[go: up one dir, main page]

US2142717A - Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials - Google Patents

Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2142717A
US2142717A US48084A US4808435A US2142717A US 2142717 A US2142717 A US 2142717A US 48084 A US48084 A US 48084A US 4808435 A US4808435 A US 4808435A US 2142717 A US2142717 A US 2142717A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
materials
chamber
steam
stretching
threads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US48084A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dreyfus Henry
Moncrieff Robert Wighton
Hill Frank Brentnall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Celanese Corp
Original Assignee
Celanese Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR797829D priority Critical patent/FR797829A/fr
Application filed by Celanese Corp filed Critical Celanese Corp
Priority to US48084A priority patent/US2142717A/en
Priority to US123104A priority patent/US2142722A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2142717A publication Critical patent/US2142717A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate

Definitions

  • HENRY ,DREYF ROBERT w MONCREFF FRANK 5- HI ATTORNEY;
  • the new process By the new process high degrees of stretch may be obtained. For example when the steam is in the saturated or wet condition stretches of many hundreds per cent. may be obtained. Thus apart from increased tensile strength, the new process enables filaments or threads of fine denier and thin foils, films and the like 'to be produced.
  • the steam may be, and preferably is, employed under pressure so that the materials may be subjected to relatively high temperatures while maintaining the steam in the saturated or wet condition.
  • the steam may be at a temperature of or C. or more and at the appropriate pressure for the steam to be saturated or wet, such as 10, 20, 30 pounds or more per square inch above atmospheric, pressure.
  • The-best conditions for treatment are dependent upon the degree of stretch required and the rate ofstretching and upon a number of factors to be referred to hereinafter.
  • the pressure I may be substantially atmospheric pressure or only a few pounds above atmospheric pressure, the temperature being preferably so adjusted that at the pressure chosen the steam is just saturated or slightly wet.
  • the steam may be brought into the saturated or wet condition by any suitable means.
  • superheated steam be used as'the source of sup-' ply, then cooling, for example by radiation, may be resorted to to secure the required conditions, or water may be injected into the steam so as to produce both a cooling and the presence of liquid water.
  • the steam may be generated in situ in the stretching chamber.
  • Textile materials to .be treated in accordance with the invention may be threads or other materials composed of continuous filaments, or may be spun yarns made of short or more or less long lengths of filament, and may be obtained by cutting up or by any other suitable process, for example by the processes of U. S. application S. No. 726,264 filed May 18, I934.
  • the materials may initially have any desired lustre from a high lustre to medium lustre or approximately the lustre of natural silk or even a dull lustre or no lustre at all.
  • the materials may have a low lustre due to the presence therein of titanium dioxide or other pigments.
  • the materials on entering the steam are substantially free from volatile solvents.
  • the operation may be carried out on the materials in any suitable form; for example threads may be stretched in hank form, for instance between rollers positioned in a vessel containing steam. Preferably, however, stretching of the to another creel. When simultaneously stretchparallel sheets.
  • the stretching operation may be carried out so that the desired degree of stretch is obtained in a single stage of stretching or, if desired, intermediate rollers or other stretching devices may be provided so as to carry out the stretch in more than one stage.
  • the apparatus comprises a steam chamber, means for creating an atmosphere of steam therein and means for stretching the materials while in the chamber.
  • the steam is introduced from outside the chamber.
  • the new apparatus comprises a steam chamber provided with means for introducing steam and one or more inlet and outlet orifices for the materials, associated with means for stretching the materials while in the chamber.
  • the means for introducing the steam into the chamber are such as to direct steam jets on to the materials immediately upon entry into the steam chamber.
  • the steam chamber may be provided with a pressure-relief valve, 2. water drain-off for condensed steam, and a pressure gauge.
  • the'steam chamber will beconstructed to resist the required pressure and the inlet and outlet orifices for the materials will be as fine as possible.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the general lay-out of the apparatus, the steam chamber being shown in longitudinal section;
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a cross-section of the steam chamber on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1.
  • a number of threads I drawn from a creel of bobbins 2 is carried through suitable nip rollers 3 positioned in front of a steam box or pipe 4.
  • the threads are drawn through the steam box or pipe by means of nip rollers 5 positioned at the far end of the steam box or pipe, and finally are taken up on a creel of bobbins 6.
