US2247661A - Shaving device - Google Patents

Description

July 1, 1941 F.1E. MosKovlcs Erm.. 247,661

SHAVING DEVICE Filed Aug. 2 4, 1938 gsneets-sneet 1 llll H l if AT RN EYS Ju1y1, 1941.

F. E. MosKOvlcs Erm.

' s HAvING DEVICE Filed Aug. 24, 193s -2 sheetssneet 2 INVENTORS `Patented:July v1, 1941 sHAvING DEVICE Frederick E. Moskovics, Greenwich, Conn., and Victor R. Abrams, Maplewood, NI.- J., assgnor, by direct and mesne assignments, to Eleanor U. Andrews, Greenwich, Conn.

Application August 24, 1938, Serial No. 226,410

' relaims. (ci. 30-43) This invention relates to shaving devices and particularly toshaving devices of the type known as dry Shavers which include a thin perforated skin-contacting shear plate and motor-driven cooperating shearing blades which coact with the shear plate to sever hairs that project through the perforations in the shear plate. v

In our Patent No. 2,119,021, granted May 31, 1938, and our copending application, Serial No. 210,682, filed May 28, 1938 and patented April 15, 1941, as Patent No. 2,238,278, we have disclosed a shaving devicev characterized by a convex or dome-like skin-contacting shear plate formed of extremely thin metal and provided with a multiplicity of perforations. The skin-contacting shear plate is adapted to be held against the surface to be shaved and the hairs which project through the perforations in the shear plate are severed by means of comparatively thinblades, which are supported in a member which rotates about an axis normalY or erpendicular to the center of the shear plate. e blades are capable vofradial and axial movement relatively to the plate during-the cutting action and thereby cut member and are provided-with edge portionsv which cooperate with inclined surfaces on the mem-ber in order to urge the blades against the inner surface of the shear plate 'upon rotation of the member. The comparatively great expanse of the shear plate as compared with the limited area of the blades allows 'the hairs to project readily through the apertures in the shear plate andare eiciently severed by the rapid movement and action of the cutter blades. d

An object of the invention is tosrnplify the shaving devices described above and to improve the shearing action of such devices.-

An object of the present invention is to provide a shaving apparatus in which motion transmitting drives are-eliminated, thereby eliminating friction losses-and simplifying and increasing the efiiciency of operation of the apparatus.

Another object of the invention is to provide a shaving apparatus in which an improved shearing action is produced by utilizing blades having i ycuttingedges which act to sever the hairs cleanly in the manner of a razor bladel Vwhch, furthermore. are self-sharpening.

Another object of the invention is to provide shearing devices having cutting blades which tend to draw the hair through the cooperating shear the hair more closely to the skin than has been possible heretofore.

Another object of the invention is to provide shearing devices having vibrating shear plates which cause the hair to project through the shear plate and to be severed close to the skin.

Other objects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of. typical forms of devices embodying the invention.

Shaving devices embodying the invention consist of a thin shearing plate shaped as a surface of revolution having a multiplicity of perforations therein, and a motor driven member which is movable through a path of constantly changing angularity about an axis which is approximately concentric with the center of curvature of th'e shear plate and having one or moreI guideways or slots therein in which are mounted blades which are free to move into shearing relationship with the under surface of the arcuate shear plate.

VThe blades consist of a body member which has a laterally projecting flange thereon provided with a sharp cutting edge formed at the intersection of the two surfaces, one of which is formed concentrically with the shear plate and the otherl is inclined at an angle to the shear plate' to thereby produce a wedge shaped cutting edge.

More particularly, the invention is embodied in a'device which may have either a dome-shaped or an arcuate skin-contacting shear plate with which the blades cooperate to sever the hairs. The blades may take several4 forms and may either be rigid integral constructions in which the shearing edge portion is formed by bending or otherwise forming the yblade into an L or T shaped construction or -by attaching a blade portion to the body mem-ber by rivets or by pivotal connections whereby the blade may move relatively to the body of the blade to adjust itself into intimate contact with the shear plate.

