US2103308A - Motor for pumping mechanisms - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 28, 1937.

MOTOR FOR PUMPING MECHANISMS Filed Oct. 9, 1934 3 SheetS-Sheet l I lhw 7 lnve nl'ar:

ll/ode H. Mnem an,

y ,8; 4mm 331- w. H. WINEMAN 2,103,308

Dec. 28, 1937. w. H. 'WINEMAN I MOTOR FOR PUMPING MECHANISMS Filed OCT.. 9, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 any.

52am r Dec. 28, 1937. w. H. WINEMAN 0 MOTOR FOR PUMPING MECHANISMS Filed 001;. 9, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 v 4 4 r" I Fig.7. 90 1 29.6.

a; a? 3.9 a 3 i Inventor: 12 F Made HZ/ineman. 2r I: A

Patented Dec. 28, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

to Sullivan Machinery of Massachusetts ompany, a corporation Application 0mm 9, 1934, Serial No. 747,538

29 Claims.

This invention relates to pumping mechanisms and more particularly to expansible chamber motors which are well adapted. for a nu nber of pur-' poses but which find particular utility in the operation oi oil well pumps.

In certain oil fields there is a substantial quantity of oil available but insufilcient pressure in thestrata to cause the oil to rise to the surface,

and under such conditions devices for pumping the oil are necessary. A very satisfactory syshausted from the motor cylinders with considerable residual pressure (sufllcient properly to counter-balance the weights of the pump rod line and moving pump parts) and is returned to the intake of the air compressor of the compressor plant for recompression. Suitable makeup means is provided for supplying additional air, as some is lost through leakage, or the like.

It is not practical to have an operator at each well, for reasons of economy, and it is accordingly important that the pumping motors shall be very reliable, free from possibility of derangement under all ordinary conditions; and it is desirable if practicable, to provide a motor which may both operate upon a rectangular cycle and also-with expansion and compression in" accordunder which it is to be ance with the conditions used vide an improved pumping motor particularly adapted for oil well pumping as described, but of general applicability wherever relatively long and comparativeLv slow strokes are desired. An- 3 other object of the invention is to provide an improved single-acting motor of the expansible chamber type having improved valve means. A further object of my invention is to provide an improved fluid-operated valve gear for an ex- 3 pansible chamber motor. Still another object of my invention is to provide an improved fluidoperated valve gear of the poppet type for an expansible chamber motor. Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter more 5 fully appear.

An object of the present invention is to pro- I In the accompanying drawings, in which one illustrative embodiment and a modification oi the invention have been shown for purposes of illustration,-

Fig. 1 is a front elevation, with parts broken away, showing a portion of the pumping mechanism arraiiged at a well which is to be pumped and incorporating a pumping motor of the illustrative form.

Fig. 2 is a view on an enlarged scale with parts broken away to show a central section through a portion of the motor cylinder and through the valve mechanism of the illustrative embodiment of the improved expansible chamber motor herein described.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view through the inlet valve mechanism of the motor.

Fig. 4 is a top view of the inlet valve chest.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary detail section through a portion of the motor.

Fig. 61s a detail section through another po tion of the motor, the section being at right angles to that of the section of Fig. 5.

Figs. -7, 8, 9 and 10 are views partially in section and partially in elevation showing dififerent phases of the motor cycle.

Fig. 11 is a view on a small scale showing a modification.