  • To the ends a of the steam box or pipe 4 are secured closure plates 1 and 8 bored with the appropriate holes for the inlet and outlet of the threads.
  • the steam box or pipe 4 is provided with a pressure-relief valve 9, a pressure gauge l and perforated steam pipes II and I2 supplied with steam from a pipe l3 through a reducing valve M.
  • the perforations in the pipes H, l2 are arranged so as to direct the steam on to the threads I entering the steam box or pipe.
  • the latter is further provided with a drain pipe and valve IS.
  • the length of thread subjected to the action of the steam may be quite short and good stretching may be obtained with a length of only a few inches. However, it is preferable to extend the length of the steam chamber to some feet, for example 3-6 feet or more, the precise length depending upon the temperature and the amount and rate of stretching.
  • the best temperature at which to work depends upon a large number of factors, including the twist on the initial thread which for quick stretching should be as small as possible, the nature of the cellulose derivative under treatment, materials made of high viscosity cellulose derivatives requiring in general rather higher temperatures and therefore pressures than materials made of low viscosity cellulose derivatives, and the size of the inlet and outlet orifices, and also the position of the steam jets in the steam chamber in relation to the incoming materials.
  • the inlet and outlet holes should be made as small as possible to reduce escape of steam. Their size will naturally vary with the denier of the threads undergoing stretching.
  • the higher degrees of stretch or higher rates of stretching require higher temperatures and therefore higher pressures of the steam.
  • the temperature and therefore the pressure of the steam is preferably adjusted to enable as low a stretching tension as possible to be used.
  • the individual filaments of the threads tend to fuse together to form a monofil, and the process of the present invention may be utilized to make a product of this character where it is desired.
  • simple adjustments in the pressure, rate of stretching, amount of stretching, size of inlet and outlet orifices, and the various other factors readily enable this to be done.
  • the stretched materials may be subjected to any desired after-treatment processes.
  • the filaments, threads, foils, films and the like may be treated with shrinking agents to improve their extensibility. Suitable processes for this purpose are described in U. S. application S. No. 611,240 filed May 13, 1932.
  • the latent solvents referred to in that specification for example a mixture of methylene chloride and benzene.
  • stretched cellulose ester materials may be subjected to processes of saponification.
  • the saponification may be such as to lead to a relatively small loss in weight, for example suflicient to give the materials an afiinity for cotton dyestuffs, or may be complete or substantially complete, i. e. so as to eliminate all or substantially all of the ester content.
  • the saponification may be effected under such conditions of tension that shrinkage takes place during or immediately after the saponification, this being advantageous from the point of view of the extensibility of the products.
  • Such furt'.er treatments may be carried out as operations separate from the stretching or may be carried out continuously with stretching.
  • the invention includes a continuous operation which involves first stretching and then shrinking, for example a stretching to several hundreds per cent. of the original length of the material followed by a shrinking by 742% of the length of the stretched material; a continuous operation involving stretching followed by saponification; involving stretching, shrinking, ponification.
  • foils, films, sheets and the like and finally saand a continuous operation may be stretched by the processes described and in the case of foils, films and the like the stretching may be longitudinal and/or lateral or a lateral tension may be applied suificient to prevent lateral shrinkage during the application of for steam under pressure, means associated with said chamber and positioned ,on bothsides of said inlet orifice for introducing steam in said chamber, inlet and outlet orifices in said chamber for passage of the materials, a positively driven forwarding device adapted to forward the materials to said chamber'and a second positively driven forwarding device adapted to withdraw the materials from said chamber at a speed greater than that at which they are forwarded by the first forwarding device so that the materials are stretched between the forwarding devices during their passage through said chamber.
  • Apparatus for stretching running filaments, threads, foils and similar materials which comprises a substantially closed pressure chamber for steam under pressure, means associated with said chamber and positioned on both sides of said inlet orifice for introducing steam in said chamber, inlet and outlet orifices in said chamber for passage of the materials, a positively driven forwarding device located outside said chamber adapted to forward the materials to said chamber and a second positively driven forwarding device located outside said chamber adapted toi withdraw the materials from said chamber at a-speed greater than that at which they are forwarded by the first forwarding de-' vice so that the materials are stretched between the forwarding devices during their passage through said chamber.
