US2121603A - Method of producing selenium rectifiers - Google Patents
Method of producing selenium rectifiers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2121603A US2121603A US136900A US13690037A US2121603A US 2121603 A US2121603 A US 2121603A US 136900 A US136900 A US 136900A US 13690037 A US13690037 A US 13690037A US 2121603 A US2121603 A US 2121603A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- selenium
- rectifier
- layer
- reducing
- rectifiers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 20
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 20
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical group [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LJOQGZACKSYWCH-WZBLMQSHSA-N hydroquinine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C=C2C([C@@H](O)[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4CCN3C[C@@H]4CC)=CC=NC2=C1 LJOQGZACKSYWCH-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004251 hydroquinine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D48/00—Individual devices not covered by groups H10D1/00 - H10D44/00
- H10D48/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D48/04—Manufacture or treatment of devices having bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form
- H10D48/043—Preliminary treatment of the selenium or tellurium, its application to foundation plates or the subsequent treatment of the combination
- H10D48/045—Treatment of the surface of the selenium or tellurium layer after having been made conductive
Definitions
- 'Ihe invention relates to rectiers, and especially to the selenium, dry-plate type of rectifiers.
- An object of the invention is to reduce the value of back current in selenium rectii'lers.
- Selenium has been utilized as the effective layer in dry plate rectiiiers because it can withstand a comparatively high blocking potential, for example, 2O volts per cell.
- One of the diiiiculties, however, with the selenium type of rectifier has been the fact that there is a very considerable so-called back currentihat flows in the blockingdirection with this high potential. This back current is a maximum immediately after the rectifier is produced and decreases in time to smaller values with the aging of the rectifier in use.
- the magnitude of. the back current is ⁇ undesirably too large in value, even after the rectifiers have been in use for some time.
- the invention provides means for reducing the value of this back current by preferably pretreating the selenium layer of the rectifier with a reducing agent before assembling the rectifier.
- This treatment may consist of a vaporization of the reducing means in a vacuum or by wet treatment of the selenium.
- reducing agents organic materials are preferably used. Certain inorganic materials, such as, for example, stannic salts, sulphur dioxide, and hydroxylamine (NH2.OH) may be utilized. Of. the organic materials, those which are preferably effective are generally known as photographic developers, such, i'or example, as pyrogallol, hydroquinine and 40 others.
- Suitable materials are phenol and phenol derivatives as well as resorcin; hydrazin and its derivatives', for example, methol hydrazin or phenol hydrazon; certain unsaturated compounds, for example, oleic acids and several unsaturated carbonates; nitrogen or sulphur containing organic compounds, for example, quinoline, aniline and its derivativesdimethol aniline, methol aniline and thiophen.
- a layer of ductile metal on the selenium layer of the rectifier.
- This metal can be sprayed on, for example, in a liquid condition, or by vaporization in a vacuum.
- the metal most desirable is cadmium.
- the drawing illustrates the selenium effective 10 layer of the rectifier with the preferred cadmium layer thereon, as well as listing the materials that have been found suitable for reducing agents.
- the treatment of the selenium layer with one or more of the reducing agents or their 15 compounds or derivatives, as above specified somewhat decreases the forward directional or transmission current, yet this decrease is not of vital importance.
- the magnitude of 20 the back current is reduced to usually small values, for example, 20 milliamperes at 20 volts blocking potential and not infrequently a resistance relationship of 1 to 800and better istattained.
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
June 21, 1938. A, LOTZ 2,121,603
METHOD oF PRODUCING SELENIUM RECTIFIERS Filed April 14, y1937' 460o/warn WiTNEssEs; l INVENTOR Patented June 2l, 1938 UNITED "STATES PATENT OFFICE METHOD F PRODUCING SELENIUM RECTIFIERS Application April 14,
1937, Serial N0. 136.900
In Germany May 30, 193'6 2 Claims.
'Ihe invention relates to rectiers, and especially to the selenium, dry-plate type of rectifiers.
