[go: up one dir, main page]

US2240914A - Device for converting atoms - Google Patents

Device for converting atoms Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2240914A
US2240914A US274734A US27473439A US2240914A US 2240914 A US2240914 A US 2240914A US 274734 A US274734 A US 274734A US 27473439 A US27473439 A US 27473439A US 2240914 A US2240914 A US 2240914A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
grid
discharge
acceleration
ions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US274734A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Schutze Werner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fides Gesellschaft fuer die Verwaltung und Verwertung von Gewerblichen Schutzrechten mbH
Original Assignee
Fides Gesellschaft fuer die Verwaltung und Verwertung von Gewerblichen Schutzrechten mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fides Gesellschaft fuer die Verwaltung und Verwertung von Gewerblichen Schutzrechten mbH filed Critical Fides Gesellschaft fuer die Verwaltung und Verwertung von Gewerblichen Schutzrechten mbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2240914A publication Critical patent/US2240914A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H3/00—Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
    • H05H3/06—Generating neutron beams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J27/00—Ion beam tubes
    • H01J27/02—Ion sources; Ion guns

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device for converting atoms, in which rapidly traveling ions "are caused to act on certain substances such as deuterium (heavy hydrogen) forinstance in order to produce neutrons.
  • such a. device comprises a discharge unit havingan anode'a'ndfan electron source, a grid whichsurroundsthe dis:--
  • Theflrst-mehtioned discharge unit which is ,design'ated inthefollowing description as an auxiliary dischargedevice, serves to supply the positiveions to the fmain dischargeipassing. through; the grid to "the acceleration electrodel
  • the negatively; biased grid-surrounding the auxiliary. discharge device consists preferably of a cylindrical netting or of a perforated sheet metal cylinder. This grid pre .Hg. is maintained, in the vessel.
  • the inner surface of the acceleration electrode is formed of such a substance.
  • FIG. 1 a longitudinal cross section through a discharge device according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 the wiring diagram of the electrodes of the same device, identical reference numbers being used in both figures for designating corresponding '10:
  • l denotes the electron source of the auxiliary discharge device andconsists, for instance, of a.- hollow cathode provided with a spiral heating element, and 2 denotes the anode in the form of a hollow cylinder.
  • the grid 3 consists of a perforated cylinder or a netting which fully surrounds the auxiliary dischargegap.
  • 5 is the acceleration electrode, the inner surface of which is to be provided with the substances to be converted. :
  • the acceleration electrode 5 is surrounded by a cooling jacket.
  • the cooling water is supplied through a nipple l3 and leavesthe jacket at It.
  • a gas pressure of 0.01 to 0.1 mm.
  • drogen is introduced through a conduit I into a cap 6 of the vessel, the cap 6 consisting, for instance, of glass. ,The other capB- isprovided therein.. .
  • the distance between the grid and the negative acceleration electrcdekirnust be chosen so small that a, gas discha'rgegcannot occur therein. y
  • the known ion ray tubes diil'er considerably from the tube accordingto the invention in that a relatively fine stream of ions is produced by means of a high acceleration voltage, whereas according to the invention an intense stream of ions is caused to uniformly act on a large surface, the electrons emitting from the cathode in all directions being utilized for the production of ion rays.
  • the difliculties incidental to the continuousmaintenance of a high vacuum within the acceleration chamber are also removed by the present invention.
  • the substance to be acted upon by the rapidly traveling ions for instance heavy hydrogen, must be so applied that it covers the inner surface of the acceleration electrode.
  • the known capability of certain substances, such as carbon in liquid air, palladium, tantalum or zirconium, to adsorb hydrogen may be utilized.
  • the cathode I and anode 2 are connected toxa battery II.
  • the grid 3 is connected to a battery Land the acceleration electrode 5 to a high-voltage source l2.
  • the acceleration electrode has a negative potential relative to the auxiliary discharge, and thus forms the cathode of the main discharge gap.
  • the negative grid voltage supplied by the battery l0 may have a magnitude between 10 and 50 volts.
  • the anode voltage for the auxiliary discharge amounts, for instance, to to 300 volts.
  • the intensity of the current flowing in the anode circuit varies from 1 to 50 amperes depending upon the size of the tube and the voltage applied to the latter.
  • the high-voltage supplied from source l2 to the acceleration electrode (cathode 5) has a magnitude of, for instance, 10 to 50 kv.