  • Apparatus for stretching running filaments, threads, foils and similar materials which comprisesv a substantially closed pressure chamber for steam under pressure, means associated with said chamber and positioned so that it is above and below .the materials being passed therethrough for introducing [steam therein on both sides of the materials, said means being adapted to direct steam on to the materials immediately after their entry into said chamber, inlet and outlet orifices in said chamber for passage of the materials, a positively driven forwarding device adapted to forward the materials to said chamber and a second positively driven forwarding device adapted to withdraw the materials from said chamber at a. speed greater than that at which they are forwarded by the first forwarding device so that the materials are stretched between the forwarding devices during their passage through said chamber.
  • Apparatus for stretching running filaments, threads, foils and similar materials which com prises a substantially closed pressure chamber for steam under pressure, means associated with said chamber and positioned so that it is above and below the materials being passed therethrough for introducing steam therein on both sides ofthe materials, said means being adapted to directsteam on to the materials immediately after their entry into said chamber, inlet and outlet orifices in said chamber for passage of the materials, a positively driven forwarding device located outside said chamber adapted to forward the materials to said chamber and a second positively driven forwarding device located outside said chamber adapted to withdraw the materials from said chamber at a speed greater than that at which they are forwarded by the first forwarding device so that the materials are stretched between the forwarding devices during their passage through said chamber.
  • Apparatus for stretching running filaments, threads, foils and similar materials which comprises a substantially closed pressure chamber for steam under pressure, means associated with said chamber and positioned so that it is above and below the materialsbeing passed therethrough for introducing steam therein on both sides of the materials, inlet and outlet orifices in said chamber for passage of the materials, said orifices being of such size as to prevent substantial escape of steam, a positively driven forwarding device located outside said chamber adapted to forward the materials to said chamber and a second positively driven forwarding device located outside said chamber adapted to withdraw the, materials from said chamber at a speed greater than that at which they are forwarded by the first forwarding device so that the materials are stretched between the forwarding devices during their passage through said chamber.
  • Apparatus for stretching running filaments, threads, foils and similar materials which comprises a substantially closed pressure chamber for steam under pressure, means associated with said chamber and positioned so that it is above and below the materials being passed therethrough for introducing steam therein on both sides of the materials, said means being adapted 'to direct steam on to the materials immediately after their entry into' said chamber, inlet and outlet orifices in said chamber for passage of the materials, said orifices being of such size as to prevent substantial escape of steam, a positively driven forwarding device located outside said chamber adapted to forward the materials to said chamber and a second positively driven forwarding device located outside said chamber adapted to withdraw the materials from said chamber at a speed greater than that at which they are forwarded by the first forwarding device so that the materials are stretched between the forwarding devices 'during their passage through said chamber.
  • Apparatus for stretching running filaments, threads, foils and similar materials which comprises a substantially closed pressure chamber for steam under pressure having detachable end plates provided with orifices for the passage of the materials into and out of the chamber, means associated with said chamber and positioned so I that it is above and below the materials being passed therethrough for introducing steam therein on both sides of the materials, a positively d-riven forwarding device located outside said chamber adapted to forward the materials to said chamber and a second positively driven forwarding device located outside said chamber adapted to withdraw the materials from-said chamber at a speed greater than that at which they are forwarded by the first forwarding device so that the materials are stretched between the forwarding devices during their passage through said chamber.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US48084A 1935-02-01 1935-11-04 Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials Expired - Lifetime US2142717A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR797829D FR797829A (fr) 1935-02-01 1935-02-06 Perfectionnements à la fabrication de matières artificielles à base de dérivés de cellulose
US48084A US2142717A (en) 1935-02-01 1935-11-04 Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials
US123104A US2142722A (en) 1935-02-01 1937-01-30 Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US451035A 1935-02-01 1935-02-01
US48084A US2142717A (en) 1935-02-01 1935-11-04 Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials
US123104A US2142722A (en) 1935-02-01 1937-01-30 Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2142717A true US2142717A (en) 1939-01-03