Because of the wedge-shaped form of the shearing edge in which the inclined surface diver-ges from the shear plate,- upon contact of the shearing edge with a,hair,'it will tend to wedge and draw the hair into the perforation and, at the same time, sever it cleanly and sharply. Blades of this type, therefore, do not sever-hair only by cooperative action of `two or more shearing edgesas is the case in many types of dry shaving devices, but sever it cleanly with a knife action upon impact of the blade with :the hair. Likewise, by disposing the cutting edge at an angle to the main body portion of the blade and mounting the blade in the guide of the supportythe invention are adapted tobe used with great eiliciency in shaving devices of the oscillatory or rotary type for the reason that the shearing edges are maintained ina proper engagement with the cooperating surfaces of the shear plate; Those blades which have movably mounted cutting edges are particularly adapted for use Vwith the rotary and oscillatory types ofsh'aving devices, for the reascnfthat they conform to changes in position of the main body of the blade as well as changes in contourl .of the shear plate, 'thus maintaining uniform shearing contact through'- out their entire area.

Because of the uniform contact and the cony stant tendency of the blade to movel outwardly during operation of the shaving device, the blades are substantially self-sharpening, since normal Figure 3 is a perspective view of a blade, great-v wear on the contacting vsurface 'renews the keenness of the cutting edge without varying theangular relationship between the surfaces which intersectto form the cutting edge.

AShaving devices embodying theA invention may be reduced to the simplest'form by utilizing a shear plate associated with the fixed armature of a motor and by providing the rotor of the motor with guides for receiving the blades. The shearing plate and the rotor preferably are concentric and therefore, upon rotation of the rotor, the movably mounted cutting blades are urged outwardly into engagementI with the inner surfaces of the shear plate to obtain the proper shearing engagement therebetween.` This type of construction does not require motion transmitting mechanisms in' order to actuate theblade supporting member. A quiet running and eiiciently operating device therefore, can readily be manufactured. The shear plate maybe associated in..

any desired way with the fixed armature of the motor. cylindrical tube of non-magnetic material which -will,l therefore, not affect the -magnetic field of the motor.

Such non-'magnetic'alloys as copper-beryllium' alloys may be used, ii' desired.

Preferablylt is made in the form of a` '45 However, the operation of the motor is not materially alteredeven when a steel shearing plate is used, for the reason that its thinness and perfora-tions reduces its mass so as to alter the magnetic eld only within the Working limits desired.

Any of the devices described above maybe I provided with means for imparting a vibratory or oscillatory or gyratory movement to the shear plate in order to cause the shear plate to work over the.face and by repeated impact to cause the hair to be'projected through the perforations in the shear plate.

ing drawings, in which Figure 1 is an end view of a typical form of shaving device embodying the invention with the The vibratory'movement has been found kto be'eifective in assuring close sever shear plate partly broken away to disclosedetails of the cutting'mechanism;

Figure 2 is a side view of the device disclosed in Figure 1, shown partly in -section and partly 1y enlarged, `embodying the invention;

Figures 4, 5 and 6 are yperspective views of modified forms of blades; l Figure 7 is a view in vertical section of another form of shavingdevice, embodying the features of the invention;

Figure 8 is a perspective View of the shaving device disclosed in Figure 'I with one of the cover.. plates removed to show details ofthe construction and with the motor thereof shown partly in section`; I

lFigure 9 is Figure 12 is a diagrammatic showing of a modi'-V ed form of shaving device; 1

Figure 13 is a side view cfa part of a modified form of blade-supporting member@ Figure 14 is a plan view of the blade-supporting member shown in Figure 13;

Figures 15 and 16 are planyiews of counterbalancing devices for a cutter member; and

1 vFigure 1'7 is a sectional view of a cutter member with the 'counterbalancing -devices japplied thereto.

In Figures l and 2 of he drawings is disclosed a shaving device of the type 'described more particularly in our copending application, Serial No.

210,682, filed May 28, 1938 This 'shaving device consists of a handle I0 in which is mounted van electric motor, not shown, for actuatingasupporting orcutter member II, which is fixed by means of `a set screw I2 to the upper end` of the.

The cutter member II i i isprovided with a riniA Il having a conical inner surface I5 against which bear the inclined edges shaft I3 of the motor;

I6 of a :plurality of blades I1. The blades AI1 are received in radially extending slots I8 in the c utter member II and are capable of axialas well as radial movement during rotation'f the cutter member I I, whereby engagement of the edges I6 of the blades I1 with the conical surface I5 will cause the cutting edges of the blades t`o move into intimate engagement with the under surface of a shear plate I9. The shear plate I9 is of d ome or convex' shape and is supported at its periphery inv a collar 20 which is detachably conthe blades against the under surface of the shear p/late I9 in shearing relationship.

