US2186784A - Liquid cooled engine cylinder - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 9, 1940. Q N, FURAY 2,186,784

LIQUID COOLED ENGINE CYLINDER Filed April 19, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

EarfNFurg v w 9 M,

A TTORNEY Jan. 9, 1940. c. N. FURAY 2,186,784

LIQUID COOLED ENGINE CYLINDER Filed April 19, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 mvmm' LTBI'INFZIPW m 4 M A TTORNE Y C. N. FURAY Jan. 9, 1940.

Filed April 19. 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR.

Patented Jan. 9, 1940 PATENT OFFICE LIQUID COOLED ENGINE CYLINDER Carl N. Furay, Manchester, Conn, assignor to United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn., a corporation of Delaware Application April 19, 1938, Serial No. 202,875

16 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in liquid cooled engine cylinders and has particular reference to an improved cooling arrangement for the liquid cooled cylinders of a sleeve valve engine.

An object of the invention resides in the provision of improved means for circulating the cooling liquid in the space between the cylinder and the water jacket.

A further object resides in the provision of improved means for guiding the flow of cooling liquid about the cylinder ports, or other heated obstructions in the water space.

An additional object resides in the provision of an improved cooling arrangement which is completely reversible so that it may be used on an upright or an inverted cylinder with equal facility.

Other objects and advantages will be more particularly pointed out hereinafter or will become apparent as the description proceeds.

In the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals are used to designate similar parts throughout, there is illustrated, by way of example, what is now considered to be the preferred mechanical embodiment of the invention. The drawings however are for the purpose of illustratlon only and are not to be taken as limiting or restricting the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Fig. l is an elevational view of an engine cylinder with a portion of the water jacket broken away to more clearly illustrate the constructional features.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the cylinder and water jacket illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows, a

fragmentary portion of the figure being shown in l generally indicates an engine cylinder provided with terminal flanges l4 and I6 and surrounded intermediate the flanges by a water jacket l8 spaced from the exterior surface of the cylinder to provide a space for the flow of cooling liquid about the cylinder.

Intermediate its length the cylinder I0 is pierced by a ring of separate, spaced apart ports.

In the construction illustrated there are two exhaust ports, and 22, and three intake ports,- 24, 26, and 28. Each port is surrounded by an outwardly extending boss, as indicated by for the exhaust ports, and by 32 for the intake ports. The exterior of the exhaust port bosses are 01 irregular outline having curves and reentrant portions while the intake ports bosses are substantially rectangular in form. The water jacket I! is provided with apertures conforming in outline to the inner edges of the various exhaust and intake port bosses 30 and 32 and the edge of the water jacket surrounding these apertures is secured to the bosses by suitable means such as by welding or brazing. The ends of the water jacket 18 are also securely attached to the cylinder l0 adjacent to its flanged ends, as indicated at 34 and 38, by suitable means such as welding, soldering or brazing.

The cooling liquid is admitted at one end of the space between the cylinder and the water jacket and is vented at the opposite end of this space. Two tubes or conduits, as indicated at 38 and 40, are provided for conducting the cooling liquid to and from the cylinder. As particularly illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3, the tubes are located near the opposite ends of the cylinder and are both disposed substantially tangential to the circular cross-sectional outline of the cylinder. While it is not essential that the outlet tube be so tangentially disposed, it is quite essential that the inlet tubes be so disposed as to direct the flow of cooling liquid in a tangential direction into the space between the cylinder and the water jacket so that the cooling liquid will flow in a generally spiral manner about the cylinder as it passes from the inlet tube to the outlet tube. In order however, that the cooling arrangement may be completely reversible it becomes essential that both tubes be tangentially disposed with respect to the cylinder since, when the cylinder is used in an upright position, the cooling liquid will preferably be introduced through the tube 38 and discharged through the tube 40' but, when the cylinder is used in an inverted position, the tube 40 becomes the inlet tube and the tube 38 the outlet.