Family

ID=27357646

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US48084A Expired - Lifetime US2142717A (en) 1935-02-01 1935-11-04 Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials
US123104A Expired - Lifetime US2142722A (en) 1935-02-01 1937-01-30 Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US123104A Expired - Lifetime US2142722A (en) 1935-02-01 1937-01-30 Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (2) US2142717A (fr)
FR (1) FR797829A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2428443A (en) * 1947-10-07 Cleaning highly polished glass sur
US2457838A (en) * 1946-05-04 1949-01-04 Celanese Corp Fluorescent cellulose acetate filaments
US2520202A (en) * 1946-01-21 1950-08-29 Celanese Corp Treatment of filaments, foils, and similar articles
US2628405A (en) * 1948-08-27 1953-02-17 Specialties Dev Corp Apparatus for treating yarn
US3097941A (en) * 1952-06-21 1963-07-16 Union Carbide Corp Method and apparatus for gas plating of metal on glass fibers
US3124859A (en) * 1959-11-03 1964-03-17 Yarn drawing apparatus

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2425037A (en) * 1942-07-11 1947-08-05 British Celanese Fluid treating apparatus for yarns
FR957895A (fr) * 1942-07-11 1950-02-28
US2478331A (en) * 1945-10-05 1949-08-09 Celanese Corp Production of high tenacity cellulose derivative yarns
BE485558A (fr) * 1947-11-12 1900-01-01
DE969509C (de) * 1951-10-16 1958-06-12 Chemstrand Corp Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Dampfbehandlung thermoplastischer, synthetischer Faeden
NL92928C (fr) * 1955-05-25 1900-01-01
IE49193B1 (en) * 1979-04-18 1985-08-21 Courtaulds Ltd Process for making a non-woven alginate fabric useful as a wound dressing
FR2650310B1 (fr) * 1989-07-26 1992-02-28 Superba Sa Installation de traitement thermique de fils textiles en continu
DE10060300A1 (de) * 1999-12-10 2001-06-21 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnerei Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verstrecken von textilen Fasern

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2428443A (en) * 1947-10-07 Cleaning highly polished glass sur
US2520202A (en) * 1946-01-21 1950-08-29 Celanese Corp Treatment of filaments, foils, and similar articles
US2457838A (en) * 1946-05-04 1949-01-04 Celanese Corp Fluorescent cellulose acetate filaments
US2628405A (en) * 1948-08-27 1953-02-17 Specialties Dev Corp Apparatus for treating yarn
US3097941A (en) * 1952-06-21 1963-07-16 Union Carbide Corp Method and apparatus for gas plating of metal on glass fibers
US3124859A (en) * 1959-11-03 1964-03-17 Yarn drawing apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR797829A (fr) 1936-05-05
US2142722A (en) 1939-01-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2142717A (en) Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials
GB518710A (en) Improvements in synthetic filaments, fibres and articles made therefrom
US2450045A (en) Apparatus for the treatment of textile strands
US2142910A (en) Apparatus for the manufacture of artificial materials
US2142909A (en) Treatment of artificial materials
US2053767A (en) Production of filaments, yarns, fabrics, and like materials
GB689407A (en) Spinning artificial filamentary materials
US2425037A (en) Fluid treating apparatus for yarns
US2142721A (en) Manufacture of artificial yarns or other materials
US2053766A (en) Production of filaments, yarns, fabrics, and like materials
US2081171A (en) Manufacture of artificial materials
US2025730A (en) Manufacture of artificial threads, films, and other products by wet spinning processes from solutions of cellulose esters or ethers
US1921426A (en) Method of treating artificial silk
US2072926A (en) Production of textile or other materials
US2142719A (en) Manufacture of textile and other materials
US2142912A (en) Treatment of cellulose derivative materials
US2070584A (en) Production and treatment of artificial filaments, threads, ribbons, and the like
US2072251A (en) Manufacture or treatment of artificial materials
US2058422A (en) Treatment of artificial filaments and like products
US2072250A (en) Treatment of filaments, films, and similar materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose
US2581566A (en) Production of spun yarns
US2279479A (en) Production of artificial yarns, foils, and similar materials
US2142890A (en) Treatment of textile and other materials
US1914491A (en) Textile material and method of making the same
US2072928A (en) Manufacture of artificial materials