The blades indicated generally as I1 may take many different forms. In order to obtain the most efficient and rapid shearing action they are provided with a laterally extending portion which forms a keen cutting edge on one or both sides ofthe blade. Referring to Figure 3, a blade II is shown, which consists of a body portion 24 having an aperture 25 ltherein for receiving the spring ring 22 and a widened blade portion 26 having oppositely directed longitudinally cutting edges end .view of the ,blade shown a perspective view of one form-of blade, Vgreatly enlarged, suitable -for use in the thin metal since the magnetic iield is not altered 28 and 2 9 with respect to the upper surfaces may vary between about 22 and 68 while an inclination ofy about 30?v has .been found to be entirely satisfactory. 'Ihis type of blade maybe used with equal -facility with a rotary type of shaving device or an'oscilatory type, for the reason that a surface of substantial width is provided, which maintains the cutting edges 21 yor 21 in proper relationship to the shear-plate and they therefore, can cut with equal effectiveness in either direction of `movement of the supporting member. A double-edge type of blade is disclosed in Figure 4. 'I'his blade consists ofa body portion having an yaperture 3| therein for receiving xa retaining ring. Oppositely directed shearing edges 32l and 33 are formed on the upper portion of the Ibody'membe'r, imparting to it a generally T-shaped cross section, and these edges are separated by a longitudinally extending groove 34 which reduces the area of contact between the4 blade and the shear plate.

The form of blade disclosed in Figure 5 is provided with a single shearing edge portion 35 which projects laterally from the ybody 36 of the blade. The shearing edge portion 35 may -be formed by bending thefupper edge of the blade and honing the upper surface 3'| to produce a keen laterally extending cutting edge 35'. Likewise, the blade may be preformed and then honed or lapped'to produce 4the cutting edge.

The modified form of the blade disclosed in Figure 6 may also be used with equal facility in a rotary type of' razor. This blade consists of a strip of metal 38 which is bent along a longitudinal line 39.to form diverging'portions 40 and 4I having a reiativeincnnauon of about 120. Thev blade portion 4| is provided with a cutting edge 42 which is formed by lapping or honing the upper edge of the blade. VThe blade portion and the apex portion formed along the bending line 39 engage opposite sides of the guide slot i8 and thereby position it for radial and axial movement relatively tothe guideway.

A modified form of shaving device is disclosed in Figures 7 and 8, which operates similarly to the shaving device disclosed in Figures 1 and 2. 'I'he shaving device disclosed in Figures 7 and 8 consists primarily of an electric motor of any desired type, such. as for example, squirrel cage, A. C.-D. C., or make and break contact motor of the type ordinarily used in electric shaving devices. The motor suitably consists of a fixed eld 50, which is mounted in any desired way in a handle casing 5| and which has its pole portions 52 and 53 disposed adjacent the upper portion of the casing 5|. The motor is shown somewhat diagrammatically, for the reason that the specific type of motor is not a feature 4of this invention,

any suitable type -of motor 'being satisfactory.` Between the opposed pole portions 52 .and 53 of unduly by the presence of this thin metal. The shell 54 may be anchored in position by lugs 56 projecting from the pole portions 52 and 53 into.

apertures 51 in the shell 54. If desired, the shell 54 may be formed of a plurality of sectors which may be anchored to the ield 50 or the casing in v any desired way. 'I'he shell 54 may be reinforced and retained'in the casing by arcuate bands 56v which extend over and embrace the end of the shell.l Mounted concentrically in the shell 54 is lthe'rotor 59 of the motor which cooperates with 'the xed field 5||.A The rotor 59 is provided 'withradially vextending slots 60 or guiding devices V which. receive any type of shearing blades such as 6|. 'I he blades 6| are movable radially of theslots, and therefore are urged outwardly into engagement Withjthe inner surface' of the shell 54 byrotation of the rotor. As shown particularly in Figure 8, endwise movement of the Iblades is prevented by means of end plates 62 which are screwed or otherwise fixed to the'end of the rotor 59. It will be understood that the shaft 63 which supports the rotor may lbe journaled in suitable bearings in the end portions of the motor or cas-- ing 5|. 'Apertures (not shown) may be provided in the ends of the casing 5| and communicating v with the interior of the shell 54 to allow removal of thesevered hair.

