US2243994A - Soluble oil - Google Patents

Description

Patented June 3, 1941 SOLUBLE on.

Elmer Wade Adams, Hammond, Ind., and Frederick H. MacLaren, Calumet City, ML, assignors to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Indiana No Drawing. Application December 30, 1938, Serial No. 24851.8.

6 Claims.

The present invention relates to the improvement in soluble oils and particularly to soluble oils containing chlorinated sulfonates.

Soluble oils are oils containing dissolved emulsifying agents so that when they are poured into water they immediately form stable emulsions without the use of special dispersing means. Such oils are suitable for use as cutting oils, drawing oils, textile and wool oils, tree sprays, lubricants, coal sprays, anti-rust oils and for other uses.

It is the object of. the present invention to provide a soluble oiLhaving improved emulsifying properties and wetting properties. It is another object of the present invention to provide a soluble oil having disinfectant and germicidal properties which will prevent dermatitis, which operators sometimes acquire from contact with ordinary soluble oils, as well as putrefaction of the soluble oil emulsion after extended use.

We have discovered that the foregoing objects can be attained by employing as the emulsifying agent in our soluble oils, chlorinated sulfonates,

particularly the chlor derivatives of preferentially I oil soluble sulfonates and more particularly the chlorinated preferentially oil soluble sulfonates obtained in the sulfuric acid treatment oi mineral oils. These petroleum sulfonates are more popularly known as mahogany soaps in the petroleum refining art, and will be hereinafter referred to as mahogany soap.

The mahogany soap which we chlorinate may in general be prepared as described in the U. S. patent to Humphreys No. 1286;179. Mineral oils are treated with a number of dumps of concentrated or turning sulfuric acid and the resulting sludge is separated from the oil after each dump. The water soluble sulfonic acids, often referred to as green acids, are withdrawn with the sludge and the preferentially oil soluble sulfonic acids (mahogany acids) remain dissolved in the oil.- Upon neutralization of the acid treated oil, the mahogany acids are converted to mahogany soaps, and are extracted from the oil with a 50% aqueous alcohol solution. When the mahogany soap, as such, is employed in the preparation of soluble oils, they must be further purified to remove therefrom sodium sulfate and other salts.

In the preparation of our improved soluble oil this further purification of the mahogany soap I becomes unnecessary. The neutralized mahogany soap containing 'salts and some free caustic, is treated at a temperature within the range of about 120 F, to about 150 F. with chlorineuntll the chlorinated soap contains from about 5% to about 20% of chlorine. The chlorinated product is again neutralized with caustic, washed with an alcohol solution to separate salts and other impurities therefrom and alcohol and water removed from the chlorinated product by evaporation or other suitable means.

Instead of. chlorinating the neutralized mahogany acids, we may chlorinate the acids first and then neutralize the chlorinated acids.

Our improved soluble oil preferably contains a mineral oil, chlorimatted mahogany soap, soda resin soap and small amounts of alcohol and water. Because of the improved wetting properties imparted to the soluble oil by the chlorinated mahogany soap, the amount of soda rosin soap used may be materially decreased and in some cases eliminated. The preferred formula for our improved soluble oil has'the following range of composition:

. Per cent Oil 79.5 to 89 Chlorinated mahogany soap 5 to 18 Soda rosin soap .0 to 3.5 Alcohol, not more than 1.5

Water, about 1 The oil used as a base in preparing the soluble oil may be any mineral oil of the proper viscosity, although we prefer to use a mineral oil having a Saybolt viscosity between and 300 seconds at F. The oil may be either lightly refined as by distillation, solvent extraction, clay treating or other chemical treatment, or it may be a highly refined, or so-called white oil. These oils may be used as such or together with small amounts of addition agents such as antioxidants, etc.

The soda rosin soap may be prepared 'in the conventional manner and it may be replaced in our formula by any other equivalent water soluble soap.

' Although we prefer to use a small amount of alcohol in the composition for the purpose of aiding in the initial dispersion, under certain condi-' tions it may be omitted. A small amount of water is used to aid the dispersion and also to assist in retaining the alcohol when the latter is used in a composition.

Our improved soluble oil has several advantageous properties which makes it superior to prior soluble oils. We' have found that the use of chlorinated mahogany soap materially increases the emulsibility of the soluble oil and improves its wetting property. Workers who are in contact with soluble oil lubricants frequently suii'er fromskin infections or dermatitis. The germicidal and disinfectant properties of the chlorinated mahogany soap is effective in inhibiting or eliminating skin infections or dermatitis. Although we have described our invention with reference to a specific composition range, it is not intended that the same shall beregarded as a limitation upon the scope of the invention except insofar as included in the accompanying claims.

We claim:

1. An emulsifiable composition having improved emulsifying and wetting properties comprising an oil and a chlorinated oil-soluble soap of sulfonic acid.

2. An emulsifiable composition having improved emulsifying and wetting properties comprising a hydrocarbon oil, a chlorinated preferentially oil soluble soap of sulfonic acid and soda rosin soap.

3. An emulsifiable composition as describedin claim 2 in which the chlorinated preferentially oil-soluble soap of sulfonic acid is a chlorinated mahogany soap.

. Per cent Oil, 75.5 to 89 Chlorinated mahogany soap 5 to 18 Soda rosin soap 0 to 3.5 Alcohol, not more than 1.5 Water, about 1 6. A soluble oil composition having improved emulsifying and wetting properties containing a mineral oil, soda rosin soap, and a chlorinated soda mahogany soap having a chlorine content of from about 5% to about 20%.

ELMER WADE ADAMS. FREDERICK H. MACLAREN.