US2153215A - Percentage counter - Google Patents

Description

p 1939- T. E. TORKELSON 2,153,215

PERCENTAGE COUNTER Filed Sept. 26, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTO R N EY April 4, 1939. T. E TORKi- ILSON I 2,153,215

PERCENTAGE COUNTER Filed Sept. 26, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTO R N EY Apx'fl 4, 1939. T. E TORKELSON PERCENTAGE COUNTER Filed Sept. 26, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTO R N EY Patented Apr. 4 1939 UNITED STATES 2,153,215 PERCENTAGE comma Torkel Edwin Torkelson,

to International Business Machin tion, New York, N. ,Y. York Baldwin, N. Y., assignor es corpora:-

, a corporation of New Application September 26,1936, Serial No. 102,652 1 Claim. (01. 235-91) This case relates to an examination evaluating device, particularly to a printing counter for scoring answers on an examination paper and printing the result of the evaluation.

In examinations of the Yes and No orselection or multiple choice type, a great number of questions are given, and it is desirable to provide a device for conveniently and rapidly evaluating the answers and printing the result of the evalua- 10 tion.

An object of the invention is to provide means for evaluating a set of answers in terms of per centages of the total number of questions.

Thus, if the total number of questions is 400 15 and 100 answers are correct, then the percentage of correct answers is 25%, and the object is to evaluate the set of answers directly as percentages without requiring additional calculation extraneous to the calculation made bythe scoring or, evaluating device.

The object, more broadly, is to provide means for converting a count into percentages of a predetermined total possible count.

Another object is to provide novel means to 25 render only a predetermined ratio of operations of a. recurrently operating member effective to be counted by a counting device. e

Other objects will appear from the following parts of the specification and from the drawings, 30 in which: Fig. 1 is a plan view of the machine.

Fig.2 is a side view showing the printing head in open, non-printing position and a counter operating lever in actuated position.

Fig. 3 is a section along lines'3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a section along lines 4-4 of Fig. 3, showing the printing head after depression to effect printing. 40 Fig. 5 is a detail section along lines 5-5 of Fig. 3 showing one example of the invention.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 showing another illustration of the invention, and Fig. 'l is a view similar to Fig. 5 of still another 5 example of the invention.

The machine has a base In in which is set a rubber block II to serve as a platen. Integral with base H) are upright ears I2 carrying a pivot I rod l3. The entireprinting head isjournaled on rod l3 and comprises a cast housing or casing it formed with bosses I5 rotatably surrounding pivot rod l3. A leaf spring l6 (Figs. 3 and 4) is fast at its lower end to base I and at its upper end abuts the front wall of head casing I4, tending to maintain .the printing head at its counterclockwise limit indicated in Fig, 2. This is the non-printing or lifted position of the printing head.

Rotatably carried by and between the side walls of head casing I4 is a shaft l8 for rotatably mounting two banks of counters WC and R0, the former for giving a direct count of wrong answers and the latter for giving a percentage evaluation of right answers. Each bank comprises a units order type wheel 20a, a tens order type wheel 20!, and a hundreds order type wheel 20h. Each type wheel is provided with an internal recess 2| (see particularly Fig. 5) formed with a round bearing seat for pivotally seating-the round head 22 of a reset pawl 23. A leaf spring 24 located inside recess 2| is fixed at one end tothe wheel 20 and at the other end bearson the pawl 23 to urge the nose of the latter towards shaft l8.

Shaft I8 is notched so that during a clockwise revolution thereof, the rear notch wall will meet all the reset pawls 23 and acting through the latter will turn wheels 20 ahead to their zero positions.

v The resetting revolution of shaft I8 is effected by depression of a handle 25 fixed -to one end of a rock shaft 26 journaled by the side walls of head casing I 4. Shaft 26 rigidly carries a rack sector 21 meshed with teeth 28 formed in the periphery of reset shaft l8. A spring 29 coiled around rock shaft 26 and abutting a part of casting ll at one end and at the other end abutting rack sector 21 tends to maintain handle 25 elevated. Upondepression of handle 25 against resistance of spring 29, rack sector 21 rotates shaft "clockwise, causing its notch to engage reset pawls 23 to reset all the type wheels 20 to zero positions. During the return of shaft l8, its notch freely ratchets past pawls 23. To limit the stroke of handle 25 and rack sector 21 to one for imparting exactly one revolution to shaft l8, the top edge of sector 21 engages a flat Ila on a boss ll of head casing ll at the end of the up stroke of sector 21.