- In operationf the rotor 59 revolves at highv speed, and the centrifugal force generated by rotation thereof urges the blade 6| directly radially outwardly into contact with the inner surfaces of the shell 54, there-by wiping the blades rapidly across the perforated portion of the shell and severing hairs which project through the perforations 5 5.

l Blades of the type previously described may be used in this type of shaving device, the only modification-being the provision of straightfshearing edges and a generally rectangular body instead of curved edges, and a generally trapezoidal body. In Figure9 is disclosed a T-shaped blade which may be used to particular advantage in the type of shaving device disclosed in Figures 7 and 8i This blade consists of a body portion 65 of flat rectangular shape which has mounted on its upper edge a concavo-convex blade 66 having oppositely directed shearing edges 61 and 68. The :blade portion 66 is loosely connected to the body portion 65 -by means of pins or rivets 69 which allow a limited rocking movement of the blade portion 66 with respect to the body 65 thereof.

The T-shaped blade shown in Figures 10 and 11 is similar to the blade disclosed in Figure 9. This modied form of blade consists of a generally rectangular nat body portion 10 having upwardly projecting arms 1| which are provided with inwardly directed pivot portions 12. Oscillatably mounted on the pivot portions 12 is a blade member 13 formed of-thin metal which is bent to provide a substantially tubular center having cutting edges thereon. The pivot members 12 are received'in the tubular or socket portion 14 of the blade portion 13, thereby retaining it against longitudinal and transverse movement but allowing relative oscillatory movement plate.` Likewise, these blades are reversible and ther'eby'have substantially twice the cutting life of the ordinary single edge blades. Also, these blades are self -sharpening, for the reason that as the blade portion wears away, very little any change in the angular relationship ybetween the surface forming the shearing edge occurs. f The form of device disclosed diagrammatically in Fig. 12 includes features that are present in the forms of devices disclosed in Figs. 1 2, 'l and 4 tending longitudinally of the casing 8|.

rotor 84 has a central bearing aperture 86 which` 8. 'The' device disclosed in Fig. 12 includes a dome-shaped shear` plate80 detachably supported on the upper end of thel handle casing 8|. Within the casing is a motor consisting of pole or eld pieces 82 and 83 between which is rotatably supported the rotor 84 which has its axis ex- The receives a shaft 81. The shaft 81 is'xed to a non-magnetic cross-piece 88 extending between rand fixed to the pole pieces 82 and 83.-

zThe upper end of the rotor 84 in Fig. 1'2 is pro- Y vided with a cutter member 89, similar to member disclosed in Figures 1 and 2, and carrying "the blades 90, .which may be'any of the forms described, such as that illustrated in Fig." 5, for

example.

Upon energzation of the field pieces `82 and 83, the rotor 84 rotatesvcausinga shearing action to take `place between the blades 90 carried by the cutter member 89 and the shear plate 80.

It has been found by experimentation on the hair of various individuals that an improved shearing action may be obtained in many-instances by imparting a vibratory or gyratory movement to the shear plate. Apparently the movement of the shear plate' causes the hairs to be worked into` the perforations j of the shear plate and to be extended a greater distance from the skin, thus allowing ythe hair to be severed closer to the skin.

In Figures 13 and 14 is shown a modified form of the blade-supporting part A9| of a cutter mem- Aber with the blades omitted, this part 9| being drilled orotherwise formed to be mechanically the configuration of the blades without depart- .ing from the invention. Therefore, the above described embodiments of the invention should be considered as illustrative andnot as limiting the scope of the following claims. f

We claim: 1

1. In a shaving device, the combination of a thin shear plate having a curved surface vformed as at least a part of a surface of revolution and having a lmultiplicity of perforations therein, a

Ablade supporting member movable about an axis coincident with the axis of revolution of the shear plate, at least one guide on said member extending substantially radially to the axis of movement thereof, a blade in and movable radially of the guide into cutting engagement with said shear plate in response. to movement of said member, said blade comprising a body member maintained and movable in substantially constant angular relationship to said member, and a portion extending laterallyfrom said body member in the direction of movement of said blade supporting member and having a sharp cutting edge formed by at least two intersecting surface portions, one of which engages and is symmetric with the shear plate and the other is inclined at an angle thereto.