Referring first to Fig. 1, it will be noted that a platform or derrick floor l supports a suitable frame 2 of structural steel or the like. The top member 3 of the frame pivotally supports at 4 the upper head 5 of an expansible chamber motor 6, which includes, in addition to the upper head, a cylinder 1 and a lower head and valve chest member 8. The parts may be suitably held together by threadingthe parts; or by side rods," not shown, extending between the upper and a lower heads and clamping the cylinder between the heads. Associated with the lower head are the admission and exhaust valve mechanisms of the motor, and these control the flow from a compressor (not shown) through a supply pipe II), a preheater II, a delivery pipe II, a stop valve l3, a vent valve M, an automatic stop or control valve mechanism If, which is adapted to preclude overspeeding of the motor and which forms the subject matter of my application Serial No. 746,171, filed September 29, 1934, then to the motor; and the exhaust passes from the motor through a line I6, controllable by a valve l'l, back to the intake of the compressor. v

The motor 8 has a piston I8 reciprocable i the cylinder 1 and connected by a piston rod ll through a suitable adjustable connection it to a and an upper portion 35 of larger diameter, the portion 34 fltting a bore 36 in cylinder member provided with a seat 26 surrounding a port 26' formed in a partition 21 between a chamber 26 to which the supply connection |2 leads and a passage 29 opening into the bottom of the motor cylinder 1. Valve -25 is suitablyconnected either flexibly or by an integral stem 36 with a piston mechanism 3|, which is reciprocable in a cylinder member 32 alined with the valve seat 26 and supported by the top of the lower cylinder head 6 and having a suitable upper head or end-closure 33. The piston structure 3| comprises a lower portion 34 of smaller diameter (of substantially the same diameter as the port 26') 32 and the portion 35 fltting a bore 31 in cylinder member 32. Any suitable mode of reducing leakage past the piston portions may be employed, as forexample piston rings as shown at 38. The space at the lower'end of the larger bore 31 is vented as at 39 and the pressure leaking thereto may be led away to a desired point or conducted directly to atmosphere, as may be desired. The top of the valvemember 25 is smaller than larger piston portion 35. The upper head member 33 of the cylinder 32 is provided with a central bore 4| in which a tubular m.em ber 42, having a valve seat 43 at its lower end, is mounted. The member 42 may be suitably held in position in the upper head 33 and is connectible by a coupling member 44 to a tube 45 leading upwardly along the side of the cylinder 1 and arranged to communicate with' the bore of the cylinder at a point 45" where it will be uncovered bythe upper end of piston II as the latter approaches the bottom of the stroke of the motor cylinder. The piston structure 3| carries in its upper end .a central threaded plug 41 having a bore 48 therein in which a spring 49 is mounted, and the spring 49 yieldably presses a valve member 50, which is slidably mounted in the upper end of the plug 41, in an upward direction and is adapted to cause the same to protrude normally somewhat above the upper end of the piston portion 35. The valve member 59 is provided with wings to be engaged by the spring 49 and has a tapered seating portion 52 to cooperate with the seat 43. The spring 49 is of such strength as to enable portion 52 to prevent flow through the tubular member 42, while in contact with valve seat 43. A pin. 54 is provided to prevent the plug 41 from becoming unscrewed accidentally during operation of the pump.

The upper head 33 further comprises a radially ofiset chamber 56 having a liner 51 providing a valve seat 56 surrounding a port which communicates at 59, through the bottom of the head. with the chamber 31. A spring pressed valve 60 having an extension or stem 6| normally seats upon the seat 58, being pressed thereon by a spring 62 maintained under compression by a threaded follower and plug member 63. The spring pressure is such as to prevent any purely pressure fluid differential at the opposite sides of the valve from unseating the latter. The valve is provided with wings 64 for the spring to engageand arranged to permit vflow past the valve and through the port 55 when the valveis unseated. When the valve is upon its seat the stem 6| projects a substantial distance inwardly. from the inner surfac' of the upper head member 33 and is' adapted to e engaged by the upper end of the piston portion 35, which has a wear-resisting material, as shown at 65, arranged in a groove upon the upper end of the piston member so that irrespective of the position the valve 25 may assume by rotation upon its axis there will be no tendency to change the operation of the device due to wearing away of the head of the piston portion 35. The plug 63 is ported at 66 and a connection 61 leads from the port 66 to communicate with the bore of the motor cylinder 1 below the piston either just about as the piston l8 approaches the top of its stroke or somewhat earlier,

depending upon the cycle of operation desired and the adjustment of control means hereinafter described.

