US2233664A - High speed flat knitting machine - Google Patents

Description

March 4, 1941. DERI ETAL 2,233,664

HIGH SPEED FLAT KNITTING MACHINE Filed May 25, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 8? 56 w k8 85 a 36 27 6 s5 1 a g6 March 4, 1941. B. DER! EITAL 2,233,664

HIGH SPEED FLAT KNITTING MACHINE 2 Shees-Sheet 2 Filed May 25, 1940 Q MINVENTORS Patented Mar. 4, 1941 UNITED STATES HIGH SPEED FLAT KNITTING MACHINE r Bruno Derl, Brooklyn, and Sebastian Gangi, New York, N. Y.

Q 1 Application May 25, 1940, Serial No. 337,120

12 Claim.

This invention relates to flat knitting machines of the type disclosed in our patent application, Serial No. 276,954, filed June 2, 1939, for Flat knitting looms.

3 One object of the invention is to provide a machine of the character described which shall be capable of knitting the usual commercial patterns with pattern chains only a small fractional part of the length of those heretofore re- 10 quired.

In constructing a machine for knitting a comparatively extensive pattern, we found that the pattern chains would have to be so large as to become a serious factor in the construction and :5 operation of the machine. We thereupon percelved that it would be highly desirable to find a way of knitting the pattern with the use of a much shorter chain.' The results finally attained greatly exceeded our expectations, in that we 20 are able to use pattern chains which are so much shorter and hence have so much less mass than those previously required.

By greatly reducing the number of links in the pattern chains, the time for setting up a 25 machine for the knitting of a new pattern may be reduced from several days to only a day or a day and a half, saving labor and diminishing the time of enforced idleness of the machine.

f much greater importance is the fact that 30 as a result of thus greatly reducing the weight of the pattern chains, their momenta and hence the vibrational effects due to reciprocation or oscillatory motion of the pattern chains become relatively negligible. Hence the speed of the 35 machine may. be doubled or otherwise greatly increased, thus substantially diminishing the cost of the knitted fabric. Accordingly a principal obstacle against the speed-up of such a machine is eliminated.

A related advantage and object of the invention is to provide a machine having improved means whereby the pattern chainsmay travel at half the speed formerly required, during reciprocation, to thus reduce vibrational effects, and nevertheless to permit the machine to do the same work and with the same flexibility of design. 1

It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a machine having improved means for the realization of the foregoing advantages.

Machines of the class herein alluded to were operated to lay the weft yarns in opposite or cross directions to produce a greater density of filling to thus obtain a better design and a superior fabric. This necessitated movement of (c1. se-ss) the pattern chains in opposite directions. We have overcome this limitation in order to secure the advantages hereinbefore noted, and nevertheless provide the cross-weft fabric.

Another object, therefore, is the provision of an improved means and method of operating a machine to achieve the advantages noted.

In the setting up of the machine, the pins for the pattern chain links had to be properly placed, and there had to be suflicient pins to directly actuate each weft carrier rod that was to be moved for each course of the machine. Aside from the weight added by the pins to the pattern chains, the labor of removing and resetting the same was considerable.

The invention therefore provides a machine having improved means whereby the number of pattern chain pins is cut in half.

It is to be considered that in accordance with the present invention, the number of pattern chain links may be reduced to one-fifth or onetenth of the number heretofore required, so that the number of link pins is correspondingly decreased. The number of link pins so reduced may now be out in half, according to the present invention; and it is an object of the invention to realize this advantage.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the specification proceeds.

With the aforesaid objects in view, the invention consists in the novel combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafter described in their preferred embodiments, pointed out in the subjoined claims, and illustrated in the annexed drawings, wherein like parts are designated by the same reference characters throughout the several views.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a view in front elevation showing a machine embodying the invention. with parts removed and parts in dot-dash lines.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary top plan view thereof with parts in section.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary viewin end elevation of the machine.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view in elevation showing details of construction shown in Fig. 2. I

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of a portion of the pattern chain drive.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of a fabric knitted by the said machine.

