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US2170457A - Electric discharge apparatus - Google Patents

Electric discharge apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2170457A
US2170457A US246883A US24688338A US2170457A US 2170457 A US2170457 A US 2170457A US 246883 A US246883 A US 246883A US 24688338 A US24688338 A US 24688338A US 2170457 A US2170457 A US 2170457A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
reactor
electrode
source
circuit
electric discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US246883A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Harold W Lord
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US246883A priority Critical patent/US2170457A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2170457A publication Critical patent/US2170457A/en
Priority to FR862361D priority patent/FR862361A/fr
Priority to GB32405/39A priority patent/GB534004A/en
Priority to DEL99742D priority patent/DE735658C/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/02—Details
    • H05B41/04—Starting switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/02—Details
    • H05B41/04—Starting switches
    • H05B41/06—Starting switches thermal only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/18—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having a starting switch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/02—High frequency starting operation for fluorescent lamp

Definitions

  • the electrodes of such a device have been preheated preparatory to the starting of the discharge therein by initially short ciri cuiting the device in such a manner that the short circuit current would pass through the electrodes.
  • the short circuit current has been insuiiicient to produce the desired preheating of the electrodes since the current flow through the ballast in thosecases is approximately con- 0 stant whether the device is operating or is short circuited. It is the object of my invention to provide apparatus of the character described whereby the above mentioned difiiculty is overcome.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit 30 diagram illustrating one embodiment of my invention and Fig. 2 is a like diagram illustrating a modification.
  • a preferred form of such device is a lamp of the positive column type com- 40 prising a tubular envelope having electrodes at its ends and containing a gaseous atmosphere such as a few millimeters of a rare gas, for example argon, and a small quantity of a vaporizable metal such as mercury.
  • a gaseous atmosphere such as a few millimeters of a rare gas, for example argon
  • a vaporizable metal such as mercury.
  • the ena velope is coated internally with a suitable fluorescent material in order that the electric discharge, which in itself may be scarcely visible, shall produce the desired high degree of illumination.
  • the coating may also contain a suitable material to cause the lamp to continue to give light during the intervals of current reversal therein.
  • I shall refer to the discharge devices as lamps. Referring to Fig. l, I have shown the electric discharge device or lamp at l the same being provided at its ends with the thermionic electrodes 2 and 3 which are constructed and arranged to be preheated to an electron emitting temperature by passing a current through them.
  • the thermionic electrodes 2 and 3 which are constructed and arranged to be preheated to an electron emitting temperature by passing a current through them.
  • the lamp is shown connected with the source of supply 4 of alternating current which, for example, may be 60 cycle, 115 volt lighting circuit, by the connections 5 and 6.
  • the control switch I, the capacitor 8 and the reactor ill comprising the winding 9 on the core H.
  • the relative amounts of capacitance and inductance provided by the capacitor 8 and the reactor are such that the circuit thereof including the lamp 1 is 1 only partly tuned to the frequency of the source of supply, the circuit being operated well below the resonance peak, there being a preponderance of capacitative reactance in the circuit.
  • the connection 6 I have shown the resistance heater 12 adjacent to which is a bimetallic switch III which when heated by the resistor I2 is warped to open circuit position, the switch and the resistor being connected with opposite ends of .the electrode 3.
  • the heating current which would traverse the electrodes 2 and 3 prior to the starting 80 of the discharge may not be sufiicient adequately to preheat them.
  • the additional winding i5 is so connected in this circuit that it constitutes an auxiliary winding on the reactor, namely it produces flux in the reactor core in the same direction as that produced by the winding 9; in other words, it has an additive polarity; hence the total inductance of the circuit traversed by the electrode heating current is the sum of the inductances of the reactor and the winding l5 plus the mutual inductance thereof.
  • the effect of this arrangement is that before the discharge starts in the lamp and while the switch I3 is still closed the electrode heating circuit including the m capacitor, the reactor, and the auxiliary winding 15 as the reactive elements is more nearly tuned than the aforesaid lamp circuit including merely the capacitor and the reactor as the reactive elements.
  • the resulting increased heating current is sufiicient to produce the desired preheating o v l0, namely the winding 9, and the capacitor 8.
  • the ballast for the lamp comprises simply the reactor.
  • the electrode preheating current is increased by reducing the amount of inductance in the circuit traversed thereby.
  • the additional winding I5 of the reactor is connected in the shunt circuit controlled by the switch l3 in the reverse manner to that shown in Fig. 1 to oppose the reactor, that is, it has a subtractive polarity whereby the total inductance of the circuit traversed by the electrode heating current is the sum of the inductances of the reactor and the winding i5 minus the mutual inductance thereof.
  • a source of alternating current supply a reactor, a gaseous electric discharge device connected with said source through said reactor, one of the electrodes of said device being adapted to be preheated and being connected at one end thereof with one of the connections to said source, a connection between the other end of said electrode and the other electrode of said device and means in said connection comprising additional turns on said reactor for increasing the flow of current through said one electrode at starting,
  • a source of alternating current supply a reactor, a gaseous electric discharge device connected with said source through said reactor, one of the electrodes of said device being adapted to be preheated and being connected at one end thereof with one of the connections to said source, a connection between the other end of said electrode and the other electrode of said device and inductive means in said connection having a flux path common to that of said reactor for increasing the flow of current through said one electrode atstarting.
  • a source of alternating current supply a reactor, a gaseous electric discharge device connected with said source through said reactor, one of the electrodes of said device being adapted to be preheated and being connected at one end thereof with one of the C011? nections to said source, a connection between the other end of said electrode and the other electrode of said device and inductive means in said connection arranged in flux interlinking relation with said reactor for increasing the electrode preheating current at starting.
  • a source of alternating current supply a capacitor, a reactor, a gaseous electric discharge device connected with said source through said capacitor and reactor, one of the electrodes of said device being adapted to be preheated and being connected at one end thereof with one of the connections to said source, a connection between the other end of said electrode and the other electrode of said device and an additional winding arranged on said reactor to have an additive polarity relative thereto and included in said connection for supplementing the reactor at starting.
  • a source of alternating current supply a reactor, a gaseous electric discharge device connected with said source through said reactor, one of the electrodes of said device being adapted to be preheated and being connected at one end thereof with one of the connections to said source, a connection between the other end of said electrode and the other electrode of said device and inductive means in said connection arranged to oppose the flux of said reactor thereby to increase the electrode preheating current at starting.
  • a source of alternating current supply a reactor, a gaseous electric discharge device connected with said source through said reactor, one of the electrodes of said device being adapted to be preheated and being connected at one end thereof with one of the connections to said source, a connection between the other end of said electrode and the other electrode of said device and an additional winding arranged on said reactor to have a subtractive polarity relative thereto and included in said connection whereby at starting a lower impedance in the electrode heating circuit is obtained.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US246883A 1938-12-20 1938-12-20 Electric discharge apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2170457A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US246883A US2170457A (en) 1938-12-20 1938-12-20 Electric discharge apparatus
FR862361D FR862361A (fr) 1938-12-20 1939-12-15 Perfectionnements aux moyens d'alimentation de dispositifs à décharge
GB32405/39A GB534004A (en) 1938-12-20 1939-12-18 Improvements relating to the starting of gaseous electric discharge devices
DEL99742D DE735658C (de) 1938-12-20 1939-12-21 Anordnung zur Vorheizung einer oder mehrerer Gluehelektroden eines Entladungsgefaesses, insbesondere mit Gas- oder Dampffuellung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US246883A US2170457A (en) 1938-12-20 1938-12-20 Electric discharge apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2170457A true US2170457A (en) 1939-08-22