As the conduits 38 and 40 are located upon opposite sides of the ring of ports and, as the bosses 30 and 32 surrounding the ports extend entirely across the space between the outer surface of the cylinder and the inner surface of the' water jacket l8, it is apparent that the cooling liquid, in flowing from the inlet conduit to the outlet conduit must flowthrough the spaces between the adjacent port bosses, that is, through the inter-port spaces between the cylinder and the water Jacket. The cooling liquid flowing in a generally spiral direction through the interport portions of the space between the cylinder 6 and the water jacket contacts the outer surfaces of the port bosses and carries the excess heat away from the ports as well as from the outer surface of the cylinder. It has been found however that, due to the irregular shape of the exhaust port bosses and the angular forms of the intake port bosses, the flow of cooling liquid past the bosses tends to divide up into distinct streams with consequent eddys and stagnation areas resulting in air and steam pockets. It is among the objects of the present invention to provide improved means for guiding the flow of cooling fluid past the port bosses in such a manner that eddy currents and the formation of air and vapor pockets is avoided. This is accomplished by providing at each side of the ring of ports a plurality of diagonally disposed guide vanes, as generally indicated at 42 and 44 in Fig. 1 and more particularly illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 4 and 5, the I diagonal guide vanes 42 and 44 are disposed at an angle substantially the same as the pitch of the spiral flow of the cooling liquid about the cylinder. As the intake ports 24, 26, and 28 present no serious cooling problem it is only necessary in connection with them to provide means for preserving the spiral form of the cooling liquid flow and prevent a disruption of this general form of flow due to the passing of the cooling liquid through the relatively narrow inter-port spaces. In order to accomplish the above purpose in connection with the intake ports, a pair of diagonal guide vanes is associated with each intake port boss, extending from diagonally opposite corners of the rectangular bosses in the direction of the spiral flow of the cooling liquid. The guide vanes associated with the port 24 are particularly indicated by the numerals 46 and 46, those associated with the intake port 26 by the numerals 66 and 62, and those associated with the intake port 28 by the numerals 64 and 66. As is clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the guide vane 46 terminates at one end against the lower right hand corner of the boss of the port 24 and extends below and beyond the lower left hand corner of the boss of the port 26 to provide between the guide vanes and the adjacent corner of the boss 26 a fluid passage as indicated by the arrows. The guide vane 60 cooperates in a similar manner with the bosses of the ports 26 and 28, and the guide vane 64 extends from the lower right hand corner of the boss of the port 28 beyond and below the bottom tip of the boss of the exhaust port 22. In a similar manner the guide vane 62 extends from the upper left hand corner of the boss of the port 26 above and beyond the upper right hand corner of the boss of the port 24 to provide between the guide vanes and the adjacent corner of the boss 9. fluid passage as shown by the arrows. The passage between the guide vanes 46 and 62 and the adjacent corners of the respective bosses of the ports 26 and 24 are connected by the inter-port space between the bosses of the ports 24 and 26 so that fluid entering the passage between the guide vane 46 and the boss of the port 26, as shown in Fig. 4, after flowing through the inter-port space is redirected into the same 7 spiral direction by the guide vane 62 as it flows out through the space between the guide vane 62 and the adjacent corner of the boss of the port :4. That the same result is obtained when the direction of the fluid flow is reversed is clearly indicated by the arrows on Fig. 6. The guide -vane 66 cooperates with the bosses of the ports 26 and 28 in the same manner in which the guide vane 62 cooperates with the bosses of the ports 26 and 24 as explained above.

As stated above, there is no particular problem in connection with the cooling of the intake ports so that the guide vanes 46 to 66 inclusive are adequate to control the flow of the cooling liquid in a satisfactory manner.

The guide vanes for controling the flow of the cooling liquid about the exhaust ports are particularly indicated at 66, 66, 62, and 64 respectively. Due to the irregular shape of the exhaust port bosses and the large amount of heat to be carried away by the cooling liquid. the guide vanes for directing the flow of the cooling liquid about the exhaust ports'are given a special construction and arrangement. In the iirst place it will be noted that the guide vanes 66 and 62 tions of the respective exhaust port bosses to provide relatively restricted fluid passages between the ends of the guide vanes and the respective bosses. The guide vane 64 also terminates somewhat short of the adjacent upper left hand comer of the boss of the exhaust port 26 to provide a similar Also the guide vane 68 is somewhat extended and has its end opposite the boss of the port 22 brought relatively near the guide vane 64 to provide a somewhat restricted passage between this end of the guide vane 68 and the guide vane 64. A similar restriction is provided between the outer end of the guide vane 46 and the adjacent guide vane 64. It has been found that a probable location for the formation of eddys and vapor pockets lies in the curve of the reentrance portions 66 and 16 of the respective exhaust port bosses of the ports 22 and 26. A divergent flow through the respective passages I2 and 14 has been found effective in removing the eddys and vapor pockets from these locations. The direction of flow through the passages 12 and 14 is controlled by the restrictions provided in the passages I6, 18 and 86. Thus the restrictions in the passages 18 and 80 in cooperation with the relatively unrestricted passage 62 cause a pressure differential on the opposite sides of the passage 14 which terminate somewhat short of the adjacent porcauses the cooling liquid to flow through this passage in a direction from right to left as shown in Fig. 4. Similarly, the restricted passage 16, cooperating with the relatively unrestricted passage 84, causes a flow of liquid through the passsage 12 in the same direction. A similar cooperation betwen the passages 16 and 62 causes a flow of liquid in the right to left hand direction through the passage 86 between the guide vane 64 and the boss of the port 26. The flow of cooling liquid in the direction indicated through the passages 12, 14 and 86 continuously removes the tendency of the cooling liquid to stagnate or eddy in the corners provided by the irregular contour of the exhaust port bosses and subjects these bosses to the contact of a continuous stream of cooling liquid around their entire circumferences thus continuously and eifectively removing the excess heat from the exhaust port bosses.