Each type wheel 20 has ten type lugs 0 to 9.

Fastened to one side' of each type wheel for rotation therewith is a ten toothratchet wheel 30.

Thus, each ofbanks WC and RC has three type .wheels to each of which is individually fixed a ratchet wheel. The ratchet elements of bank WC may hereafter be distinguished by suffixing the common reference character by the letter W, and the elements of bank RC by suilixing the common reference character by the letter R. The denominational order of any of the elements of the counter banks may be indicated by the appended characters u, t, and h, respectively representing units, tens, and hundreds.

Considering bank we which gives a direct count of the wrong answers, the unit ratchet wheel 38W--u, as seenin Fig. 4, has a deep notch a pin 83 carried between the sides of yoke 32 is a multiple pawl member 34 having three integral pawl noses 85a, Hi, and 35h, respectively in the planes of the units, tens, and hundreds ratchet wheels 38. A spring 35 between yoke 32 and pawl member 34 urges the pawl noses into engagement with their respective ratchet wheels. Unit pawl nose 3511. is the longest, tens pawl nose 35t is shorter, and hundreds pawl nose 35h is still shorter. When pawl nose 35a is engaged with any of teeth 8 to 8, it prevents pawl member 34 from rocking sumciently clockwise to permit pawl noses 35t and h to engage any of the teeth on their respective ratchet wheels.

Yoke 32 is provided at one side with a stud 38 passing through a slot 38 formed in the right hand end of a key lever 48W (see Figs. 3 and 4). Lever 48W is journaled for rocking movement on pivot rod i3. A spring 42 between lever 48W and a pin '43 carried by the sides of head casing l4 urges lever 48W in a clockwise direction. The left hand arm of lever 48W extends outside casing i4 and its free end is provided with.a key or button 44W bearing the letter W, representing the word wrong.

Now, whenever a wrong answer is found, the operator depresses button 44W, rocking lever 48W counterclockwise. As lever 48W rocks counterclockwise, it acts through slot 38 and stud 38 to rock yoke 32 clockwise, causing pawl nose 3511. to engage a tooth of wheel lilW-u and advance the latter and its connected type wheel 2811. one step. When the unit type wheel has been advanced nine times from zero position, to its "9 position, then notch 3| of the units ratchet wheel reaches pawl 35a, permitting spring 38 to rock the pawl member 34' until pawl nose 35t engages its ratchet wheel 38W--t. Now, upon the next actuation of lever 48W, pawls 35a and t will engage their respective ratchet wheels to advance them one step each. In this manner, as the units order passes from 9" to a transfer is effected to the tens order. When lever "W has been depressed ninety-nine times, then both wheels 38W--u and 38W-t will have their notches 3| opposite pawl noses 85a and t, permitting spring 38 to rock pawl member 84 still further clockwise until pawl nose 35h engages the periphery of its ratchet wheel 38W-h. The hundredth depression of lever 48W then effects a step advance of each of the ratchet wheels. In this manner, a transfer is effected to the hundreds order as the lower order wheels Pass from "99" to "00.

Counter bank C ,is thus operated to provide a direct count of the number of wrong answers.

The percentage printing counter R0 for printing the percentage of right answers will now be explained.

Counter RC includes means for converting numerical counts into percentage evaluations. The percentage evaluation diflers with the denominator. Three diflerent examples of converting means based on three different denominators have been illustrated. Fig. 2 shows the assembly withmeans for converting counts into percentages on a base of 400, and Fig. shows the converting means of Fig. 2 in detail. This example of the invention shown in Figs. 2 and 5 will now be explained.