At the opposite side of the lower head 3 of the motor cylinder there is arranged the exhaust valve mechanism. This includes an exhaust valve which seats upwardly upon a seat 1| surrounding a port 1| formed in a partition member 12 separating a chamber 13 which communicates through the lower cylinder head 3 with the bore of the cylinder 1 and "a chamber 14 to which the exhaust conduit 6 is connected. The exhaust valve 10 is provided with a lower stem loosely moving in a guide 16 and is pressed in upward direction by a spring 11, whose tension and function will later be more fully described. The exhaust valve is also provided with an upwardly extending stem 13 which is pressed by spring 11 into end abutment with and so operatively connected with a piston mechanism 19 substantially identical with the piston mechanism described as cooperating with the admission valve. Similar parts bear like numbers, but with primes. The valve-controlled central passage extending through the upper cylinder head 33' of the exhaust valve controlling mechanism is communicable through a connection 80 selectively with a point substantially above the top of the piston l3 when the latter is in its lowest position in cylinder 1 or at a point relatively substantially closer to the top of the piston l8 when the latter is in its lowest position, depende ing upon the cycle of operation desired and the adjustment of control means hereinafter described. The port 66' of the exhaust valve controlling mechanism is connected by a connection 8| with a point Just below the motor piston II when the latter is at substantially the top of its normal working stroke.

The mechanismfor controlling the points of communication of the connections 61 and 30 with the cylinder bore and the means therefor are identical with the means for accomplishing sim-, ilar functions shown in my copending application Ser. No. 612,538, filed May 20, 1932, (now matured into Letters Patent No. 2,004,146) and it will here sufllce to state that by suitable adjustment of the valve mechanisms 83 and 34'-arranged respectively in the valve casings Hand 84 the connection 80 may be caused to communicate with the cylinder bore at the same point that the connection 45 communicates with it, or at a higher point through the connection 39', and the connection 61 may be caused to communicate with the cylinder bore at the same point as the connection 3| or at a materially lower point, through the connection 61, as may be desired. The mode of operation of the apparatus may now be here briefly described.

For the purpose of this description it will "be assumed that the valve mechanisms 83 and 84 are so adjusted as to cause the several passages 45, 51, 80 and 8| each to have individual and spaced communication with the cylinder bore. Starting with the position of the parts shown in Fig. 2, it will be observed that the admission valve is unseated (the motor back pressure unseats it before the motor starts) and that operating fluid is flowing from the chamber 28 through the port 26' and through the port 29, beneath the piston l8 and is in the process of raising the latter. It will be observed that the valve 52 is seated upon the valve seat 43 and that no fluid which may enter the connection 45. can obtain access to the, bore 31 in which the piston portion 35 is now in uppermost position. When, however, pressure fluid obtains access to the connection 61 the fluid will be able to pass the open valve 50 and act upon the top of the piston portion 35 and "start downward movement of the valve 25.

As the piston l8 moves upward in the cylinder, communication with the passage 45 will first be established, but no motion of the admission valve 25 will occur because the valve 52 is seated and is so maintained by the pressure of its spring 49. The connection 80 will thereafter be brought into communication with the pressure acting upon the lower side of the piston, but because the valve 52 of the exhaust control mechanism, corresponding to the valve 52 of the high pressure control mechanism, is also seated and so held by its spring corresponding to the spring 49, the exhaust valve will remain closed.

