US2195556A - Direct method of making negatives for use in graphic arts - Google Patents

Description

APrl 2, 1940- c. A. BEATTIE er Ax. 2,195,556

DIRECT METHOD oF MAKING NRGRTIVES FOR USE IN GRAPHIC ARTs Filed sept. 14. 1957' Gumm- Patented Apr. 2, 194,0

UNITEDl STATES l OFFICE FOB. USE IN GRAPHIC ARTS Caldwell A. Beattie, Gordon L. Glassford, and William F; Dick, Pontiac, Mich., assignors to A. B. Dickcompany, a corporation of Illinois Application September 14, 1937, Serial No. 163,848

11 Claims.

This invention relates to a direct method of making negatives for use in the graphic arts, and has for one of its objects the production of a process whereby complete opaquenesvs of the negative may be obtainedv through a process of dyeing.

A further object of this invention is the provision of a process whereby a true image may be successfully converted from a stencil to a negative through a process of dyeing.

Another object of this invention is the provision of a process whereby practically all known kinds of shading may be transferred directly to a negative.

Another object of .this invention is the provision of a method whereby a sharp, clear and exact reproduction may be produced in the nature of a negative from which a plate may be mad, an'd a maximum number of copies may be run off from the printing plate.

Still another object of this invention is the ability to produce a negative directly without the aid of any photographic process.

Other objects and advantages of this invention ,will appear throughout the following specification and claims.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 isa perspective view illustrating the manner of tracing the image upon the transparent sheet constituting the rst step of the method;

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the transparent sheet showing the same being coated with dye or pigment of a suitable nature, this constituting the second step of the process;

Figure 3 is a transverse sectional view through the sheet showing the coating or dye upon one or both ,faces of the transparent sheet;

Figure 4 is an edge elevation of the negative il- A lustrating one methodv of` drying or removing moisture from the negative after dyeing; and

Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view showing the type of impression made upon a sheet in the nature of a line and illustrating the general appearance of the line or impression made upon and is traced upon the sheet I0 through the mei dium of a stylus or other impression medium, or typewritten words, as indicated by the numeral the sheet which is characteristic of the particular type of sheet preferably used, the impression I2, may be impressed upon the sheet. Handwriting, or other transposition methods may be employed without departing from the spirit of the invention. It should be understood that the par that is, converted into a stencil by displacement or removal of the coatingby pressure, heat, so-

lution or in any convenient manner, as through the use of a stylus or other transposition method, as is well-known to the art. It should be further understood that any suitable type of shading indicated by the numeral I3, may be employed, which is common in the art by using different typesof styli, and suitable borders may also be used by employing different types of plates. Impressions may also be made by handwriting when desired, and it is not intended to limit this invention to any particular type of transposition.

After the stencil or transparent sheet .I0 has been prepared with a suitable text, image, or the like, this transparent sheet or mediumI I0 is then preferably dyed with a black dye or any suitable dye color, the dye completely coating both surfaces, or one surface, of the sheet I0, the sheet being indicated by the numeral I4 and the wax, cellulose, or other impressible coating by the numeral I5. The coating of dye indicated by the numerals I6 and Il on the upper and lower faces respectively will adhere to the body of transparent medium but because of the stencilized transposition such as the lines of the image, its shading, typewritten, or handwritten matter, will constitute perforated lines IB, preventing the adherence of the dye to the lines and presenting a clear, sharp picture or reproduction in the nature 4of a negative.

In carrying out the method of'dyeing, the dye may be spread upon the sheet It by means of a brush 2l), as illustrated in Figure 3, or by means of a swab. If desired, the sheet may be soaked or immersed in the dye. After the dyeing process has been completed, the excess dye is removed from the sheet by squeegeeing o1' blotting with a lintless paper, such for instance as a newspaper,

or other -suitable type of paper, in a manner as shown in Figure 4. Any suitable means may be employed for removing the excess dye, in this way Vproviding a uniform opaque background.

. By .following this method, a direct negative is produced, this negative may' then be used in the graphic arts in the same manner as other negatives are used, the negative having the ability'to pass light through the image only as needed.

In carrying out the process, it has been found that practically no shrinking of the sheet occurs and any such shrinking would be iniinitesimally small. An image of absolute fidelity so far as reproduction by original drawing or impression is concerned, isprovide'd by thisf'procesaand in fact' an exact copy is provided because of the fact that I www then drying the sheet by squeegeeing, blotting and no intermediary is used. Furthermore, a blackness and opaqueness not as yet ever attained in known ycommercial process of making negatives is provided yby this method.