2. In a shaving device, the combination of a,

thin perforated shear plate, a blade supporting member movable relatively to said shear plate and having a slot arranged transversely to the general direction of movement of the member, a blade body relatively loosely mounted in said slot, and a double-edged blade f relatively loosely mounted on said body with its opposite edges wiping the under-side of said shear plate during movement of said ,member for ,cooperation with the perforations therein to sever hairs pro-Y jected therethroughyone of said edges acting as a guide -for the other edge to maintain the latter in cutting relationfwith the edges of the perforations in the shear plate.

unbalanced, whereby upon rotation the entire Y shearing device will vibrate and cause the as- :ociated shear plate towork over the skin. As illustrated, an aperture 92, formed as by drilling, is directed radially of the part 9|. -However, any other means may be used for unbalancing the cutter member. 1

A variable effect unbalancing construction is shown in Figs. 15 to 17. This construction consists of a pair of like disks 93 and 94, provided with cutouts 95 ,and 96, respectively. These disks may be xed beneath the cutter member 91 :n any desired relative positions. By placing the cutouts 95 and 96 in alignment, the greatest amount of unbalance is obtained, and by varying their relative positions, the unbalanced state may be decreased-until they are accurately counterbalanced as s hown in Fig. 17.

YShaving devices of the type described above utilizing the form of blades disclosed in Figures 1 to6 andato 11, shave rapidly and with a minimum of razor pull. The reason for this is that la true cutting action takes place because of the leenness of the cuttingA edge, and scraping of the hairs` with its'consequent pulling is entirely avoided. Preferably the blades should be made as keen" as practicable by reducing theangle between the surfaces 4forming the shearing edge.

" It will be understood that there canbe many4 changes made inthe form of the shear plate ,and

3. In a shavingdevice, the combination of a thin, perforated, curvedfshear plate formed as at least a\part of a surface of revolution, a blade support movable about an axis substantially coincident with the axis of revolution 'of saidy shear plate, said blade support having a slot arranged substantially radially of the said axis and transversely of the direction of movement of the support, and. a'substantially flat blade loosely iny serted in said slot at one side with its freeside /thin shear plate formed as at least a part of a surface of revolution having-a multiplicity of perforations therein, a blade supporting member movable about an axis coincident with the axis of revolution of the shear plate, at least one guide on said member extending transversely of the direction of movement of said member, a blade -loosely disposed in andmovable radially in the guide into cutting engagement with said shear plate in response to movement of said member,

said blade comprising a body member and a blade portion having oppositely directed shearing edges mounted at an edg of the body member for rocking movementI relatively thereto, said shearing edges being formed by atleast two intersecting surface portions, one of whichengages and is symmetric withthe shear plate and the other is inclined at an angle thereto. v

5. In a shaving device, the combination of a thin shear plate formed as at least a part of a surface of revolution having a .multiplicity of perforations therein, a blade supporting member movable about an axis coincident with the'axis of revolution of the shear plate, at least one guide on said member` extending substantially transversely ofthe direction of movement lof said L member, a bladeloosely disposed in and movable radially in the guide into cutting engagement with ,said shear plate in response to movement of said member, said blade comprising a body member having inwardly projecting pivot portions adjacent its endsand a' thin curved blade'portion having oppositely directed shearing edgesand sockets in its ends for receiving said pivot portions, said shearing edges being formed by at least two intersecting surface portions, one-of .which engages and is symmetric with the shear plate and the other is inclined at an angle thereto. 6. A blade for -a shaving device comprising a thin substantially ilat blade body portion having an elongated upper edge, a cutting edge portion extending-longitudinally of said body 'portion adjacent said elongated edge, said cutting edge portion having oppositely directed cutting edges pro- Jecting outwardly beyond the sides of said body portion, and means connecting said blade portion to the body portion for relative rocking mo ve \ment.

,y VICTOR R. ABRAMS.,

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