US2234780A - Cylinder head construction - Google Patents

Description

M M, 1941. E, V, RIPPINGILLE 2,234,780

CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 16. 1958 2 sheets-sheet 1 :Snventor Ju @i 1 @Zi (Ittornegs 11, 1941. E. v. RIPPINGILLE 2,234,780

CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION Filed Deo. 16, 1938 2 SheeLs--Sheerl 2 smse'nior till Patented Moi 11, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION Edward V. Rippingille, Detroit, Mich., assigner to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware l r Application December 16, 1938,A Serial No. 246,053

7 Claims.

strains due to expansion and contractionoccurriug during running of the engine, than those heretolore in use.

linother object of the invention '1s a cylinder headincluding an inner portion which takes the load oi the explosions and is lree to expand independently ci its enclosing housing, through which it le secured to the engine ironie.

li lurther object oi the invention is a cylinder head having a water cooled inner portion in which valves may be both seated and guided.

The above and other objects ci the invention will be apparent as the description proceeds.

.according to the invention the inner water cooled portion ci' the cylinder head is a built up steel construction, comprising a lower deck and an upper deck spaced trom each other, but rigidly united together by an inverted .tunnel .shaped strut which forms a water chamber jacket lor the parts of the cylinder' head exposed to the heat oi combustion. lalve pockets and seats are formed in the lowerdeck, and valve guides lor the stems oi the valves are provided in the upper deck. 'lhere 'are ports through the conical strut portion, constituting extensions ci the valve pockets into a housing which iorins a large collecting chamber and passageway for the how oi gases to or :trom the valves, and which holds the inner partei the cylinder head and the cylinder barrel in position on the engine trarne.

The drawings show the application oi the lnvention to a two cycle Diesel engine having tour exhaust valves and an injecter in the cylinder head', and piston controlled'inlet ports in the cylinder wall.

ln the drawings:

Fig. l is a sectional elevation of one cylinder and cylinder head according to the invention, showing the method ol mounting the assembly in the engine frame.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional View of the inner water cooled portion of the cylinder head along with the top end of the cylinder barrel, on line t-t of Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 is a plan. view oi Fig. 2.

liig. 4 is a view in sectional elevation, of a part on line -G of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation on line t-t of llg. Il. l

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the lower deck of the cylinder head.

The engine frame includes the crank casing i, and a Welded steel air box 2, rigidly bolted thereto.

The inner portion of the cylinder head comprises a lower deck 3, and an upper deck d, united by an inverted funnel shaped strut 5. The lower deck 3 is screw threaded as shown at il, for attachment -to the cylinder barrel l, a

' copper gasket 8 serving to effect aseal between.l

these parts.

The cylinder barrel 'l is provided with a port ring 9 for air inlet ports l0, and a lower llange l l. rl water jacket around the cylinder barrel is constituted by the sleeves il and il which are' braced thereto. Communication between the water jackets' formed by the sleeves lt and lt is through ducts (not shown), extending through the port ring t, between the ports it thereoi. llhe lower llange ll oi' the cylinder barrel rests on a packing ring lli or resilient material, on a shoulder lll oi the crank casing l.

Within the cylinder l, is a piston lili, with a connecting rod il, to the usual crankshaft (not shown).

The inner portion oi the cylinder head is enclosed by a housing it, having cored passages such as it, lor water cooling. The upper deck l oi the inner portion of the cylinder head, is piloted in a bore of the housing lil, there being a packing ring ill oi resilient material, between a flange il oi the upper deck and a shoulder of the bore through the housing it, through which the upper deck ll oi the inner portion entends.

The outer housing lil is provided with studs lll, through which it is fastened to a flange lli on the air bor. i, by nuts it. The outer housing has a plane bottom surface constituting an abutment which bears on the rim oi the lower deck and tightening ol the nuts it compresses the resilient packings ld and it, until the abutment on the housing bears also on the flange it, when the cylinder and cylinder head assembly are held securely in position.

"the upper dock t consists oi Itwo annular, rimmed discs, braced together at their outer periphery, to lorrn a hollow plate.

The lower deck t is oi generally conical shape to conform with the part t, and has a central bore tu, and lour symmetrically disposed ports t2, with seatlngs such as di, :lor exhaust valves not shown. `llockets 3d are formed between the ports, and pockets llt as shown .in Figures 5 and li, are termed between the valve ports and the outer rlrn or the lower deck il, to lighten this part and provide water cooling spaces separated by radial ribs t8, to which, to 'the rim of the lower deck 3, and to the lowermost of the discs ot the upper deck, the strut 5 is welded.

dit

dil

Three annular grooves 40, 4| and 42 are machined in the bore 30 of the lower deck 3, and are closed ofi by a tubular piece 44, which is screwed into the bore, below rthe grooves, and brazed to the uppermost of the discs of the upper deck, lto form a pocket for a fuel pump injector 48, which has a seating 49, in the lower deck 3.