The advantages of the invention as here outlined are best realized when all of its features and instrumentalities are combined in one and the 65 ferred exemplification of the invention.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the artto which the invention appertains, that the same may be incorporated in several different constructions. The accompanying drawings, therefore, are submitted merely as showing the pre- Generally described, the invention provides a knitting machine and method of operating the same whereby a link or lengthwise movement of the pattern chains is effected only when there is a change in apattern section; in other words, during intermediate courses or stitches, the same link of each pattern chain continues to cause the longitudinal movement of the weft carrying rods. Hence if a design consists, for example, of seven rectangles of different widths along the weft, comprising atotal of seventy stitches, only seven links are required in each chain,'whereas formerly seventy were required, one for each stitch. For this purpose the pattern control devices which control the link movement of the pattern chains are coordinated with the other parts of the machine to cause a link to move to an operative position only when the width of a pattern section is to be changed; of course the length of a pattern section may be anything desired, according to the setting of the said pattern control devices. To render the foregoing operable, the reciprocation or oscillation of the pattern chains must be such that on any movement, both of them move simultaneously in the same direction. In view of this desideratum, pattern control devices must be provided individual to the different pattern chains. The reason for this requirement is that the different pattern chains do not have their link movements simultaneously since the reciprocatory movement of the chains is in the same direction as aforesaid. More specifically, when there is a change of pattern, one pattern chain is caused to have a link motion as it moves away from the weft carrier rods and then, upon the next course, the

other pattern chain is caused to have a link movement as it moves away from the weft carrler rods. The reason; why the pattern chains have their simultaneous traverse in like direction is that there shall always be a chain link available for actuating the weft carrier rods. If the pattern chains were to move in opposite directions, as heretofore, after they had advanced their respective rods, the latter would remain idle, and the reciprocation of the chains would cause no further actuation of said rods, at least not until the pattern chains had been moved to a different setting by the pattern control devices. The latter may have like settings, but their settings may be different from each other to produce de sign variations. By directly interconnecting adjacent weft carrier rods, as in pairs, the number of pins can be cut in half, since a rod actuated by a pin of one chain causes a movement in opposite direction by the companion rod; then the latter is actuated for reverse movement by a pin carried by the other chain and in turn moves the adjacent rod in opposite direction. By this movement of the rods in opposite directions the weft yarns are laid in crossed relation to each other in the same manner as heretofore accomplished by moving the pattern chains in opposite directions as hereinbefore mentioned. Accordingly it is seen that the conventional fabric, characterized by a crossed arrangement of the filling in weft yarns can be obtained even though the pattern chains are bodily moved in the same direction, a

result heretofore impossible; and consequently all the important advantages herein stated can be obtained, without in any way impairing the utility of the machine, and on the contrary, increasing its speed and its scope and saving labor and time in the use of the machine.

Referringin detail to the drawings, M denotes a flat knitting machine embodying the invention. The same may comprise a frame ii supporting a needle bed l2 and having end frame sections The latter may rigidly carry vertically reciprocable plates I having vertical parallel slots l 5 for slidably carrying a series of rods it. These rods it are longitudinally reciprocable in parallel relation to the needle bed i2. 'I'o afford support for these rods iiat intermediate points so as to avoid deflection due to the weight thereof, we

may provide a bridge l'l extending longitudinally of the machine and mounted on the end plate sections ll. Secured to this bridge is a bracket i8 slidably carrying a series of inverted U-shaped frame members I! whose lower ends are fixed to the rods IS. The detailed structure of the elements i8 and- I! may be like that shown in our co-pending application Serial No. 276,954,'here-'- ciprocable cross heads 25. Carried by the latter v at each end of the machine is a transverse shaft 26 on each of which are fixed a pair of sprocket wheels 21 for a pattern chain 28. Each pattern chain comprises a series of links 29, each of which may settably carry a number of removable pins 30 for engaging the ends of certain of the adjacent rods i6 in parallel relation therewith. Suitable means, hereinafter described, may be used to cause bodily reciprocation of the pattern chains 28, and intermittent longitudinaltravelthereof to move successive links to the operative relation described. As thus far disclosed, the machine may be substantially like that shown in our said copending application, Serial No.

The present invention aims to greatly shorten the length of the pattern chains 28 and hence the mass and momentum thereof upon reciprocation of these chains. Consequently the vibration caused by such reciprocation can be correspondingly reduced, and hence the speed of the machine can be greatly increased. Further, the i time and labor involved in setting up the machine for knitting a particular pattern is substantially diminished, and .the period of idleness of the machine is thus very materially reduced.

