US2081241A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Description

May 25, 1937. M H KUHNER 2,081,24l

STEAM GENERATOR May 25, 1937. M. H. Kul-@NER 081,24l y y STEAM GENERATOR Filed April 28, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 aww mxmmfm1 MAX H. KUHNER Patented May 25, 1937 UNITED STATES.

PATENT orties STEAM GENERATOR `Application April 28, 1936, Serial No. 76,779

8 Claims.

This invention relates to steam generators, and more particularly to steam generators of the water tube type.

It is one object of the invention to provide a steam generator which will have a large capacity and which will require comparatively little headroom.

It is a further-object of the invention to provide a steam generator which can be operated with various fuels burned either in suspension or in solid form.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a steam generator which will afford a large water cooled combustion chamber.

It is a Vfurther object of the invention to provide a steam generator which will operate at high'ei'liciency and which will be comparatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture.

With these and other objects in view, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the invention resides in the combination of parts set forth in the specification and covered by the claims appended hereto.

Referring to the drawings illustrating one embodiment of the invention, and in which like reference numerals indicate like parts,

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a steam generator, the section being taken on the line I'I of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is La section on the line 4-4 of Fig. l; and

Fig. 5 is a top plan View of the apparatus with certain parts removedfor clearness of illustration. The embodiment illustrated comprises an upper longitudinal,steam-and-water drum Ill and 'a lower longitudinal water drum I I therebeneath. These drums 'are connected by a bank of substantially vertical water tubes I2 with their end portions bent to enter the drums "radially, as shown in Fig. 4. The drums I and II are also connected by a second bank of substantially vertical w'ater tubes I4 located in the rear of the tubes I2 and likewise provided with end portions bent to enter the drums radially. The tubes I4 are preferably somewhat smaller in diameter than the tubes I2.

The rear bank of tubes I4 is arranged to serve as an integral economizer. For this purpose a transverse baiiie plate I (Fig. l) is mounted within the lower drum II between the lower ends of the tubes I2 and the lower ends Vof the tubes I 4, and a transverse baffle plate I6 is mounted within the upper 'drum I0 to separate the upper ends of certain of the tubes I4 from the others. The

plate I5 extends entirely across 'the lower drum II, and the plate I6 is arranged with its upper edge at approximately the center of the upper drum Ill. Feed water is supplied to the upper drum I0 in the rear of the plate IG through a nozzle I'I. With this construction the feed water flows downwardly through certain of the tubes I4 to the lower drum II and thence upwardly through the remainder of the tubes Ill to the up# per drum Ill in front of the plate I6.

Provision is made for the burning of fuel, and the delivery of the hot gaseous products of combustion into contact with the tubes I2 and I4.

For this purpose a wall I8 is located close to and l in the rear of the tubes I4, and walls I9 are located on opposite sides of the tubes I2 and I4. These side walls I9 are extended forwardly to meet a front wall 20, thus forming a combustion chamber or furnace 22 in front of the water tubes I2. A transverse bafe wall 23 extends upwardly from the lower drum II between the rst and second rows of tubes I2, and a similar baflie wall 24 extends upwardly from the lower drum between the tube banks I2 and M. A third transverse baffle wall 26 extends downwardly from the upper drum I0 intermediate the Walls 23 and 24. A dampered gas outlet opening 21 is provided in the rear wall I8 near the lower drum. With this construction the furnace gases are compelled to followV a tortuous path from the combustion chamber 22, into contact with the tubes I2 and I4, and thence through the outlet 21.

The forwardly extended portions of the walls I9, which form the side walls of the combustion chamber 22, are lined with vertical water tubes 29. These tubes are preferably closely spaced, and their lower ends are connected to a pair of horizontal longitudinal headers 30 located on opposite sides of the combustion chamber. The rear portion of each header 30 is connected to the lower water drum Il by a row of tubes 3l, these tubes entering the drum in front of the plate I5. If fuel is to be burned in suspension in the chamber 22, the lower ends of alternate tubes 29 on each sidewall are preferably bent laterally and connected to the header 30 on the opposite side of the furnace, asshown particularly in Fig. 3, thus providing a crossed arrangement of tubes each of which slopes upwardly at a slight angle from the corresponding header. These sloping portions of :the tubes may serve to support alayer of refractory material 33 which forms a floor or bottom for the combustion chamber.V The front wall 2U is provided with a suitable burner opening 34 for the introduction of fuel and air, and with a suitable door 35 (Fig. 1) near the iloor 33 for the removal of ash therefrom.