  • the intensity of the currents flowing in the cathode circuit is between 0.1 and 5 amperes.
  • the distance between the grid 3 and cathode 6 is, for instance, about 2 mm.
  • Other voltage and current values may be chosen, depending upon the desired production of neutrons or the like, for which currents are required whose positive ions have a given size and speed.
  • An apparatus for irradiating substances with ions comprising a discharge vessel, a cathode and an anode in said vessel for producing a gas discharge forming the source of the ions, 8. grid surrounding said discharges and extending from said cathode to said anode over the entire length of said discharge, means for impressing on said grid a potential negative with respect to said gas discharge, and an acceleration high-voltage cathode closely surrounding said grid, said latter cathode having its inner surface provided with the substance to be irradiated by the ions passing through said grid.
  • An apparatus for treating substances with fast ions comprising a discharge vessel, a cathode and an anode in said vessel for producing a gas discharge forming the source of the ions, a cylindrical grid surrounding said gas discharge and extending over the entire length of said discharge, means for impressing said grid with a potential negative with respect to that of said cathode, an acceleration high-voltage cathode of cylindrical shape surrounding said arid.
  • An apparatus for irradiating a substance with fast ions comprising a discharge vessel, a cathode and an anode in said vessel for producing a gas discharge forming the source of the ions, a grid surrounding said discharge and extending from said cathode to said anode over the entire length of said discharge, means for impressing a potential to said grid negative with respect to said discharge, an acceleration highvoltage cathode in the shape of a cylinder closely surrounding said grid and having its inner surface at least partly formed of adsorptive material capable of 'holding the substance to be irradiated.
  • An apparatus for producing neutrons by causing fast ions to act on heavy hydrogen comprising a discharge vessel, a cathode and an anode in said vessel for producing a gas discharge forming the source of the ions, a cylindrical grid surrounding said discharge and extending over the entire length of said discharge, means for impressing said grid with a potential negative with respect to that of said cathode, an acceleration high-voltage cathode of cylindrical shape surrounding said grid, the distance be- 'stitial space between said tween said grid and said acceleration cathode being smaller than that required for producing a gas discharge, said cylindrical cathode having its inner surface formed of deuterium-adsorbing material, and conduit means connected with said vessel and communicating with the interstice between said grid and said acceleration cathode for passing heavy hydrogen through said interstice during the operation of the apparatus.
  • An apparatus for causing fast ions to act on a substance comprising a discharge vessel, a cathode and an anode in said vessel for producing a gas discharge forming the source of the ions, a cylindrical grid surrounding said discharge and extending over the entire length of said discharge, means for impressing said grid with a potential negative with respect to that ofsaid cathode, an acceleration high-voltage cathode of cylindrical shape surrounding said grid and having an inner surface capable of adsorbing the substance to be acted upon, the distance between said grid and said acceleration cathode being smaller than that requiredfor producing a gas discharge, and said acceleration cathode torming part ofa double-walled cooling chamber having conduit means for passing cooling liquid therethrough, and conduit meansforz passingthe substance to be acted upon through said vessel, said conduit means being in open communication with the intergrid and said acceleration cathode.
  • said acceleration cathode having an inner surface portion consisting of metal selected from the group of palladium, tantalum, and zirconium.
  • the gas atmosphere in said discharge vessel having a pressure of about 0.01 to 0.1 mm. Hg.
  • An apparatus for producing neutrons by irradiating deuterium with fast ions comprising a discharge vessel, a cathode and an anode in said vessel for producing a gas discharge forming the source of the ions, a grid surrounding said discharge and extending from said cathode to said anode over the entire length of said discharge, means for impressing on said grid a potential negative with respect to said gas discharge, and an acceleration high-voltage cathode closely surrounding said grid, said latter cathode having its inner surface provided with an absorbent carbon coating capable of holding the deuterium to be irradiated.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US274734A 1938-05-20 1939-05-20 Device for converting atoms Expired - Lifetime US2240914A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2240914X 1938-05-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2240914A true US2240914A (en) 1941-05-06