The invention also aims to provide that each pattern chain shall make only one-half of a reciprocation during each stitch or course of the machine, instead of making a complete reciproca tion for each stitch or course of the machine as heretofore. Thus the speed of knitting can be substantially increased for this additional reason, without causing objectionable vibration.

The principle involved may be readily explained by reference to Fig. 6, which illustrates a typical pattern made by machines of this general class. The fabric3i comprises a pattern 32 of a stepped design. It will be noted that there are seven rectangular sections, including a central section 33 and successive and sections 64, 36, I6. Certain of the sections may be of like width lengthwise of the filling, but this is immaterial. Likewise, certain of the sections may be of a length different than that of other sections; this is likewise immaterial, being controlled by the longitudinal or link movement of the pattern chains. The principle of the invention involves the use of a single link in each pattern chain for causing the knitting of any one of the sections. Assume that ten stitches or courses are required to knit one section; heretofore ten links were necessary be-- cause a different link was required for each course; but with the present invention only one link is sumcient for the section. In other words, if there are a total of seventy courses for the pattern, the total number of links heretofore required for each chain was seventy, but this number is now reduced to one-tenth as many links for each pattern chain for this particular pat tern. A change in setting, with the presentation of a. different link is necessary only when there is a change in the pattern sections, as in the transition from section 35 to section 36.

Accordingly the pattern chains 28 represent chains that are much shorter than any heretofore required in the usual use of the machine.

To accomplish the purposes stated, we cause bodily reciprocation of the pattern chains 28 such that they both travel in like direction, in other words, they travel simultaneously to the left, For thi purpose, the usual drive may be used, modified only by a different direction of rotation of a gear or gears. We may use the conventional eccentrics, including a shaft 31 mounted on the bracket arms 23 and fixedly carrying a disc 38 pivotally connected at 39 to an adjustable connecting rod means 40 which is pivotally connected at 4i to an extension 42 of the cross head 25. It will be perceived in Fig. 1 that the pivotal connections 39 at the different ends of the machine are advanced in like direction, and that the pattern chain at the left has moved toward the machine while that at the right has moved away from the machine, since both pattern chains travel in like direction.

In Fig. is shown diagrammatically any suitable drive for actuating the eccentrics. Thus, the shafts 37 for the different pattern chains may carry bevel gears 43 engaging bevel gears 44 of a shaft 45 which may extend lengthwise of the machine, and which may be driven by any suitable source of power at 46. Heretofore the pattern chains had always been driven in opposite directions, but so great was their mass and momentum that the opposite effects thereof did not avoid excessive vibration of the machine unless the speed thereof was relatively low.

By reason of the movement of the pattern chains 28 in like direction, the change in link setting thereof occurs at different times. This is due to the fact that each shaft 26 has affixed thereon a toothed member or ratchet 41 having a series of teeth 46 which may be spaced 90 degrees apart, these teeth being engageable by a hook member 49 which is movable into and out of engaging position. Accordingly, the pattern chain at the left receives a link motion only when it travels toward the left. With the use of eccentric discs 38, the difference in timing is thus 180 degrees, since both chains travel in like direction and are accordingly successively moved by the hook members 49.

By reason of this difference in timing it is not possible to interconnect the hook members 49, but rather these members must be operated by individual pattern control devices 50. Heretofore only one such device was provided on a machine, for controlling both hook members. The need for an infinite setting for pattern designs requires with the present invention that two of the control devices 50 shall be used.

Each of the control devices 50 is substantially like that disclosed in our copending patent application Serial No. 276,954, except as hereinafter described. Both control devices 50 may be set for like conditions, but it is possible that they may also receive different individual settings for a further variation of pattern,