An object of the invention is to reduce the value of back current in selenium rectii'lers.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, taken in conjunction. with the accompanying drawing in which the singlei figure is a crosssection through a selenium rectier plate and its contact layer.
Selenium has been utilized as the effective layer in dry plate rectiiiers because it can withstand a comparatively high blocking potential, for example, 2O volts per cell. One of the diiiiculties, however, with the selenium type of rectifier has been the fact that there is a very considerable so-called back currentihat flows in the blockingdirection with this high potential. This back current is a maximum immediately after the rectifier is produced and decreases in time to smaller values with the aging of the rectifier in use. The magnitude of. the back current, however, when high blocking potential is applied is` undesirably too large in value, even after the rectifiers have been in use for some time. y
The invention provides means for reducing the value of this back current by preferably pretreating the selenium layer of the rectifier with a reducing agent before assembling the rectifier. This treatment may consist of a vaporization of the reducing means in a vacuum or by wet treatment of the selenium. As reducing agents, organic materials are preferably used. Certain inorganic materials, such as, for example, stannic salts, sulphur dioxide, and hydroxylamine (NH2.OH) may be utilized. Of. the organic materials, those which are preferably effective are generally known as photographic developers, such, i'or example, as pyrogallol, hydroquinine and 40 others. Other suitable materials are phenol and phenol derivatives as well as resorcin; hydrazin and its derivatives', for example, methol hydrazin or phenol hydrazon; certain unsaturated compounds, for example, oleic acids and several unsaturated carbonates; nitrogen or sulphur containing organic compounds, for example, quinoline, aniline and its derivativesdimethol aniline, methol aniline and thiophen.
After the selenium has been treated with the reducing agent, it is preferred to place a layer of ductile metal on the selenium layer of the rectifier. This metal can be sprayed on, for example, in a liquid condition, or by vaporization in a vacuum. The metal most desirable is cadmium.
The drawing illustrates the selenium effective 10 layer of the rectifier with the preferred cadmium layer thereon, as well as listing the materials that have been found suitable for reducing agents. Although the treatment of the selenium layer with one or more of the reducing agents or their 15 compounds or derivatives, as above specified, somewhat decreases the forward directional or transmission current, yet this decrease is not of vital importance. In each case it is possible to attain a condition such that the magnitude of 20 the back current is reduced to usually small values, for example, 20 milliamperes at 20 volts blocking potential and not infrequently a resistance relationship of 1 to 800and better istattained.
The above described treatment of selenium rectifier plates with reducing materials may be applied if necessary to plates of the type in which the selenium layer has already been covered with a metal coating.
I claim as my invention:
1. The method of reducing the value of. the back current in a selenium rectifier which comprises treating the selenium with an organic reducing agent.
2. The method of reducing the value of the back current in a selenium rectifier which com- -prises treating the selenium with any one or more of the following reducing agents:v pyrogallol,
hydroquinine, phenol, resorcin, hydrazin, oleic 40 acids, unsaturated carbonates, quinoline, aniline, thiophen, stannic salts, sulphur dioxide, and hydroxylamine.