The type wheels 201:, t, and h and ratchet wheels MIR-11, t, and h of counter bank RC are similar to the corresponding elements or counter bank WC. In addition, bank RC has adjacent units order ratchet wheel 30R-u, a cam and ratchet assembly comprising a cam 52 and a ratchet wheel 53 removably carried by the cam for rotation therewith. To carry the ratchet wheel 53, cam 52 has pins 54 projecting from its side and wheel 53 has holes receiving the pins. Cam 52 also has a reset pawl 28, such as described before, so that the cam and its ratchet wheel will be reset by shaft l8 together with the type wheels and their ratchets.

Cam 52 is formed with notches 56 equally spaced around the periphery of the cam. For a percentage evaluation on a base of 400, four notches 55 are provided.

A yoke 58 similar to yoke 32 is rotatably mounted on reset shaft 18 and straddles the counter bank RC, including cam 52 and ratchet 53. A pivot pin 59 carried by the sides of yoke 58 pivotally carries pawl 80 for engaging the teeth of ratchet 53 under the influence of a springtl. Also pivoted on pin 59 is a multiple pawl member 62 having three pawl noses 63a, 15, and h for respectively engaging ratchets 30R-u, t, and h. A spring 84 urges pawl noses 83 towards their respective ratchet wheels. Pawl nose 83a is wide enough to extend across the peripheries of cam disk and ratchet 38R-u. The arcuate part of disk 52, between successive notches 58 is formed at a greater radius'than the crests of the teeth of ratchet wheels 38. Thus, when pawl 53a rides on the arcuate portion of disk 52, its nose is held out of engagement with the ratchet wheel 30121-11.

Ratchet wheel 53 has twenty teeth, twice as many as the ratchet wheels 38. Since there are four notches 58 in cam disk 52, there are ilve teeth of wheel 53 between successive notches 58.

Yoke 58 has a pin 85 (see Fig. 2), passing through a slot in the right hand end of a lever 48R, the left end 0! which extends outside head casing I4 and is provided with a finger button or key 441?. bearing the legend R, representing the word right." Each time a right answer is found, the operator depresses key R to the position shown in Fig. 2, rocking lever 48R against resistance of a spring 85, causing clockwise rocking oi yoke 58. As yoke 58 rocks, pawl 88 rides up along a tooth of ratchet wheel 53 until it abuts the radial side of the next tooth and by engagement therewith actuates the ratchet wheel. The stroke of yoke 58, when rocked by lever 48R, is such as to cause pawl 60 to move through a distance covering two teeth of ratchet 53. The pawl member 62 moves through the same distance but covers only one tooth of ratchet wheels 38, since the latter have half as many teeth as wheel, each tooth of a wheel 30 being twice as wide as a tooth of wheel 53. Thus, when lever 48R. is rocked, it moves pawl 88 through a distance covering two teeth of ratchet 53. However, initially the pawl is on top of a tooth of ratchet 53 and nearly a tooth distance away from the side of the next tooth. Hence, pawl 80 will move nearly a tooth distance before starting to actu- .;ate ratchet 53. The pawl then moves the ratchet through slightly more than a tooth distance and then returns. Engaging the teeth of all the ratchet wheels 38 and 53 are individual holding 'pawls 88, the one engaging ratchet 53 having a iii shorter head to fit the smaller teeth of the latter ratchet. The holding pawls are urged by springs to rock about their pivot rod 'Il towards the ratchets and coact with the ratchet teeth to aline the ratchets in an exact tooth position. Thus, when ratchet 53 is moved slightly more than a tooth step, as pawl 50 retreats, the holding pawl of this ratchet returns the ratchet to an .exact step position, thereby restoring the ratchet wheel the amount of its overthrow.