At the top of the combustion chamber 22 the tubes 29 are bent inwardly and connected to a central longitudinal header 31 located in front of the upper drum IU and in substantial alignment therewith. Certain of the tubes are preferably arranged in crossed relationship with tubes from the other side of the combustion chamber, just beneath the header 3l, thereby protecting the header to a considerable extent from the heat of the furnace. The header 3l' is connected to the front portion of the upper drum I0 by means of a series of tubes 38, these tubes entering the header from both sides and at points distributed along the length thereof.

In case superheated steam is desired, I may provide a superheater comprising an inlet header 40 and an outlet header 4I located on opposite sides of the upper drum Ill and parallel therewith. These headers are connected by a plurality of sinuous tubes 42 which are positioned in transverse Vertical planes in the path of the hot gases, between the bailles 23 and 26. Certain of the water tubes I2 near the superheater tubes are preferably omitted in order to avoid chilling oi the superheater tubes and resultant decrease in superheat. Steam is delivered to the superheater inlet header 40 by means of tubes 43 which lead from the rear portion of the upper drum IIJ. In order to ensure delivery of substantially dry steam to the superheater, a deilector plate 45 is arranged to extend downwardly from the upper wall of the upper drum I 0 in the rear of the tubes 38, as shown in Fig. 1, and a series of baille elements 46 are provided between the baille plate I6 and the upper wall of the drum in front of the tubes 43.

The operation of the invention will now be apparent from the above disclosure. A suitable fuel, such as pulverized coal, is burned in suspension in the combustion chamber 22, and the gaseous products of combustion ow over the baille 23 into contact with the water tubes I2 and the superheater tubes 42, The gases then flow beneath the baille 26 and over the baille 24 into contact with the economizer tubes I4 and thence to the outlet 2l. Feed-water enters the upper drum I0 in the rear of the plate I6 through the nozzle I'I, and lows downwardly through certain of the tubes I4 to the drum II and thence upwardly through the remainder of the tubes I4 to the upper drum II] in front of the plate I6, being heated during its passage through the tubes. Steam is generated in the tubes I2 and 29. The tubes I 2 deliver steam directly to the upper drum IIJ, while the steam from the tubes 29 flows rst into the header 31 and thence through the tubes 38 to the drum. It will thus be seen that the steam is released in the front portion of the drum I0 and flows rearwardly through the drum past the deflectcr plate 45, which tends to deflect moisture particles downwardly, and then past the baille elements 46, which remove most of the water particles remaining in the steam. The steam then ilows through the tubes 43 to the superheater 42, and thence to a place of use.

The water level in the rear portion of the drum I0 will remain comparatively quiet because of the shielding eilect of the plate I6 and by reason of the fact that the steam is all released in the front part of the drum. This is of considerable assistance in obtaining the delivery of dry steam to the superheater. The entire apparatus is simple, inexpensive, and efficient in operation, and requires a minimum of headroom.

A Stoker can be readily installed if desired, and in that case the water cooled oor would be omitted, all the tubes 29 on each side being connected to the corresponding lower header 30.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A steam generator comprising a longitudinal steam-and-water drum, a longitudinal water drum therebeneath, substantially vertical Water tubes connecting the drums, walls providing a combustion chamber in iront of the water tubes, means to direct hot gases from the combustion chamber into contact with the Water tubes, a transverse bafIle plate mounted within the steamand-water drum in front of the upper ends of the rearmost of the water tubes, the upper edge of the baille plate being spaced from the top of the drum, a series of baille elements located within the steam-and-water drum between the upper edge of the baille plate and the top of the drum, means to supply feed water to the steam-andwater drum in the rear of the baille plate, and means to withdraw steam from the steam-andwater drum in the rear of the baille elements.

2. A steam generator comprising a longitudinal steam-and-water drum, a longitudinal water drum therebeneath, substantially Vertical water tubes connecting the drums, walls providing a combustion chamber in front of the water tubes,

means to direct hot gases from the combustion chamber into Contact with the water tubes, a longitudinal header in front of the steam-andwater drum and at the top of the combustion chamber, upright water wall tubes associated with the side Walls oi the combustion chamber and connected at their upper ends to the header, means to supply water from the water drum to the lower ends of the water wall tubes, and means to deliver steam from the header to the steamand-water drum.