Family

ID=7991866

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US274734A Expired - Lifetime US2240914A (en) 1938-05-20 1939-05-20 Device for converting atoms

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2240914A (xx)
BE (1) BE434469A (xx)
FR (1) FR854947A (xx)
NL (1) NL53894C (xx)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454757A (en) * 1943-10-01 1948-11-23 Lester H Smith Electric space-charge device
US2489436A (en) * 1947-12-17 1949-11-29 Collins Radio Co Method and apparatus for producing neutrons
US2786143A (en) * 1955-08-16 1957-03-19 Ruby Lawrence Source unit for producing ionized gas
US2882412A (en) * 1953-06-03 1959-04-14 Olin Mathieson Apparatus for treating plastic material
US2899556A (en) * 1952-10-17 1959-08-11 Apparatus for the treatment of substances
US2906903A (en) * 1954-04-07 1959-09-29 Elizabeth R Graves Low voltage 14 mev. neutron source
US2908823A (en) * 1954-02-18 1959-10-13 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Production of monoenergetic neutrons
US2933611A (en) * 1960-04-19 Neutron source
US2957096A (en) * 1954-06-10 1960-10-18 Nels K Bernander Neutron source
US2962593A (en) * 1957-11-04 1960-11-29 Tracerlab Inc Proportional valve
US2964634A (en) * 1960-12-13 Apparatus for producing neutrons
US2964665A (en) * 1955-12-01 1960-12-13 Tracerlab Inc Pressure control system
US2983834A (en) * 1955-05-09 1961-05-09 Armour Res Found Neutron discharge tube
US2991367A (en) * 1949-07-30 1961-07-04 Well Surveys Inc Neutron source
US2994776A (en) * 1956-04-26 1961-08-01 Gulf Research Development Co Stabilized borehole logging
US2994777A (en) * 1957-07-19 1961-08-01 Tracerlab Inc Neutron generator
US2994775A (en) * 1956-04-26 1961-08-01 Gulf Research Development Co Logging apparatus
US3003061A (en) * 1956-04-02 1961-10-03 Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst Electric discharges in gases
US3016461A (en) * 1957-07-15 1962-01-09 Armour Res Found Method and apparatus for generating neutrons
US3071690A (en) * 1949-07-30 1963-01-01 Well Surveys Inc Well logging radiation sources
US3112401A (en) * 1957-09-27 1963-11-26 Philips Corp Shielding to confine magnetic field to ion source area of a neutron generator
US4074140A (en) * 1976-02-18 1978-02-14 Ionit Anstalt Bernhard Berghaus Arrangement for measuring temperatures of workpieces to be treated by glow discharge
WO1991001037A1 (en) * 1989-07-13 1991-01-24 Shaffer George E Chemo-nuclear fusion methods
WO1991017546A1 (en) * 1990-05-09 1991-11-14 Mayer Frederick J Resonant direct nuclear reactions for energy and tritium production
WO1994006122A1 (en) * 1992-08-28 1994-03-17 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Enhanced d-d interaction overlap for fusion and neutron generation
WO1995012883A1 (en) * 1993-11-01 1995-05-11 Eneco, Inc. Glow discharge apparatus and methods providing prerequisites and testing for nuclear reactions