As a modified method in producing negatives for use inthe graphic arts or for any stencil making process, we may first color the stencil or transparent sheet with an opaque color before the image is ,impressed thereon by applying a dye or opaque pigment of suitable color to the transparent sheet as previously described. The 1 image may th'en be impressed in the same manner in any conventional manner without departing from the spirit of the invention.

l5 It is furtherdesired to cover the negative as used in any way even though it may be used to make photographic or water soluble stencils, and it should be understood that a wax, cellulose or water soluble base transparent paper may be n used.

In experimenting with this method above described, it has been found that not only the opaqueness required for the. purpose intended is attained by the process or dyeing described above,

.25 but that the additional step usually required known as opaquing the negative is entirely eliminated, and through this method a type of negative greatly superior to yknown negatives for producing printing. plates is provided. It has been found 3- further that by using plates produced from the negative made by the method above described, that many thousand copies may be made from the plate as compared with the usual run of six to nine hundred copies by the direct plate method in as use at this time. Furthermore, every known kind of shading may be transferred directly to the negative with the possible exception of solid black in large areas, which latter would be difficult because of the fraiiness of the sheet. The image may 40 be transferred quite rapidly, and in about the same time that an ordinary pencil drawing might be made. As a result of careful research it isbelieved that the above method is the best method by which a true image may be successfully trans- 46 ferred from a stencil except by photography, and that by following this method, a plate may be producedwhich may print a clearly defined sharplined image which is not possible through the use of stencil duplicated copies which must usually be 50 printed with a thin and oily ink, and upon paper having a high blotting quality. This method provides a very inexpensive method of producing a negative which may be used for producing plates and the like, for use in printing such for instance as by means of an oilset press, but it should-also be understood that the negative may be used for blue-printing, ozalid printing, photographicA printing, bromide printing, orfor any stencil making process, and in fact in any placewhere a 60 negative is desired for use in the graphic arts.

It should be understood that certain detail changes may be made in the method described without departing from the spirit of the invention so long as these changes fall within the scope of i5 the appended claims.

Having described the invention, what we claim as new is:

1. A direct method of making a negative which .consists in first imprinting subject matter upon a i sheet coated with a pressure displaceable nlm, by

any well known transposition method, whereby the subject matter is perforated through the sheet, then dyeing the sheet to provide an opaque background for the imprinted subject matter, and

the like with lintless paper, whereby a nonshrinking direct negative may be produced for use in the graphic arts.

2. A method of making a direct non-shrinking negative for use in the graphic arts which consists in first tracing an image by means of a stylus and the like upon a sheet of transparent paper coated with a displaceable film, then dyeing the sheet black with black dye by soaking, immersing, brushing, swabbing, and the like, and then removing excess dye from the sheet.

3. A method of making a non-shrinking negative for use in graphic arts which'consists in the v steps of dyeing opaquea transparent stencil sheet and in stenciling an image upon the sheet.

4. A method of making a direct non-shrinking opaque negative, for usein the graphic arts or any stencil making process, which consists in first, tracing an image by means of a stylus and the like upon a stencil sheet, then dyeing the sheet with black dye or any other color dye, by soaking, immersing, brushing, swabbing and the like,v thus providing an opaque background for the image placed upon the sheet, and then removing excess dye from the sheet, whereby a non-shrinking direct negative is produced, without the aid of any photographic process.

5. A direct method of making a non-.shrinking opaque negative, which consists in ilrst, dyeing a sheet of type or stylus impressible stencil paper, of

the character described, with a black dye or any image which consists in stencilizing the desired image on a stencil sheet, and then dyeing said stencil sheet 'to render opaque all portions thereof other than the-image.

7. 'I'he method of making a negative of an image which consists in forming said image on a transparent sheet coated with a pressure dispiaceable film so as to displace the coating in .areas corresponding to theimage, then dyeing said sheet to render opaque the remaining coated areas.

8. The method of making a negative' of an image which consists in stencilizing the desired image on a type and stylus impressible stencil sheet and then coating the stencil sheet with opaque coloring matter, and then removing said coloring matter from the stencilized portion of the sheet.

' 9. The'method of making a negative of an image which consists in stencilizing the desired image in the pressure displaceable coating of a stencil sheet which is dyed to render it opaque.

10. A direct method of making an opaque negative of a desirdfimage, which consists in iirst saturating a stencil sheet with opaque dye, and then stencilizing the vdesired image on said stencil sheet.

1l. A negative of a desired image for use in the graphic arts comprising astencil sheet saturated with opaque dye and stencilized in the areas of

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