The above description applies to Fig. 5 in an obvious manner since the construction is the same and only the direction of liquid flow has been reversed.

The intake ports 24, 26 and 26 are overlapped mica-res by an intake manifold OI terminating above the plane of the section shown in Fig. 8 in a flanged opening 80 for connection to an intake header. not illustrated. Each of the exhaust ports 20 and 22 is connected with a flanged exhaust stack,

as indicated at 92 and 94 respectively.

While a particular mechanical embodiment has been illustrated and described for the purpose of disclosing the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is'in no way limited to the particular embodiment so illustrated and described but that such changes in the size, shape and arrangement of parts may be resorted to as come within the scope of the appended claims.

Having now described the invention so that others skilled in the art may clearly understand the same what it is desired to secure by Letters 7 Patent is as follows. I

What is claimed is:

1. In a water-cooled engine cylinder, a water jacket surrounding said cylinder and spaced therefrom, a ring of ports extending through said cylinder and said water jacket, and a plurality of guide vanes arranged about said ports between said cylinder and said jacket for guiding cooling fluid around said ports.

2. In a water-cooled engine cylinder, a water jacket surrounding said cylinder and spaced therefrom, a ring of spaced apart ports located intermediate the length of said cylinder at least some of which have an irregular outline, said ports extending through said cylinder and said water jacket, means providing a spiral flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, and a plurality of spirally arranged guide vanes at both sides of said ring of ports for guiding said cooling liquid along the sides of said ports and avoiding stagnation areas adjacent to said ports of irregular outline.

3. In a water-cooled engine cylinder, a water jacket surrounding said cylinder and spaced therefrom, a ring of ports intermediate the length of said cylinder, a boss surrounding each port and extending through the space between said [cylinder and said water jacket, and a plurality of surrounding said cylinder and secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a space for the flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, a ring of spaced apart intake'and exhaust ports intermediate the length ofsaid cylinder, a boss surrounding each port and extending through said cooling liquid space from said cylinder to said jacket, and a series of guidevanes at each side of said ring of ports to guide the flow of cooling liquid through the inter-port spaces and eliminate eddys and stagnation areas adjacent to said 4 ports, said guide vanes being arranged to provide certain relatively restricted liquid passages and certain relatively unrestricted liquid passages leading to and from said inter-port spaces.

5. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a jacket surrounding said cylinder and securedthereto at its opposite ends to provide a space for the flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, means for introducing cooling liquid in a direction tangential to said space to provide a generally spiral flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder and from one end thereof to the other, a ring of spaced apart inlet and outlet ports intermediate the length of said cylinder, a boss surrounding each port and extending through said cooling liquid space from said cylinder to said jacket, and a series of guide vanes at each sideof said ring of ports to guide the flow of cooling liquid through the inter-port spaces to eliminate eddys and stagnation areas adjacent to said ports and maintain said generally spiral forms of cooling liquid flow pastsaid ports.

6. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, 9. jacket surrounding said cylinder and secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a space for the flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, means for introducing fluid in a direction tangential to said space to provide a generally spiral flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder and from one end thereof to the other, a ring of spaced apart inlet and exhaust ports intermediate the length of said cylinder, a boss surrounding each port and extending through said cooling liquid space from said cylinder to said jacket, and a series of diagonally disposed guide vanes at each side of said ring of ports extending entirely across said cooling-liquid space toguide the flow of cooling liquid through the inter-port spaces and retain the generally spiral direction of said liquid flow, said guide vanes being provided with apertures at particular points to provide minor cross currents of cooling liquid directed towards incipient stagnation areas adjacent to said ports.

'7. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a jacket surrounding said cylinder and secured thereto at its opposite end to provide a space for the flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, means for introducing cooling liquid in a direction tangential to said space to provide a generally spiral direction of cooling liquid flow about said cylindcr and from one end thereof to the other, a ring of spaced apart inlet and exhaust ports intermediate the length of said cylinder, a boss surrounding each port and extending through said cooling liquid space from said cylinder to said jacket, and a series of diagonally disposed guide vanes at each side of said ring of ports to guide the fiow of cooling liquid through the interport spaces and eliminate eddys and stagnation areas adjacent to said ports, said guide vanes being arranged to provide some relatively restricted liquid passages and some relatively unrestricted liquid passages leading to and from said inter-port spaces and being provided with apertures adjacent to particular ports to cooperate with said relatively restricted and relatively unrestricted liquid passages to provide minor cross currents of cooling liquid directed towards incipient stagnation areas adjacent to said ports.