Each pattern control device 50 may actuate a roller 5| of an arm 52 pivotally mounted at its lower end at 53 on a bracket arm 54 of a frame member l3. Pivotally connected at 55 at the upper end of the arm 52 is a rod 56 which may have pivotal engagement at 51 with a head 58 that is slidable in a grooved member 59 carried by a-section 60 of the frame l3. Said head 58 may be retained in the grooved member as by a pin and slot connection at 6|. Urging the head 58 toward the left in Fig. 3 is an expansion coil spring 62. Formed on the upper side of the head 58 is a cam surface 63 disposed adjacent to the pivotal connection 64 for the hook 49, on the frame section 60. The arrangement is such that the cam 63 underlies the hook so that when the head 58 is moved toward the right, as shown in Fig. 3, the cam 63 swings the hook upward so that it lies above the teeth 48 as shown at the right of Fig. 1. In that position, the hook will not engage the teeth 46, and hence the pattern chain setting will remain the same. But when the cam 63 is moved toward the left, the hook 49 drops gravitationally so as to be in the path of the teeth 68 as shown at the left in Fig. 1 to cause a change in link setting when the pattern chain moves leftward. It will be noted that the hook 49 need not move lengthwise of its pivot 64 as heretofore, and that a reversing element for the ratchet wheel 41 as heretofore required, is here unnecessary.

For actuating the arm 52, the pattern, control device 50 which may have twice as many teeth as heretofore, if desired, so as to be adapted to actuate the hook 49 upon a single course of the machine instead of upon two courses as heretofore. Previously it was possible to change the pattern only upon an even course of the machine; now the change can be made upon an odd course or upon an even course, affording greater flexibility of pattern design. This result is made possible by the use of two control devices 56, so that the cam wheel 65 may be changed as stated.

.Briefly described, each pattern control device 50 may have a shaft 66 on which the cam wheel is journaled, this shaft being mounted on a U- shaped bracket 61 carried by the frame i3. Mounted on said shaft are a plurality of ratchet wheels 66, one of which is afllxed to said shaft and the other is an idler to which the cam wheel 65 is aflixed. Pawls 69 cooperate with the different ratchet wheels, these pawls being mounted for individual tilting motion about a common axis, and being spring pressed toward their respective ratchet wheels by any suitable means (not shown). The shaft forming the pawl axis is carried by a vertical slide member ll guided in the frame member 54, and being vertically moved by a cam 12 on the shaft 67. Afiixed to engageable with a cam finger I'I carried by an adjustable arm I8 which is pressed toward the sprocket wheel I! by any suitable sprin (not shown). Fixed on the arm 19 is a pin 19 which normally underlies one of the pawls 69 so as to move the latter away from its ratchet wheel 98 when the arm 18 is moved by engagement of a pin 19 with the finger II.

On each reciprocation of the bar II by the cam 12, the pawls 69 are reciprocated, and one of the ratchet wheels 68 is turned one tooth to correspondingly move the shaft 99 aifixed thereto and hence the sprocket wheel 13. If the pins 16 are remote from the finger II, the pins I9 will lie' in the path of one of said pawls and prevent it from oscillating toward its ratchet wheel 99, so that the latter and its cam wheel ll will be stationary. But if a pin 16 engages the finger II, the pin 19 is moved away from the path of its pawl 69, at an undercut in the latter, and

hence said pawl engages its 'ratchet wheel 99', so that the latter, and the cam wheel 65 are rotated to adegree equal to that of the other ratchet wheel 68. The spacing of the pins 18 is of course adjusted according to the pattern to be knitted.

According to the present invention, substantially fewer pins 16 are required, because the,

movement of the hooks 49 is relatively infrequent. The present device 50 also utilizes a cam tooth for every course of the machine. In the position shown in Fig. 3, a lobe of the cam wheel 85 has moved the rod 56 toward the right to elevate the hook 49. When the roller is received between a pair of lobes, the spring 62 causes an opposite movement of the cam 63 and rod 56, so that the hook 49 drops into position to engage the ratchet wheel 47 to cause another link 29 to be moved to operative position. In other respects the operation of the device 50 is conventional.

It will now be clear that the different control devices 50 can operate the hooks 49 at different times, so that link motion of the pattern chains 28 can successively occur while said chains are being bodily moved in like direction, first to the a novel means interconnecting a plurality of .the

rods it so that a movement of one of the rods causes a movement of the other rod especially in an opposite direction. This principle is especially applicable in knitting a fabric wherein the weft yarns B0 cross each other as shown in Fig. 6. In fact, machines of the class herein alluded to are generally constructed to knit in this manner, and hence utilize oppositely moving pattern chains. Therefore the high degree of utility and novelty herein involved may be appreciated aside from the fact that the number of pins 30 can be cut in half,-this invention permitting a great re- 'duction in the size of the pattern chains with the advantages already pointed out, and nevertheless permitting accomplishment of all the functions of the weft crossing machine, and greater flexibility of design than the latter possessed.

