US2095885A - Application of studs - Google Patents

Description

` oct. 12, a s. Mmmm am Y 2,095,885`

Patented Qct. 12, 1.937 l. l l

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE APPLICATION oF s'rUDs Salvador Moreira and Ernest J. Sabol, Worcester, Mass., assignors to The American Steel and Wire Company of New Jersey, a corporation of New Jersey Application May 3, 1935, serial No. 19,745 2 claims. (ci. asi-169) This invention is an improved method of xshow a tool 8 which has a striking end 9 proing metal studs to metal bodies provided with viding a face that angles awayn from the end of holes in which the studs may be fitted and is the terminal 3 and a flat face IU which can particularly concerned with the application of strike the end of the terminal in line Vwith the stud -terminal rail bonds to railroad rails. One stud 4. 5

of 'the objects is to increase the holding power When this tool 8 strikes in the manner indiof such studs after they have been xed to the cated by Figure 4, its flat face I0 applies a combodies. Other objects may be inferred. pressive force longitudinally to the stud 4. Si-

Referring to the accompanying drawing: multaneously, its striking end 9 penetrates the 10 Figures 1, 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views head I and, because of the angular face of this l0 of a stud terminal rail bond with its stud tted end 9, applies force to the head at a position adin a hole in the head of a lrailroad rail, the rejacent the hole 2 and in a direction which angles spective views showing various phases of the new4 toward the latter, so as to cause the metal of the method. I rail to flow and penetrate into the stud 4. Figure lli Figures 4v .and` 5 are similar cross-sectional Y 5 illustrates the result obtained by the use of this 15 views showing various phases of a modified form secondly described tool, it being noted that here K of the new method. again the locking effect is obtained. g

Figures 6 and 7 are further similar views showlFigures 6 and 7 are further views of the termiing a further modication of the new method. nal 3 with its stud 4 positioned in the hole 2 in More particularly, Figure ll shows a cross-secthe rail head I. At this point it should be Vunder- 20 tional portion of the head of a rail I in which stood that stud terminal bonds are` generally a hole Zis formed.y This hole must be relatively made of softer metal=than is the metal ofthe shallow so as not to materially weaken the rail. railroad rail. Such is assumed to be so in the e The terminal 3 has its stud 4 fitted in this hole, case of the elements illustrated by Figures 6 the latter. being of less depth than the length of and 1. 25

this stud. Therefore, when a compressive force In Figure 6 it may be assumed that the termiis applied to the outside of the terminal 3 in line nal 3 has been applied to the head I by pressure with the stud 4 the latter will be expanded in the applied to the terminal so as to cause expansion hole t due to the resulting longitudinal applicaof the stud 4. The next step,I therefore,` is to tion of force to the same. provide the locking action. For this a tool II is 30 According to the new method the compressive used, which is in the nature of a bridge providforce is not only applied longitudinally to the ing a striking end I2 having an angular face I3. stud 4 so as to cause it to expand in the hole 2 When this tool is arranged as shown, it is struck but force is also applied to the rail head I adjaa blow so as to apply suiiicient compression to cent the hole 2 so-as to' cause the metal of the the relatively harder metal of the rail head at a 35 rail to ow toward the stud and penetrate the position adjacent the hole 2 which causes this same. relatively harder metal to flow, whereby the metal The above forces may be applied by any suittends to iiow into the relatively softer metal of able tool, such as the concussive tool 5 having a the stud. Figure 7 illustratesthe final result obreduced striking end 6 which is illustrated by tained, the displaced metal of the rail again pro- 40 Figures 1 through 3. In this group of figures, viding the desired locking. Figure 2 illustrates the tool 5 as it appears while Throughout the foregoing it is to be understood striking the terminal 3. It will be noted that the that various applications of pressure described reduced end 6 isA aimed so as to strike the end of may result either from a concussive force or from the terminal and thus cause expansion of the the slow application of a force such as is ob- 45 stud 4 in the hole '2. Furthermore, it penetrates tained by a press. Furthermore, in all cases the the end of the terminal and a portion of the head force used should be suiiicient to cause the metal of the rail Il which is adjacent the hole 2. This of the rail to iioW as has been described. causes the metal of the rail to flow into the stud We claim:

4, as at 1. Figure 3 shows the terminal after it 1. A` method of fixing a rail bond terminal stud 5." has been thus fixed to the rail head I. It will in a recess formed in a railroad rail when said be noted that the stud 4 is not only expanded in stud is longer than said recess is deep, including the hole 2 but is locked in place by the metal forcing said stud longitudinally against the end of of the rail which has penetrated the stud. said recess so as to expand said stud and ap- Figures 4 and 5 show the .same terminal, but plying force to the surface of said rail adjacent 55 said recess so as to force the rail metal to flow towards said stud and to penetrate the latter.

2. A method of xing a rail bond terminal stud in a recess formed in a railroad rail when said 5 stud is longer than said recess is deep, including forcing said stud longitudinally against the end of said recess so as toexpand said stud and

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