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2933611A (en) * 1960-04-19 Neutron source
US2964634A (en) * 1960-12-13 Apparatus for producing neutrons
US2454757A (en) * 1943-10-01 1948-11-23 Lester H Smith Electric space-charge device
US2489436A (en) * 1947-12-17 1949-11-29 Collins Radio Co Method and apparatus for producing neutrons
US3071690A (en) * 1949-07-30 1963-01-01 Well Surveys Inc Well logging radiation sources
US2991367A (en) * 1949-07-30 1961-07-04 Well Surveys Inc Neutron source
US2899556A (en) * 1952-10-17 1959-08-11 Apparatus for the treatment of substances
US2882412A (en) * 1953-06-03 1959-04-14 Olin Mathieson Apparatus for treating plastic material
US2908823A (en) * 1954-02-18 1959-10-13 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Production of monoenergetic neutrons
US2906903A (en) * 1954-04-07 1959-09-29 Elizabeth R Graves Low voltage 14 mev. neutron source
US2957096A (en) * 1954-06-10 1960-10-18 Nels K Bernander Neutron source
US2983834A (en) * 1955-05-09 1961-05-09 Armour Res Found Neutron discharge tube
US2786143A (en) * 1955-08-16 1957-03-19 Ruby Lawrence Source unit for producing ionized gas
US2964665A (en) * 1955-12-01 1960-12-13 Tracerlab Inc Pressure control system
US3003061A (en) * 1956-04-02 1961-10-03 Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst Electric discharges in gases
US2994776A (en) * 1956-04-26 1961-08-01 Gulf Research Development Co Stabilized borehole logging
US2994775A (en) * 1956-04-26 1961-08-01 Gulf Research Development Co Logging apparatus
US3016461A (en) * 1957-07-15 1962-01-09 Armour Res Found Method and apparatus for generating neutrons
US2994777A (en) * 1957-07-19 1961-08-01 Tracerlab Inc Neutron generator
US3112401A (en) * 1957-09-27 1963-11-26 Philips Corp Shielding to confine magnetic field to ion source area of a neutron generator
US2962593A (en) * 1957-11-04 1960-11-29 Tracerlab Inc Proportional valve
US4074140A (en) * 1976-02-18 1978-02-14 Ionit Anstalt Bernhard Berghaus Arrangement for measuring temperatures of workpieces to be treated by glow discharge
WO1991001037A1 (en) * 1989-07-13 1991-01-24 Shaffer George E Chemo-nuclear fusion methods
WO1991017546A1 (en) * 1990-05-09 1991-11-14 Mayer Frederick J Resonant direct nuclear reactions for energy and tritium production
WO1994006122A1 (en) * 1992-08-28 1994-03-17 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Enhanced d-d interaction overlap for fusion and neutron generation
WO1995012883A1 (en) * 1993-11-01 1995-05-11 Eneco, Inc. Glow discharge apparatus and methods providing prerequisites and testing for nuclear reactions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE434469A (xx)
NL53894C (xx)
FR854947A (fr) 1940-04-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2240914A (en) Device for converting atoms
US2489436A (en) Method and apparatus for producing neutrons
DE1515294C3 (de) Trioden-Anordnung zur Zerstäubung von Stoffen mittels einer elektrischen Niederspannungsentladung
US2735019A (en) Particle accelerator
US3132996A (en) Contra-rotating plasma system
ES366386A1 (es) Un aparato para generar reacciones de fusion.
US2920235A (en) Method and apparatus for producing intense energetic gas discharges
US3116433A (en) Production of neutral molecular beams
US2892114A (en) Continuous plasma generator
US2219033A (en) Method and device for generating a beam of ions of high velocity
US2499289A (en) Ion generator
DE68911741T2 (de) Abgedichtete Hochfluss-Neutronenröhre.
US2977495A (en) Ion source
US2934648A (en) Apparatus for the electric charging by means of radioactive preparations of matter suspended in a gas stream
US2733348A (en) Ion source units
US1863702A (en) Gaseous conduction method and apparatus
CS200163B2 (en) Method of high frequency electrical oscillations exciting and device for execution of this method
US3240970A (en) Method and apparatus for replenishing hydrogen in a neutron generator
US3275867A (en) Charged particle generator
GB1166051A (en) Improvements in or relating to Flash X-Ray Generation Methods and Apparatus
US2213140A (en) Device for generating a beam of ions of high velocity
US2697788A (en) Ion source
US3270243A (en) Apparatus for the establishment and acceleration of a narrow high current beam
US2677061A (en) Ion source
US3324027A (en) Apparatus for performing chemical and other processes under the action of gas ions