Starting from the zero position shown in Fig. 5, three steps of advance of ratchet 53 and cam 52 are required to bring the first notch 55 of the cam to the tip of pawl nose 53-1a Before reaching the notch, the pawl nose 63-1: rides on the arc of disk 52 located between a pair of notches 55 and is thereby held disengaged from ratchet wheel 30R-u. Likewise, pawl noses 53?? and h are held above and free of their ratchet wheels 3lIR-t and it. Thus, it requires three depressions of key 44R, causing three steps of advance of ratchet wheel 53 before pawl nose 53-u drops into a notch 55. After three depressions of key R, the pawl nose 53a is permitted to drop into a. notch 55 and as a result to engage a tooth of its ratchet wheel 303-11.. In this position of pawl nose 6311, it is engaged with the leading or upper wall of a notch 55, while pawl 50 is in its normal position, nearly a tooth distance from the same wall of the notch. Consequently, upon the fourth depression of-key R, pawl nose 63u immediately starts moving cam 52 and ratchet 53 as well asits own ratchet 30R-u. The latter, which is a ten tooth ratchet wheel, is moved through one tooth distance or one step while twenty-tooth ratchet wheel 53is moved by pawl nose 531: through a distance spanning two of the teeth of ratchet 53 or twice as far as when moved by pawl 60. c

At the completion of this movement and upon the return stroke of pawl nose 53u, the latter is' again resting on the circular part of disk 52 located between two notches 56. Thus, every step of advance of unit ratchet 30R-u requires three steps of advance of ratchet 53 corresponding to.

three teeth of the latter ratchet and a fourth step of advance corresponding to two teeth of the latter ratchet. The total number of teeth,

revolution of the latter ratchet corresponds to sixteen operations of lever 40R. and four steps oi.

- ratchet 30R-u.- Thus, for sixteen correct answers, counter bank RC will register 4, which is the percentage of sixteen on a base of four hun dred.

It is clear now that the cam 52 and ratchet 53 are constructed and arranged to convert the number of correct answers of a maximum of four hundred into a percentage evaluation.

The transfer of 1" to tens ratchet wheel 30R- and type wheel 20R-t for each ten steps of type wheel 20Ru and the transfer of 1" to hundreds wheel 2llR-h foreach hundred steps of advance of'the unit wheel are effected in the same manner as described in connection with counter bank WC. Thus, after nine steps of advance of ratchet wheel 3llR-u, the notch 3| of of lever 40R causing three of advance of disk 52, a notch 55 of the latter will aline with notch 3|, permitting pawl 63a to drop into the. alined notches, and pawl 5313 to engage ratchet MIR- Upon the fourth operation of lever 40R, pawl 8311 will engage the front wall of notch 3| to move ratchet 30R-u one step and disk 52 and ratchet 53 two steps (each one-half of a step of ratchet 30R-u) while pawl 531! will engage a tooth oi ratchet 30R-t to move the latter one step.

Fig. 6 shows a construction and arrangement for providing percentage evaluations on a base or 300. In this case, a cam disk 52' with five notches 56 is used in place of the disk 52 with four notches 55 of the previous example. The remainingparts are exactly the same.

Now, upon the first operation of lever 40R, pawl 60 will advance ratchet 53 and disk 52' one step. Upon the second operation of lever R, the disk 52' will be advanced a second step, bringing a notch 56' to pawl nose 63a. The latter drops into this notch and thereby is permitted to engage ratchet 3llR-u. Upon the third operation of lever 40R, pawl 53u will advance its ratchet 30Ru one step and will act on the front wall of disk 52' to advancethe latter and ratchet 53 through two teeth of ratchet 53. Thus, ratchet wheel 3ilRu and type wheel 20a of bank RC are moved one step for every three operations of lever 40R while ratchet 53 and disk 52' are moved through four teeth of the ratchet 53. Thelatter ratchet has twenty teeth; so that fifteen operations of lever R are required to cause ratchet 53 and its cam 52' to make one revolution. During this revolution, ratchet 30R-u and its type wheel 2011. will move five steps. Counter bank RC will thus add for every operations of lever 40R which is a percentage evaluation on a base of 300.