Family

ID=22932645

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US246883A Expired - Lifetime US2170457A (en) 1938-12-20 1938-12-20 Electric discharge apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2170457A (de)
DE (1) DE735658C (de)
FR (1) FR862361A (de)
GB (1) GB534004A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2456859A (en) * 1944-03-29 1948-12-21 Gen Electric Electric discharge apparatus
US2480060A (en) * 1942-03-18 1949-08-23 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Device comprising a gaseous discharge tube
US2485398A (en) * 1947-04-10 1949-10-18 Gen Electric Starting and operating circuit for electric discharge devices
US2515109A (en) * 1946-03-20 1950-07-11 Berger Paul Transformer
US2683242A (en) * 1949-02-16 1954-07-06 Jefferson Electric Co Control device and lighting system
US2786965A (en) * 1953-12-03 1957-03-26 Knobel Fritz Starter for low-potential fluorescent tubular lamps
US2897403A (en) * 1953-05-25 1959-07-28 Wilson A Charbonneaux Fluorescent lamp lighting circuit

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE968691C (de) * 1951-12-29 1958-03-20 Patra Patent Treuhand Zuend- und Betriebseinrichtung, insbesondere fuer elektrische Leuchtstofflampen

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2480060A (en) * 1942-03-18 1949-08-23 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Device comprising a gaseous discharge tube
US2456859A (en) * 1944-03-29 1948-12-21 Gen Electric Electric discharge apparatus
US2515109A (en) * 1946-03-20 1950-07-11 Berger Paul Transformer
US2485398A (en) * 1947-04-10 1949-10-18 Gen Electric Starting and operating circuit for electric discharge devices
US2683242A (en) * 1949-02-16 1954-07-06 Jefferson Electric Co Control device and lighting system
US2897403A (en) * 1953-05-25 1959-07-28 Wilson A Charbonneaux Fluorescent lamp lighting circuit
US2786965A (en) * 1953-12-03 1957-03-26 Knobel Fritz Starter for low-potential fluorescent tubular lamps

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE735658C (de) 1943-05-21
FR862361A (fr) 1941-03-05
GB534004A (en) 1941-02-25

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