US2271409A - Phosphatidic composition - Google Patents

Description

Patented Jan. 27, 1942 UNITED STATES PATEN T-OFFICE 2,271,409 PHOSPHATIDIC COMPOSITION Benjami H.

Thin-ma Bronxville, N. Y., assimito Beiiuin Inc., R eno, Nev., a corporation of vada No Drawing; Application December 29, 1939, Serial No. 311,705

16 Claims.

This invention relates to phosphatidic compositions, and more particularly to compositions resulting from treating 'phosphatides with alkali metal phosphates.

In my copending application Serial No. 290,083, filed August 14, 1939, of which this application is a continuation in phosphatides with various alkali metal salts, among which was a compound 01' sodium phosphate (NaaPOa) with phosphatides. When sumcient sodium phosphate is employed to react with substantially all of the phosphatldes, a resulting compound which is alkaline, that is, a compound which gives a pH substantially in excess of 7 when dissolved in water, is produced. In accordance with the present invention, I have found that alkali metal phosphate-phosphatide comor acidic properties.

Other objects and advantages oi the invention will appear in the following description or preierred embodiments thereof.

Although phosphates of any of the alkali metals may be employed, the invention will be speclflcally described with respect to various sodium phosphates. As stated above, the normal or trisodium phosphate produces a compound which is distinctly alkaline when combined with phosphatides. It has been proximately 10.5 even though excess alkali is separated from the compound. on the other hand. by employing a salt containing a lesser amount of alkali metal in the molecule such as metal. produce acid or at least neutral compounds with phosphatides. Also. phosphates which have less than three alkali metal atoms for each phosphate group such as the acid phospha es line, for example, having a pH in the neighbor- 5. are quite unstable and will even split into the phosphate and phosphatide it alvacuo for 2% hours at to water in the dehydrated mass had been reduced or such salts as the meta pH oi approximately 4.6 when to approximately 1%, a pasty material remained. The paste was extracted with petroleum ether and the ether extract subjected to vacuum treatment to remove the ether. The resulting product was a clear, amber, which was odorless and had a slightly-salty taste.

The original purified cornoilrphosphatide had a phosphorus content of approximately 2.1%, a nitrogen'content approximately 1.2% and a dispersed in water; whereas the resulting com and had a sodium content oi 5.7%, a phosphorus a nitrogen content of approximately 3%, pH oi approximately 7.

Sodium hexametaphosphate also forms a compound with 'phosphatides which is substantially neutral. As a specific example of making such a compound, '25 gr. oi the corn phosphatide above referred to was mixed with 35 gr. of sodium hexametaphosphate in '70 gr. oi water, stirred for 3 hours at room temperature, and dehydrated at 65 C. for 18 hours in vacuo. This compound is unique in that, instead of an opaque pastelike mixture being iormed, the reaction mass is a clear, viscous oil very soluble in water. I! desired, the oily material may be extracted with ether as described in the previous example in order to remove excess alkali or other unreacted products, and the resulting compound had a sodium content oi 5.8%, a phosphorus content of 6.2%, and produced a pH oi 7.1.

The pH of the products oi either oi the above two examples may be made smaller by employing a mixture of monosodlum phosphate and disodlum phosphate in the first example and a mixture of monosodium phosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate in the second example. As stated above, the acid and neutral compounds are extremely stable. However, ii desired, the products oi the two examples above given may made more alkaline by employing mixtures of the disodium phosphate or sodium hexametaphosphate with trisodium phospha Other sodium be employed, for pyrophosphate either with any of the other phosphates herein mentioned to produce compositions having any desired pH. The products disperse in oil in the cold, and dissolve in oil when heated to, about 90 F., to give a clear solution which has a powerful emulsifying action toward water. They are soluble in ether and dispersable in water. The equivalent salts of potassium or other alkali metals may be employed instead of sodium salts to give similar results.

Phosphatides other than the corn phosphatldes mentioned may likewise be employed to form the compounds oi the present invention. Corn phosp tides are preierred, as they are light, in color andcontain no linolenic acid radicals, thereby being more stable than such phosphatides assoya bean phosphatides. Furthermore, the soya bean phosphatides are much darker in color and are likely to become still further colored if subjected to heat. Cottonseed phosphatides may also be employed, and produce compositions of high stability, but are usually quite highly colored. The corn phosphatldes are somewhat more acidic than soya bean phosphatldes. Thus; corn phosphatldes usually produce a pH between 4.5 and 4.8 when dispersed in water. while soya' bean phosphatides produce a pH in the neighborhood of 5.7. It has been iound that the corn phosphatides take up more and a content of 4.8%,

. tion, as the chemistry is sodium and phosphorus than those irom scya bean phosphatides. It is believed that the reaction between the sodium phosphate employed and the phosphatide is an acid-base combination and that the more acidic material (corn phosphatides) reacts with larger amounts oi the basic material, although applicant does not wish to be bound by any precise theory oi combinaextremely complex.