ALBERT LOTZ.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DES0122862 | 1936-05-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2121603A true US2121603A (en) | 1938-06-21 |
Family
ID=7536022
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US136900A Expired - Lifetime US2121603A (en) | 1936-05-30 | 1937-04-14 | Method of producing selenium rectifiers |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2121603A (en) |
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2443878A (en) * | 1943-02-22 | 1948-06-22 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Method of manufacturing selenium cells |
| US2446237A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1948-08-03 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Selenium rectifier |
| US2446239A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1948-08-03 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Selenium rectifier disk |
| US2446466A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1948-08-03 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Blocking layer rectifier |
| US2446238A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1948-08-03 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Selenium rectifier plate |
| US2446465A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1948-08-03 | Selenium rectifier | |
| US2471898A (en) * | 1947-04-10 | 1949-05-31 | Vickers Inc | Reclamation of selenium rectifier cells |
| US2488369A (en) * | 1943-12-15 | 1949-11-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Selenium rectifier |
| US2493241A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1950-01-03 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Dry plate selenium rectifier |
| US2510361A (en) * | 1944-04-06 | 1950-06-06 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Method of producing selenium rectifiers |
| US2524270A (en) * | 1945-09-27 | 1950-10-03 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Selenium rectifier |
| DE963538C (en) * | 1953-03-30 | 1957-05-09 | Licentia Gmbh | Method of manufacturing selenium rectifiers |
| DE966879C (en) * | 1953-02-21 | 1957-09-12 | Standard Elektrik Ag | Process for cleaning and / or removal of semiconductor material, in particular germanium and silicon substances |
| US2828453A (en) * | 1955-06-15 | 1958-03-25 | Westinghouse Brake & Signal | Selenium rectifiers |
| DE1031428B (en) * | 1955-06-07 | 1958-06-04 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of selenium rectifiers and arrangement for the implementation of this process |
| DE971458C (en) * | 1951-11-05 | 1959-01-29 | Licentia Gmbh | Process for the production of asymmetrically conductive systems accommodated in cup-shaped recesses |
| US2875103A (en) * | 1956-06-07 | 1959-02-24 | Westinghouse Brake And Sigual | Method of manufacturing selenium rectifiers |
| US2880497A (en) * | 1955-12-13 | 1959-04-07 | Harry H Hall | Method of making pressure measuring gage means |
| US2888620A (en) * | 1956-04-30 | 1959-05-26 | Westinghouse Air Brake Co | High resistance semiconductor cells |
| US3077386A (en) * | 1958-01-02 | 1963-02-12 | Xerox Corp | Process for treating selenium |
-
1937
- 1937-04-14 US US136900A patent/US2121603A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2443878A (en) * | 1943-02-22 | 1948-06-22 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Method of manufacturing selenium cells |
| US2488369A (en) * | 1943-12-15 | 1949-11-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Selenium rectifier |
| US2510361A (en) * | 1944-04-06 | 1950-06-06 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Method of producing selenium rectifiers |
| US2446237A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1948-08-03 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Selenium rectifier |
| US2446239A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1948-08-03 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Selenium rectifier disk |
| US2446466A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1948-08-03 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Blocking layer rectifier |
| US2446238A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1948-08-03 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Selenium rectifier plate |
| US2446465A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1948-08-03 | Selenium rectifier | |
| US2493241A (en) * | 1944-11-11 | 1950-01-03 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Dry plate selenium rectifier |
| US2524270A (en) * | 1945-09-27 | 1950-10-03 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Selenium rectifier |
| US2471898A (en) * | 1947-04-10 | 1949-05-31 | Vickers Inc | Reclamation of selenium rectifier cells |
| DE971458C (en) * | 1951-11-05 | 1959-01-29 | Licentia Gmbh | Process for the production of asymmetrically conductive systems accommodated in cup-shaped recesses |
| DE966879C (en) * | 1953-02-21 | 1957-09-12 | Standard Elektrik Ag | Process for cleaning and / or removal of semiconductor material, in particular germanium and silicon substances |
| DE963538C (en) * | 1953-03-30 | 1957-05-09 | Licentia Gmbh | Method of manufacturing selenium rectifiers |
| DE1031428B (en) * | 1955-06-07 | 1958-06-04 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of selenium rectifiers and arrangement for the implementation of this process |
| US2828453A (en) * | 1955-06-15 | 1958-03-25 | Westinghouse Brake & Signal | Selenium rectifiers |
| US2880497A (en) * | 1955-12-13 | 1959-04-07 | Harry H Hall | Method of making pressure measuring gage means |
| US2888620A (en) * | 1956-04-30 | 1959-05-26 | Westinghouse Air Brake Co | High resistance semiconductor cells |
| US2875103A (en) * | 1956-06-07 | 1959-02-24 | Westinghouse Brake And Sigual | Method of manufacturing selenium rectifiers |
| US3077386A (en) * | 1958-01-02 | 1963-02-12 | Xerox Corp | Process for treating selenium |
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