8. Inga liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a jacket surrounding saidcylinder and secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a space for the flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, means for introducing cooling liquid in a direction tangential to said space to provide a generally spiral flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder and from one end thereof to the other, a ring of spaced apart inlet and .exhaustports intermediate the length of said cylinder, a boss surrounding each port and extending through said cooling liquid space from said cylinder to said jacket, and a series of diagonally. disposed guide vanes at each side. of said ring of ports to guide the flow of cooling liquid through the inter-port spaces and eliminate eddys and stagnation areas adjacent to said ports and to maintain said generally spiral form of 'cooling liquid flow past said ports, said guide vanes being arranged in a substantially similar manner on the opposite sides of said ring of ports.

9. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a Jacket surrounding said cylinder and secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a. space for the flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, tangentially disposed liquid conduits, one at each end oi said cylinder either of which may beused as a liquid inlet while the other is used as the liquid outlet, 9. ring of spaced apart intake and exhaust ports intermediate the length of said cylinder, 9. boss surrounding each port and extending through said cooling liquid space from said cylinder to said jacket, and a series of diagonally disposed guide vanes at each side of said ring of ports to guide the flow of cooling liquid through the interport spaces and eliminate eddys and stagna tion areas adjacent to said ports, said guide vanes being arranged in a substantially similar manner on opposite sides of said ring of ports whereby the liquid cooling system for said cylinder is rendered completely reversible.

10. In combination with a liquid-cooled engine cylinder having a ring of intake and exhaust ports intermediate its length and a water jacket providing an annular space for the flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, bosses surrounding said ports and extending through said cooling liquid space from said cylinder to said jacket, and a series of diagonal guide vanes at each side of said ring of ports operatively associated with said bosses to guide the flow of cooling liquid through the inter-port spaces to maintain a generally spiral direction of said flow and eliminate eddys and stagnation areas adjacent to said ports, said guide vanes being efiective to guide the flow of cooling liquid around said ports in a similar manner regardless of the direction of liquid flow.

11. In a water-cooled engine having a cylinder and a jacket surrounding said cylinder forming a water space between the cylinder and the jacket, a boss projecting from said cylinder into the water space, and a plurality oi guide vanes in said water'space adjacent said boss and arranged in complementary sets at each side oi. said boss in the direction of flow for guiding cooling fluid around said boss.

12. In a liquid-cooled engine having a cylinder and a jacket surrounding said cylinder to provide a cooling-liquid space between said cylinder and said jacket, means providing a flow of cooling liquid through said space, and obstructions in said space tending to disturb the flow of cooling liquid, means including a plurality of guide vanes in said space adjacent to said obstructions arranged in complementary sets at' each side of the obstructions in the direction of flow for maintaining a smooth flow oi cooling liquid past said obstructions.

13. In a liquid-cooled engine having a cylinder and a jacket surrounding said cylinder to provide an annular space between said cylinder and said 6 jacket, means providing a spiral flow of cooling liquid through said annular space from one end of saidcylinder to the other, a plurality of obstructions in said space tending to disturb the flow of cooling liquid, and means including a 10 plurality of spirally arranged guide vanes in said space adjacent to said obstructions to maintain said spiral flow of cooling liquid and guide the cooling liquid along the sides of said obstructions.

14. In a liquid cooled engine cylinder, a water 1! jacket surrounding said cylinder spaced therefrom and secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a space for the flow of cooling liquid about, said cylinder, a ring of spaced apart inlet and outlet ports extending through said cylinder and 50 said jacket intermediate the length of said cylinder, a plurality oi guide vanes arranged about said ports between said cylinder and said jacket for guiding cooling fluid around said ports, and an intake duct for said cylinder overlapping a plurality of said intake ports and the portion of said jacket included therebetween and rigidly secured at its edges to said jacket.

15. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a jacket surrounding said cylinder and secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a space for the flow oi cooling liquid about said cylinder, a ring of spaced apart inlet and outlet ports intermediate the length of said cylinder, a boss surrounding each port and extending through said cooling liquid space, said jacket being welded to the outer faces of the inlet port bosses and provided with apertures therethrough for said ports, and a thin walled intake duct overlapping a plurality of intake ports and the portions of said jackets ineluded therebetween and welded at its edges to said jacket around said intake ports.

16. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a jacket surrounding said cylinder and secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a space for the flow I of cooling liquid about said cylinder, a ring of spaced apart inlet and outlet ports intermediate the length of said cylinder, a boss surrounding each port and extending through the cooling liquid space, and exhaust stacks welded to the outer I face of each exhaust port boss and projecting radially outward from said cylinder, said jacket being provided with cylindrical extensions surrounding said stacks andwelded to said stacks at the outer ends of said extensions to provide a I cooling liquid space around each exhaust stack.

CARL N. FURAY.

Images