There are ports 52 in the strut 5, coinciding with the ports 32 in the lower deck 3, through which the exhaust gases can ilow into lthe annular space above the strut 5 and below the upper edck 4, which, when the inner portion of .the cylinder head is enclosed by the housing I8, provides a chamber with an opening 54 for the ilow of gases to or fromv the valve pockets 32.

Bushings such as 55 for valve guides for each of the exhaust; valves, extend through the upper deck 4, and are brazed thereto; bushings -51 and 58 respectively, are brazed inthe upper deck, for a d-owel pin'59 on the injector, and a bolt 60 which holds the injector 43 on its seating by means of a hold down crab 6 I Ball socket pieces 64 for valve operating gear (not shown) are brazed in the upper deck between each pair of valve guidewbushings.

The spaces bounded by the lower deck 3, the strut 5, lthe tubular piece 44, and the two discs of the upper deck 4, are the Water jacket spaces' for these parts.

Interconnection between the Vannular grooves 40, 4l and 42 in the bore 30 andthe Water space around the tubular piece 44 is eiected through drilled holes 66, and each of the annular grooves 40, 4l and 42 communicates with each of the pockets 35 through holes 58, 69 'and l0, respectively. The grooves 40, 4l and 42 with their inlets 68, 69 and l0 and outlets 66 provide for an adequate flow of water in contact with the lower part of the sleeve 44 to dissipate heat more directly from the lower part of the injector 48.

Each pocket 35 is connected with its adjacent pockets 36, and vice versa, by drilled holes such as l2, while a plurality of drilled holes 14, connect .the pockets 35 and 36, with the water jacket of the cylinder barrel.

The water for cooling purposes enters the bottom of the water jacket of the cylinder barrel through holes 16, which extend Ithrough the shoulder I5, the packing ring I4, and the ilange Il, from a gallery 18 in the crank casing l. 'I'he water leaves the cylinder head, through a port 19 and a pipe 8U connected to the top deck 4 thereof.

A cover 82 for valve and injector operating gear (not shown), is bolted to the housing i6.

It will be seen, that the inner built up steel cylinder head is a strong but relatively light construction in which the four exhaust valves are both seated and guided, that this has been a-chieved while leaving space for a centrally disposed injector, with ample wa-ter jacketing for the cylinder head, the valves, their guides and the injector, and with valve ports opening directly into a large collecting chamber for .the

' exhaust gases from each of the valves.

When, as shown in the drawings, the cylinder barrel is secured to the cylinder head, there are no bolts and no joints between the cylinder head or the cylinder, and the engine frame, to be sealed against gas pressure leakage.

Furthermore, and since in a two cycle engine there is no reversal of gas pressure stresses, the

single abutment provided by the housing surrounding the cylinder head. atall times transmits the gas pressure thrust on the cylinder head .to the engine frame, and permits the cylinder head and cylinder barrel assembly to expand .axially in either direction away from the abutment.

I claim:v

1. In combination, a cylinder head, a cylinder barrel with a water jacket, and an engine frame, said cylinder head comprising an inner por-tion, secured to the cylinder barrel, and a separate portion constituting an outer housing bolted to the engine frame, said inner por-tion extending through the outer housing and said outer housing being rthe sole means of holding said inner portion and said cylinder barrel with its water jacket in position on the engine frame .between a single abutment on the outer housing and a resilient packing ring on the engine frame.

2. In combination, a cylinder head, a cylinder ba-rrel and an engine frame; said cylinder head comprising an inner portion secured yto the cylinder barrel, and an outer housing; valve pockets with valve seats and valve guides, and water cooling spaces therefor, within the inner portion, and a chamber for the flow oi gases to or from the valve pockets between the inner portion and the outer housing; said outer housing being the sole means of securing the inner portion of the cylinder head and the cylinder barrel to the engine frame.

3. A cylinder head comprising an inner portion and an outer housing, valve pockets with valve seats and valve guides in the inner portion, and a chamber formed between the inner por-tion and the outer housing, for the ilow of gases to or from lthe valve pockets.

4. The combination yaccording to claim 3, in which ithe inner yportion of the cylinder head comprises a lower deck and an upper deck united by a suitable strut member, the upper deck being piloted in the outer housing and having a shoulder bearing on a resilient packing ring in Ithe outer housing, said housing seating on the lower deck.

5. The combination according to claim 3, in which the inner portion of the cylinder head comprises a lower deck and a hollow upper deck, united by an inverted funnel shaped strut, the hollow upper deck and the space between the strut and the lower deck constituting water cooling chambers for the inner .portion of the cylinder head.

6. A cylinder head including a built up steel inner portion comprising a lower deck, an upper deck formed of two rimmed discs united at their outer periphery, and an inverted funnel shaped strut member uniting the lower deck to the lowermost of the two rimmed discs of Ithe upper. deck, there being valve pockets through the strut member and the lower deck, valve seats in the vlower deck and valve guides in the upper deck.

7. The combination according to claim 6, in which a tubular member connects the uppermost of the -two rimmed discs of the upper deck with the lower deck, to form a pocket for an injector; the spaces bounded by the lower deck, the strut, the two discs of the upper deck and the tubular member being water jacket spaces.

EDWARD V. RIPPINGILLE.

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