The terms such as weft crossing and crossed weft are used herein to denote that condition according to which the weft is laid in different paths, which are-of relatively opposite zig-zag character aswill be obvious from the conventional machines, in which different weft yarns are laid in opposite directions simultaneously to produce a greater filling density.

One possible form of interconnection may consist in a fiexible means near each end of the rods ll, said flexible means utilizing reversing elements such as pulleys. Thus a steel band 9| may pass around a pulley 92 mounted on a fixed stub shaft 83, said bands being connected at their ends to difierent adjacent rods ll. Desirably the rods I are prevented from accidental rotation by providing a supplemental guide rod 94 connected to its rod I by end arms 9!, 99 to thus provide a guide structure extended along a plane and being slidably fitted in'the slots I! of the frame plates l4. Accordingly the ends of the steel bands 8| may be connected to adjacent arms 98, whereas the pulley stub shafts may be fixedly mounted on an angle bar 81 which may be suitably secured to the plate l4. Incidentally, the arms 96 may afiord enlarged faces for impact by the pattern chain pins 30.

It will now be apparent that with the six rods It shown, the same are interconnected in three pairs, .the rodsof each pair being equally movable simultaneously in opposite directions. Hence a single pin III at one end of the machine will cause movement of a pair of rods I in opposite directions; a single pin at the other end of the machine will cause reverse movement of the two rods IS in opposite directions. It will also be apparent that if the steel bands III were not used, it would be impossible to cause simultaneous movement of the rods I in opposite directions for laying the weft yarns in crossed relation, since the pattern chains move in like disaid frame also carrying at its opposite ends reciprocatory means having pattern chains adapted for link movement in course of the reciprocation for causing traverse of the rods to thus control the knitted pattern, an individual pattern control means for the link movement of each pattern chain, drive means for causing simultaneous movement of both reciprocatory means solely in like direction, including actuator means coacting with the said individual pattern control means to cause the link movement of one chain to to the needles upon each traverse of the rods,

occur at a different time than that of the other chain, with the control means having elements so spaced as to cause link movement of the pat tern chains only after the formation of a. series of stitches, whereby each pattern chain may individual pattern control means for the different chains for controlling the link movement of the chains, said pattern control means. having means settable for causing a link movement of the said chains upon one traverse or upon a series of traverses of certain of said rods, and drive means to cause reciprocation of the pattern chains and to actuate the pattern control means in course of knitting so that both pat ern chains shall move in like direction with the link movement of one pattern chain occurring upon a movement of said chain in one direction and a link movement of the other pattern chain occurring upon a movement of said other chain in the opposite direction, and both chains being adapted to be free of link movement in-the intervals during which a series of stitches can be formed.

3. In a flat knitting machine having a needle bed and a plurality of parallel individually longitudinally reciprocable rods for feeding weft yarns to the needles in response to the pin carrying links of pattern chains reciprocably carried at each end of the needle bed, the combination of individual pattern control means for the different chains for controlling the link movement of the chains, said pattern control means having means for causing a link movement of said chains after a series of traverses of the said rods and being settable for causing a link movement after a different series of traverses of said rods, and drive means to cause simultaneous reciprocation of the pattern chains moving in like direction, whereby the number of links in said pattern chains can be greatly reduced thus substantially eliminating vibrational effects due to the reciprocation of pattern chains.

4. In a flat knitting machine having a needle bed and a plurality of parallel longitudinally reciprocable weft carrying rods actuated by the pin links of end pattern chains capable of link movement and bodily reciprocating movement, the combination of a pair of said rods and means interconnecting the said rods so that a longitudinal movement of one of the rods in one direction causes a movement of the other rod in the opposite direction, said means being operative upon any direction of movement so that only one of the rods need be actuated by a pattern chain.