When the piston, however, moves upward to a position where fluid pressure is supplied from the cylinder bore to connection 61, this fluid will pass through the port 66, past the valve 60, through the port 59' and act upon the top end area of. the piston portion 35and start to move the latter downwardly. Before the piston portion 35 moves downwardly far enough to permit closure of the valve 60, valve 52-willunseat and fluid will then flow through the connection 45, and even though its flow through the connection 61 will be terminated on closure of the valve 50,. the pressure through 45 will force the piston downward to close the valve 25 upon its seat 25. Cut-ofi will thus be effected. The piston l8,however, will continue to move. upwardly under the action of the expanding working fluid until its lower end passes above the point of communica-. tion of the connection 8| with the cylinder bore and thus pressure will be admitted to the chamber within which the controlling piston mechanism of the exhaust valve is located, and the exhaust valve will be unseated against the action of the spring 11. i I

The piston l8 then will start downward, being moved by the weight of the rod line and against the back pressure. Though the mouth of the port 8l may be uncovered and brought into communication with the atmosphere through the vented top of the motor cylinder at 90, the valve mechanism 60' associated with the exhaust control will not, because of the pressure exerted'by its spring which corresponds to the spring 82, permit escape of fluid from above the exhaust valve operating piston, and accordingly the exhaust valve will remain open. Similarly the valve 60 will not,

because of the pressure exerted by its spring 62,

. permit the venting of the space above the piston portion-.35 when the piston l8 moves below the point of communication of the passage 61 with the motor cylinder.

When the upper surface of the piston passes below the point 01. communication of the passage 80 with the bore of the cylinder 1, the pressure ing action will be occasioned by the combined pressure of the spring 11 and the action of exhaust line pressure upon an area equivalent to l the cross section of the smaller bore in-the exhaust valve controlling cylinder acting to. move the exhaust valve piston upwardly so that the spring I1 and the rush of exhausting air may close valve 10. When, thereafter, the space above the piston 35 is brought into communication with the space above the piston l8,when the latter moves downward below the point of communication of connection 45 with the cylinder bore, the fluid will flow out through the connection 45 to atmospheric pressure and the admission valve will have then only atmospheric pressure acting on the top of. the piston portion 35 to maintain it seated, while the pressure within the lower or working end of the cylinder, acting upon the lower surface of the valve, will move the latter to open position.

The cycle above explained will then be repeated over and over as long as fluid supply to the motor is continued. It will be noted that valves 60 and 60' do not seat until valves .52- and 52' respectively unseat on downward movements of the valve actuating pistons, and that desirably fluid admitted through ports 59 and 59 canhave access to the full top areas of therespective valve controlling pistons.

an approximately rectangular" cycle is shown..-

Here 61 and 8| enter acommon-T 9| connected at 9| with the cylinder bore, and 45 and 80 enter a common T 92, connected at 92' with the cylinder bore. The admission valve closes before the exhaust valve opens because of the spring I1 and, it is' believed, in part because of the pressure differential due to the larger area of the back of the valve 10 than the cross section of piston 34'. The exhaust valve closes before the admission valve opens, in part, because, it is believed, of the uncounter-balanced annulus at the rim of the back of the closed admission 'valve, and unquestionably because of the spring 11.

In both forms of the invention it will be noted that there are provided a rugged, simple, positive, and eflicient valve gear and motor providing for a smooth pumping operation andusing a of moving parts and avoiding anything but a positive and definite timing of the events 01 the motor cycle. While there are in this application specifically described two forms which the invention may assume in practice, it will be undeistood that venting one end or said cylinder, and for; controlling admission and with respect to 7'5. 1

the opposite end of said cylinder including an ad- .mission valve opened by the pressure prevailing in the working end of the cylinder just prior to'admission and an end-seating exhaust valve moving on closure in the direction of flow of the discharging exhaust fluid and whose closing is controlled by motor back pressure, and means for moving said valves in the opposite directions by cylinder pressure including a check valve moving with each of said valves and delaying throwing thereof.

2. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end of said cylinder including an admission valve opened by the pressure prevailing in the working end of the cylinder Just prior to admission and an end-seating exhaust valve moving on closure in the direction of flow of the discharging exhaust fluid andwhose closing is controlled by motor back pressure, and means for moving said valves in the opposite directions by cylinder pressure including a check valve moved by each of said valves to a position to permit the passage of valve throwing pressure.

3. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end of said cylinder including an admission valve opened by the pressure prevailing in the working end of the cylinder just prior to admission and an end-seating exhaust valve moving on closure in the direction of flow of the discharging exhaust fluid and whose closing is controlled by motor back, pressure, and means for moving said valves in the opposite directions by cylinder pressure including check valves respectively moving with and moved by each of such valves and respectively delaying opposite valve movements. 4. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission. and exhaust with respect to the opposite end of said cylinder including an admission valve opened by the pressure prevailing in the working end of the cylinder just prior. to admission and having a closingpressuredevice having a plurality'of piston controlled connections with the cylinder bore-and respectively providing starting and throwing pressures, said starting pressure connection last uncovered by the piston on the'working stroke of the latter.

5. In a motor in combination, a cylinder, a

, piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end oi said cylinder including an admission valve opened by the pressure prevailing in the working end of the cylinder just prior to admission and having a closing pressuredevice having a plurality of piston controlled check-valved connections withthe cylinder bore and respectively providing starting and throwing pressures, said starting pressure connection last uncovered by the piston on the working stroke of the latter. 6. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a piston recipi'ocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end 01' said cylinder including an admission valve opened by the pressure prevailing in the working end of the cylinder 7. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a pis ton reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end of said cylinder including anadmission valve opened by the pressure prevailing in the working end of the cylinder just prior to admission and having a pressure device associated therewith for eifecting closing thereof, said pressure device having a plurality of check-valvecontrolled connections between the same and the cylinder bore at points in the latter overrun by the piston during movement of the same, said connections operative respectively to transmit starting and throwing pressures, the check valve control for one of said connections comprising a valve relative towhich said pressure device is bodily movable but actuated by said pressure device to a position in which pressure is admitted thereby to said pressure device.

8. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, at piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end of said cylinder including an admission valve opened by the pressure prevailing in the working end of the cylinder just prior to admission and having a pressure device associated therewith for effecting closing thereof, said pressure device having a plurality of check-valve-controlled connections between the same and the cylinder bore at points in the latter overrun by the piston during movement of the same, said connections operative respectively to transmit starting and throwing pressures, the check valve control for one of said connections comprising a check valve element carried by said pressure device and eflective to delay the closing of said valve until pressure is transmitted by the other of said connections and the check valve control for the other one of said connections comprising a valve relative to which said pressure device is bodily movable but actuated by said pressure device to a position in which pressure is admitted-thereby to said pressure device.

'9. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end of said cylinder including an exhaust valve whose closing is controlled by motor back pressure and having an opening pressuredevice having a plurality of piston controlled connections with the cylinder bore and providing ing an exhaust valve whose closing is controlled by motor back pressure and which has a pressure device associated therewith for eflecting opening thereof, said pressure device having a plurality of 5" check-valve-controlled connections between the same and the cylinder bore at points in the latter overrun by the piston during movement of the same, said connections operative respectively to transmit starting and throwing pressure, and said in connection for providing throwing pressure first 20 device associated therewith for effecting opening thereof, said pressure device having a plurality of check-valve-controlled connections between the same and the cylinder bore at points in the latter overrun by the piston during movement of, the

25 same, the check valve control for one of said .connections comprising a check valve element carried by said pressure device and effective to delay the opening of said valve until the transmission of pressure through the. other connection.

80 12. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a

piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end of said cylinder includ- 35 ing an exhaust valve whose closing is controlled by motor back pressure and which has a pressure device associated therewith for eflecting opening thereof, said pressure device having a. plurality of check-valve-controlled connections be- 40 tween the same and the cylinder bore at points in the latter overrun by the piston during-movement of the same, the check valve control for one of said connections comprising a valve relative to which said pressure device is bodily .45 movable but actuated by said pressure device to a position in which pressure is admitted thereby to said pressure device.

13. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, means for contino uously venting one end of said cylinder, and

plurality of check-valve-controlled connections between the same and the cylinder bore at points in the latter overrun by the piston during moveso ment of the same, the check valve control for one of said connections comprising a check valve element carried by said pressure device and effective to delay the opening of said valve until the delivery 'of pressure to said pressure device 05 through the other connection and the check valve control for the other one of said connections comprising a valve relative to which said pressure device is bodily movable but actuated by said pressure device to a position in which pres- 70 sure is admitted thereby to said pressure device. 14. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a

piston reciprocable therein, means for--oontinuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust 1g wlthrenecttotheoppositeendoisaidcylinder including an admission valve opened by the pressure prevailing in the working end of the cylinder just prior to admission and an exhaust valve whose closing is controlled by motor back 7 pressure and means for effecting opposite move- 5 ments of said. valves by working pressure from the cylinder having plural cylinder connections for each valve controlled by piston movement at widely separated points in such movement, one connection for each valve controlled by a' check 10 valve moving bodily with the valve whose functioning it controls.

15. In a motor, in. combination, a cylinder, a piston recipro cable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end of said cylinder including an admission valve opened by the pressure prevailing lathe-working end of the cylinder just prior to admission and an exhaust valve whose closing is controlled by motor back pressure and means for eflecting opposite movements of said valves by working pressure from the cylinder having plural cylinder connections for each valve controlled by piston movement at widely separated'pointsin such movement, one connection for each valve controlled by a check valve and each valve having an element moving therewith to impinge and move said check valve.

16. In a motor, in combinatio i', a cylinder, a piston reciprocable'therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end of said cylinder including an admission valve and an exhaust valve and means for effecting opposite movements of said valves including means for effecting one valve movement of each valve by working pressure from the cylinder including plural cylinder: 0 connections for each valve controlled by piston movement at widely separated points in such movement, one connection for each valve controlled by a check valve moving bodily with the valve whose functioning it controls.

17. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and

means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end of said cylinder ineluding an admission valve and anexhaust valve and means for effecting opposite movements of said valves including means for effecting one valve movement of each valve by working pressure from the cylinder including plural cylinder connections for each valve controlled by piston movement at' widely separated points in such movement, at least one connection for each valve controlled by a check valve and each valve having an element moving therewith to impinge and move said check valve.

' 18. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a single-acting piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and fluid distribution means therefor in- 55 eluding an admission valve opened by the presslme prevailing in the working end of the cylinder just prior to admission, and controlling means for said valve including means providing a throw?- ing area to close the valve, a connection from said area with the cylinder bore uncovered by the working time of the piston-at substantially the moment of desired cut-oft, a connection from said area with the cylinder bore uncovered by the non-working face oi the piston at substanu tially the moment of desired admission, a check valve having a fixed locus controlling said first mentioned connection, and a check valve element bodily movable with said admission valve controlling said second mentioned connection.

19. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a single-acting piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and fluid distribution meanstherefor including an exhaust valve whose closing is controlled by motor back pressure, and controlling means for said exhaust valve including means providing a throwing area to open'said valve, a connection from said area with the cylinder bore uncoveredv by the working face of the piston at substantially the moment of desired release, a connection from said area with the cylinder bore uncovered by the non-working face of the piston at substantially the moment of desired compression, a check valve having a fixed locus controlling the first of said connections, and a check valve element bodily movable with said exhaust valve controlling the latter oi said connections.

20. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a single-acting piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end of said cylinder, and fluid distribution means therefor includingan admission valve opened by the pressure prevailing in the working end of the cylinder just prior to admission, and controlling means for said valve including means providing a throwing area to close the valve, a connection from said area with the cylinder bore uncovered by the working face of the piston at substantially the moment of desired cut-ofl, a connection from said area with the cylinder bore uncovered by the nonworking face of the piston at substantially the moment of desired admission, a check valve having a fixed locus controlling said, first mentioned connection, and a check valve element bodily movable with said admission valve controlling said second mentioned connection, and an exhaust valve closed by motor back pressure, and controlling means for said exhaust valve including means providing a throwing area to open said valve, a connection from said area with the cylinder bore uncovered by the working face of the piston at substantially the moment of desired release, a connection from said area with the cylinder bore uncovered by the non-working face of the piston at substantially the moment of desired compression, a check valve having-a fixed locus controlling the first of said exhaust-valve-controlling connections, and a check valve element bodily movable with said exhaust valve controlling the latter of said exhaust-valve-controlling connections.

21. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, 8. piston reciprocable therein, andvalve mechanism for said motor including a valve and controlling means therefor having a pressure area acting to move said valve, and means for supplying pressure to said area to efiect valve clossure and venting pressure therefrom to permit valve opening respectively having communication with the cylinder bore at points widely spaced longitudinally of the latter and having separate communications with said area- 22. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and valve mechanism for said motor including an admission valve and controlling means therefor having a pressure area acting to move said valve to closed position, and means for supplying pressure to said area and venting pressure therefrom respectively having communication with the cylinder bore at points widely spaced longitudinally of the latter and having separate communications with said area each having check valve associated therewith.

23.' In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and valvemechanism for said motor including an exhaust valve and controlling means therefor having a pressure area acting to move said valve to open position, and means for supplying pressure to said area and venting pressure therefrom respectively having communication with the cylinder bore at points widely spaced longitudinally of the latter and having separate communications with said area each having a check valve associated therewith.

24. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, 9. single acting piston reciprocable therein, and valve mechanism for said'motor including a valve having constantly a bias in one direction and controlling means therefor having a pressure area acting to move said valve in the opposite direction,.and means for supplying pressure to and venting pressure irom said area includinga passage for supplying pressure to said area to initiate but not complete such opposite movement and a passage for venting pressure from said area to permit reverse movement, said passages respectively having check-valve-controlled communications with the cylinder bore at points widely spaced longitudinally of the latter, said pressure venting passage at a point near the beginning of the'working-stroke or the piston and said pressure supplying passage at a point near the opposite end of the cylinder.

25. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a single acting piston reciprocable therein, and valve mechanism for said motor including an admission valve having controlling means including a pressure area for moving said valve to closed position, means for opening said valve when pressure is vented from said area, and means for supplying pressure to said area to close said valve and venting pressure therefrom to permit valve opening including connections.

having check-valve-controlled communication with the cylinder bore at points widely spaced longitudinally of the latter, the pressure venting means at a point near the beginning of the working stroke of the piston and the pressure supplying means including a communication at a point near the opposite end of the cylinder for the delivery of starting pressure only to said area.

26. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a single acting piston reciprocable therein, and valve mechanism for said motor including an exhaust valve having constantly a bias towards closed position and controlling means therefor having a pressure area acting to move said valve to open position, and means for supplying pressure to said area to open said valve and venting pressure therefrom to permit valve closure insingle acting piston therein and valve mechanism for said motor including a valve having means for effecting movement thereof in one direction upon reduction in an opposing force, and means for providing such a force to effect the opposite valve movement including a pressure fluid actuated element, and means associated therewith including a connection for transmitting pressure thereto after an initial movement of said member but inefiective until movement is started, and means for transmitting only a starting movement to said element ineflectiveas soon as substantial movement takes place.

28. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder. 9. I

single acting piston therein", and valve mechatrolling the times of efiective supply and venting of fluid relative thereto.

29. In a motor, in combination, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, means for continuously venting one end oi! said cylinder, and means for controlling admission and exhaust with respect to the opposite end oi! said cylinder including. an exhaust valve having associated therewith means constantly exerting thereon a yielding closing pressure and having a pressure fluid responsive actuating and controlling device associated therewith for eflecting opening and controlling closing thereof, said device having a surface in continuous communication with the= nections.

WADE H. WINEMAN.

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