The compounds or compositions of the present invention, particularly those having acid characteristics and greater stability, are useiul as emulsifying agents ior oil and water emulsions. All of the compounds mentioned are edible and can be employed in edible products. For example, they can be employed in the production of mayonnaise or margarine to retain water, emulsified with the oils or fats. Phosphatldes which are free or linolenic acid radicals such as corn and cottonseed phosphatldes are preferred ior use in edible products as they have no tendency to revert to an undesirable taste as is the case of soya bean phosphatidic compounds, which have a tendency to revert to the original flavor and odor oi the soya bean oil. The compositions of the present invention with soya bean phosphatides are, however. more stable than the original soya bean ph'osphatides. The compounds of the present invention are particularly valuable in producing high ratio shortening (or baked products; that is to say, a small amount thereof, for example .25 to 5% and usually about 2% on the basis of the shortening, will enable ratios oi sugar to flour in excess oi one-to-one to be employed in cakes having increased volume and excellent texture.

The compositions oi the present invention are also useful as constituents in detergents, since they have excellent emulsifying properties and are compatible with all common detergent materials. They also have extremely good water softening properties, particularly compositions including substantial amounts oi the hexametaphosphate. They may be employed with alkali metal soaps to produce hard water soaps by preventing precipltation or decomposition of ina soluble alkali earth metal soaps such as those creams, nose drops,

oi calcium or. magnesium. Smooth. stable emulsions oi vegetable, mineral or essential oils with water are obtained when small amounts, ior example .i to 5% oi the composition reierred to are added to either the water or oil phase and the resulting mixture thoroughly agitated. The compositions may also be blended with ingredients oi calves, olntments, face creams, shaving nose sprays, etc.. to produce smoother products having greater water retention properties. They are of value in insecticldal emulsions to prevent separation oi the components thereof and to cause said emulsions to spread when applied. The compositions oi the present invention merit dispersing agents ior oil paints and as emulsifiers in casein paints. Other uses oi the compositions are as emulsifiers in flotation processes, surface tension reducing agents in textile treatment, and wherever emulsifying or surface tension reducing agents are desired.

while, for the want oi a better term, I have herein referred to my new chemical compounds as "phosphatidic compounds," it is nevertheless to be understood that the ly dissimilar in composition, behavior and utility to the usual soy bean lecithin oi commerce.

While I have disclosed the preferred embodialso' have utility aapigsame are iundamentalsodium phosphate. 7

9. As a product of manufacture, an alkali metal stability and a pH when dispersed in water not substantially greater than 7.8, said compound resulting from reacting a phosphatide with an alkali metal phosphate having less than 3 atoms of alkali metal for each phosphate group.

3. As a product of manufacture, an alkali metal phosphate-phosphatidic composition having high stability and a pl-I when dispersed in water not substantially greater than 7.8, said compound phosphate-phosphatidic composition having high stabilityand a pH when dispersed in water not substantially greater than 7.8, said compound resulting from reacting a phosphatide with sodium hexametaphosphate.

10. As a product of manufacture, an alkali metal phpsphate-phosphatidic composition having high stability and a pH when dispersed in water not substantially. greater than 7.8, said compound resulting from reacting a phosphatide which is free of linolenic acid radicals with a sodium phosphate having less than 3 atoms of alkali metal for each phosphate group.

11. As a product of manufacture, an alkali metal phosphate-phosphatidic composition having high stability and a pH when dispersed in water not substantially greater than 7.8, said compound resulting from reacting a corn phosphatide ,with a sodium phosphate having less than 3 atoms resulting from reacting a phosphatide with an l acid alkali metal phosphate.

4. As a product of manufacture, an alkali metal phosphate-phosphatidic composition having high stability and a pH when dispersed in water not substantially greater than 7.8, said compound resulting from reacting a phosphatlde with a mixture of alkali metal phosphates including a substantial quantity of an acid phosphate.

5. As a product of manufacture, an alkali metal phosphate-phosphatidic composition having high stability and a pH when dispersed in water not substantially greater than 7.8, said compound resulting from reacting a phosphatide with a mixture oi. alkali metal phosphates including asubstantial quantity of a monophosphate.

6. As a product of manufacture, an alkali metal phosphaterphostphatidic composition having high stability and a pH when dispersed in water not substantially greater than 7.8, said compound resulting from reacting a phosphatide with a sodium phosphate having less than 3 atoms of alkali metal for each phosphate group.

'I. As a product of manufacture, an alkali metal phosphate-phosphatidic composition having high stability and a pH when dispersed in water not substantially greater than 7.8, said compound resulting from reacting a phosphatide with disodium phosphate.

of alkali metal for each phosphate, group.

12. The process of producing phosphatidic compounds containing alkali metals and having high stability, which comprises, reacting a phosphatide in the presence of water with an alkali metal phosphate having lesfihan 3 alkali metal atoms for each phosphate group and dehydrat- .ing the resulting product.

3. As a product of manufacture, an alkali metal phosphate-phosphatidic composition having high stability and a pH when dispersed in water not substantially greater than 7.8, said compound re? sulting from reacting a phosph'atide with monoproduct.

sodium ato'ms for each phosphate group, dehydrating the resulting reaction products, extracting said compound i'rom.said reaction products with a solvent for said compound, and evaporating said solvent from said compound.

15. The process of producing sodiumphosphatephosphatidic compounds having high stability, which comprises, reacting sodium hexametaphosphate in the presence of water with a phosphatide,

and dehydrating the resulting product.

l6. The process of producing phosphatidic compoundscontaining alkali metals and having high stabilitywhich' comprises, reacting a phosphatide in the presence of water with a mixture oi alkali metal phosphates containing a substantial porticn of a monophosphate. and dehydrating said BENJAMIN H. THURMAN.