating condition of the circuit upon the occurrence of an at least transient variation in the operating voltage or the electric constants of the circuit, said latter means including a circuit for applyingto the control electrode a negative grid bias of a value at which an at least transient in.- crease thereof will cause the continuous generation of oscillations and at which at least transient changes of one of the operating voltages or tube l subsists 1 even when ⁇ the switch "9 is re v of
  • a circuit arrangement for supplying electric oscillations to a load comprising a circuit fornormally supplying oscillations to the loadincluding a discharge tube havinga control, electo make the circuit inoperative,- means to suppress said blocking voltage tothereby permit the con-- tinuous production ofoscillations, and means controlled by the produced oscillations to obtain a compensating voltage which at least partly suppresses the blocking voltage and'means controlled by an at least transient change in theoperating voltage or one'ofthe electric constants of the cir-- cult to cause the compensating voltage to decrease so rapidly as to render the circuit inoperative.
  • a circuit arrangement for supplying electric oscillations to a load comprising. a circuit: for normally supplying oscillations to the load including a discharge tube having a control electrode, a second circuitfor supplying oscillations to the load upon failure of said first circuit and including a discharge tube having. a control electrode, means to connect said second circuit to the load upon failure of said first circuit,.each of said circuits including means associated with the control electrode of the discharge tube to produce a sudden and permanent change in the operating condition of the circuit upon the occurrence of an at least transient variation in the operating voltage or electric constants of the discharge tube, and means controlled by variations in the mean anode current of-the discharge tube of one of said circuits to connect the other circuit to the load when the first circuitbecomes inoperative.
  • a circuit arrangementfor supplying electric oscillations to'a load comprising a supply circuit for normally supplying the oscillations to the load including an oscillatory circuit containing a discharge tube having-a control electrode, a second supply circuit for supplying theoscillationsto the loadupon' failure of said first cire cuit and including an oscillatory circuit containinga discharge tube.
  • each of said supply circuits including means associated with the control electrode of the discharge tube toproduce asudden and permanent change in the operating condition of the circuit upon the-occurrence Oran at least transient variation in the operating voltag or the electric constants of the circuit, said latter means including a circuit for applying-to the control electrode a negative grid bias oi-a value at which'an at leasttransient increase thereof will cause the continuous generation of oscillations and atwhich at least transient changes of one of the operatingvoltages or of one of the electric constants of the circuit will make the supply inoperative,- and means controlled'bythe change in the mean anode currents of the discharge tubes of both circuits-to indicate a dis-' ruption of both circuits.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US401532A 1940-07-20 1941-07-08 Circuit arrangement Expired - Lifetime US2330582A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL604247X 1940-07-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2330582A true US2330582A (en) 1943-09-28

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ID=19787876

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US401532A Expired - Lifetime US2330582A (en) 1940-07-20 1941-07-08 Circuit arrangement

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US (1) US2330582A (da)
BE (1) BE442229A (da)
DE (1) DE876253C (da)
FR (1) FR874459A (da)
GB (1) GB604247A (da)
NL (1) NL65109C (da)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454845A (en) * 1943-05-04 1948-11-30 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp High-frequency oscillator circuit for induction heating apparatus
US2457790A (en) * 1945-10-06 1948-12-28 Brown Instr Co Apparatus for sequentially keying and connecting a plurality of oscillators to a common output circuit
US2780673A (en) * 1950-09-15 1957-02-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Phasing system
US2820141A (en) * 1953-06-17 1958-01-14 Int Standard Electric Corp Control circuit for pulse generator
US2880274A (en) * 1953-02-24 1959-03-31 Gen Dynamics Corp Telephone system
US2992363A (en) * 1955-06-03 1961-07-11 Gasaccumulator Svenska Ab Stand-by unit arrangement
US3219913A (en) * 1963-05-17 1965-11-23 Brown Irving Automatic maintenance circuit

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1040075B (de) * 1956-07-03 1958-10-02 Siemens Ag Umschaltanordnung in elektroakustischen UEbertragungsanlagen

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454845A (en) * 1943-05-04 1948-11-30 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp High-frequency oscillator circuit for induction heating apparatus
US2457790A (en) * 1945-10-06 1948-12-28 Brown Instr Co Apparatus for sequentially keying and connecting a plurality of oscillators to a common output circuit
US2780673A (en) * 1950-09-15 1957-02-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Phasing system
US2880274A (en) * 1953-02-24 1959-03-31 Gen Dynamics Corp Telephone system
US2820141A (en) * 1953-06-17 1958-01-14 Int Standard Electric Corp Control circuit for pulse generator
US2992363A (en) * 1955-06-03 1961-07-11 Gasaccumulator Svenska Ab Stand-by unit arrangement
US3219913A (en) * 1963-05-17 1965-11-23 Brown Irving Automatic maintenance circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR874459A (fr) 1942-08-07
DE876253C (de) 1953-05-11
BE442229A (da)
GB604247A (en) 1948-06-30
NL65109C (da)

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