5. In a flat knitting machine having a needle bed and a plurality of parallel longitudinally reciprocable weft carrying rods actuated by the pin links of end pattern chains capable of link movement and bodily reciprocatory movement, the combination of a pair of said rods and means interconnecting the said rods so that a longitudinal movement of one of the rods in one direction causes a movement of the other rod in the opposite direction, said means being operative upon any direction of movement so that'only one of the rods need be actuated by a pattern chain, and said means including flexible means and reversing guide elements therefor so that a movement of one rod causes a movement of like extent of the other rod.

6. A flat knitting machine for the knitting of patterns, including a frame carrying a needle bed and a, plurality of parallel longitudinally movable rods for causing the feeding of weft yarns to the needles upon each traverse of the rods, said frame also carrying at its opposite ends reciprocatory means having pattern chains adapted for link movement in course of the reciprocation for causing traverse of the rods to thus control the knitted pattern, an individual pattern control means for the link movement of each pattern chain, drive means for causing simultaneous movement of both reciprocatory means solely in like directions, including actuator means coacting with the said individual pattern control means to cause the link movement of one chain to occur at a different time than that of the other chain, with the control means having elements so spaced as to cause link movement of the pattern chains only after the formation of a series of stitches, and means directly interconnecting certain of said rods in groups for simultaneous movement of the rods of each group in opposite directions, so that only one of the rods of each groupneed be directly actuated by a pattern chain link.

7. In a flat knitting machine having a needle bed and a plurality of parallel longitudinally reciprocable weft carrying rods actuated by the pin links of end pattern chains capable of link movement and bodily reciprocating movement, the combination of a pair of said rods and means interconnecting the said rods so that a longitudinal movement of one of the rods in one direction causes a movement of the other rod in the opposite direction, said means being operative upon any direction of movement so that only one of the rods need be actuated by a pattern chain, pattern chains for actuating selected rods, and means for causing reciprocatory movement of the pattern chains such that both of the chains are caused to simultaneously move in the same direction.

8. A flat knitting machine of the type having parallel, longitudinally reciprocable weft carrier rods extending along the needle bed and actuable by bodily reciprocable end chains adapted for link movement to advance successive pin carrying links, said machine having means for causing simultaneous bodily movement of said end chains in like directions, and pattern control devices for the individual chains having means so timed as to cause successive link movements of the different chains upon directly successive bodily movements of the chains in different directions.

9. A flat knitting machine of the type having parallel, longitudinally reciprocable weft carrier rods extending along the needle bed and actuable by bodily reciprocable end chains adapted for link movement to advance successive pin carrying links, said machine having means for causing simultaneous bodily movement of said end chains in like directions, and pattern control devices for the individual chains having means so timed as to cause successive link movements of the different chains upon directly successive bodily movements of the chains in different directions, the timed means of each device including an intermittently rotating cam, and the cams of the different devices being so rotatable in successive relation to each other.

10, A flat knitting machine of the type having parallel, longitudinally reciprocable weft carrier rods extending along the needle bed and actuable by bodily reciprocable end chains adapted for link movement to advance successive pin carrying links, said machine having means for causing simultaneous bodily movement of said end chains in like directions, and pattern control devices for the individual chains having means so timed as to cause successive link movements of the different chains upon directly successive bodily movements of the chains in different directions, said devices having other means so timed as to cause successive bodily movements of the chains in different directions only after each of said chains have performed a series of said bodily movements.

11. The herein described method of operating a flat knitting machine having a plurality of iongitudinally movable welt carrier rods parallel to the needle bed and actuabie by end pattern chains bodily movable and settably movable lengthwise to present difierent pin carrying links for causing traverse of said rods with the lengthwise movement of the pattern chains controlled by a pattern cam means, including causing bodily movement of the said chains simultaneously in like directions, maintaining a set position 0! the chains during the knitting of a series of courses, and thereafter causing a lengthwise setting movement flrst of one and then of the other chain upon coursesthat directly succeed each other.

12. In a flat knitting machine having a needle bed and a plurality of parallel individually longitudinally reciprocable rods for feeding weft yarns to the needles in response to the Pin carrying links of pattern chains reciprocably carried at each end of the needle bed, the combination with said pattern chains, means for causing reciprocatory movement thereoi so that said pattern chains travel simultaneously in the same direction, and individual pattern control means for the longitudinal movement of the different chains so as to cause said movements at dlflerent times in bringing the links thereof into operative po- BRUNO DERI. SEBASTIAN GAN GI.

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