Fig. 7 shows a construction and arrangement for converting counts into a percentage evaluation on a base of 200. In this case, the cam disk 52 with five notches 55' is exactly as in Fig. 6. The ratchet wheel 53 and pawls 5310, t, and it remain the same for all three examples. The only "change from Fig. 6 is in the actuating pawl 60' *of' ratchet 53 which is made shorter than the pawl 60 of the preceding examples. Thus, pawl 60' is short enough to initially engage the end of a tooth of ratchet 53. Consequently, upon an operation of lever 40R, pawl 50' will immediately start moving ratchet'53 and disk 52, and being effective throughout its forward stroke will advance the latter two elements through two teeth of ratchet wheel 53.

Now, upon the first operation or lever 40R, pawl 50 will advance ratchet 53 two teeth, bringing thefirst notch 56' of disk 52' in line with pawl 63u which will drop into the notch and also engage its ratchet wheel ,30R-u. Upon the second operation of lever 40R, pawl 53u will advance its ratchet wheel and type wheel ,one tooth step and at the same time advance ratchet 53 two teeth. Thus, two operations or lever "B result in adding 1 to counter bank RC and in moving ratchet 53 four teeth. Since the latter has twenty teeth, and for every step of type wheel 201:, the wheel 53 moves four teeth, there will be five steps of wheel a to a revolution of wheel 53. Each operation of lever 40R moves wheel 53 two teeth, or a full revolution of wheel 53 requires ten operations of lever 40R. Thus, ten operations of lever 40R add 5 to counter bank RC which a percentage m shown in Fig. 5 to that in Fig. 6, it ismerely thebanksWCandRQthenaroundapinlltoiorceshattltoutoftheheadcasing ,therehyreleasingtheofcamfl a ndratchetll. Theratchetistlunforeedoi! pinsilandtodiskll'. Thebiy dcamJI'andratchetIIisthenre-mountedon the showninllgflLitisneceaarytodo the same thing outlined above and in addition pivot pin 5! suilldently out of the side to permit replacement of pawl U by the shorterpawi I.

pair of ribbon spools II and II is carried between the sides of head frame or casing ll. l'romspool II, the inking ribbon B extmds downwardly, then around pin 43, horizontally beneath and upwardly to spool II. Pins 43 and II are solocatedastocausetheribbonextendingbe tween them to engage with the type wheels 2|. The pressure of the inking ribbon against the type wheels is utilised to frictionally retard free turning of the type wheels upon their actuation by lever "B or W, thus preventing overthrow of ZIthetypewheels. Theshaftsofspoolsliandli extend outside the head casing II and are provided with knurled handles I! and II by which thespoolsmayberotatedtofeedtheinkingribbon at will. Acover ii for easing I4 is provided andretainedonthecasingbyahand knobl! screwedtothetopofthecasing. Toobtaina Further, while the invention has been disclosed in the several forms herein illustrated and explained, it is understood that variations, departures, and changes may be made within the scope of mechanical skill without departing Iran the spirit or bounds of the invention. 1, therefore,wishtobelimitedonlyinaccordance with the following claim.

What is claimed is:

Numbering apparatus comprising number wheels, a ratchet wheel fixed to the units order number wheel, a member given recurrentoperations, a. pawl for engaging said ratchet wheel, a movable carrier for said pawl given a single oscillation by said member upon each single operation of said member, said-oscillation of the carrier causing the pawl, when the latter is engaged with its ratchet wheel, to advance the ratchet wheel one step and adding one to the units order wheel, a cam disk mounted coaxially with the number wheels and having a plurality oi notches around its periphery for receiving the pawl to enable the latter to engage its ratchet wheel and having between said notches arcuate dwell portions engageable with the pawl to hold the latter disengaged from the ratchet wheel, aratchetdiskilxedtothecamdisk,andadog carried by said carrier for engagin the ratchet disk to advance the latter and the cam disk one step upon an operation of the member to thereby after successive operations of the member periodically place a notch of said disk in coaction with the pawl to render t e latter etlective upon the next operation oi said member to advance the units order wheel one step, said pawl when received in a notch engaging the front wall of the latter so as to advance the cam disk and ratchet disk a plurality of steps 01! the latter when ad vancing its own ratchet wheel.

'IDRKEL EDWIN TORKELSON.

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