3. A steam generator comprising a longitudinal steam-and-water drum, a longitudinal water drum therebeneath, substantially vertical water tubes connecting the drums, walls providing a combustion chamber in front of the water tubes, means to direct hot gases from the combustion chamber into contact with the water tubes, a longitudinal header in front of the steam-andwater drum and at the top of the combustion chamber, upright water wall tubes associated with the side walls of the combustion chamber and connected at their upper ends to the header, means to supply water from the water drum to the lower ends of the water wall tubes, and a series of tubes connecting the header with the steam-and-Water drum and entering the header at points distributed along the length thereof.

4. A steam generator comprising a longitudinal steam-and-water drum, a longitudinal water drum therebeneath, substantially vertical water tubes connecting the drums, walls providing a combustion chamber in front of the water tubes, means to direct hot gases from the combustion chamber into contact with the water tubes, a longitudinal header in front of the steam-andwater drum and at the top of the combustion chamber, upright water wall tubes associated with the side walls of the combustion chamber and connected at their upper ends to the header, certain of the water wall tubes being arranged in crossed relationship with tubes from the other side of the combustion chamber, just beneath the header, thereby protecting the header from the heat, means to supply water from the Water drum to the lower ends of the water Wall tubes, and means to deliver steam from the header to the steamandwater drum.

5. A steam generator comprising a longitudinal steam-and-water drum, a longitudinal water drum therebeneath, substantially Vertical water tubes connecting the drums, walls providing a combustion chamber in front of the water tubes, means to direct hot gases from the combustion chamber into contact with the water tubes, a longitudinal header in front of the steam-andwater drum and at the top of the combustion chamber, upright Water wall tubes associated with the side walls of the combustion chamber and connected at their upper ends to the header, means tosupply water from the Water drum to the lower ends of the water wall tubes, means to deliver steam from the header to the front portion of the steam-andwater drum, and means to withdraw steam from the rear portion of the steam-and-water drum.

6. A steam generator comprising a longitudinal steam-andwater drum, a longitudinal water drum therebeneath, substantially vertical water tubes connecting the drums, walls providing a combustion chamber in front of the water tubes, means to direct hot gases from the combustion chamber into contact with the water tubes, a longitudinal upper header in front of the steam-and-water drum and at the top of the combustion chamber, a pair of longitudinal lower headers on opposite sides of the combustion chamber, upright Water Wall tubes connecting the lower headers with the upper header and associated with the side walls of the combustion chamber, means to supply Water from the water drum to the lower headers, and means to deliver steam from the upper header to the steam-and-water drum.

'1. A steam generator comprising a longitudinal steam-and-water drum, a longitudinal water drum therebeneath, substantially vertical water tubes connecting the drums, walls providing a combustion chamber in front of the water tubes, means to direct hot gases from the combustion chamberinto contact with the water tubes, a longitudinal upper header in front of the steam-and- Water drum and at the top of the combustion chamber, a pair of longitudinal lower headers on opposite sides of the combustion chamber, upright water wall tubes connecting the lower headers with the upper header and associated with the side Walls of the combustion chamber, the lower ends of certain of the water wall tubes being bent laterally and connected to the lower header on the opposite side of the combustion chamber, means to supply water from the water drum to the lower headers, and means to deliver steam from the upper header to the steam-andwater drum.

8. A steam generator comprising a longitudinal steam-and-water drum, a longitudinal water drum therebeneath, substantially vertical water tubes connecting the drums, walls providing a combustion chamber in front of the water tubes, means to direct hot gases from the combustion chamber into contact with the water tubes, a longitudinal upper header in front of the steamand-water drum and at the top of the combustion chamber, a pair of longitudinal lower headers on opposite sides of the combustion chamber, upright water wall tubes connecting the lower headers with the upper header and associated with the side walls of the combustion chamber, the lower ends of alternate water Wall tubes on each side wall being bent laterally and connected to the lower header on the opposite side of the combustion chamber, this construction providing a. crossed arrangement of tubes each of which slopes upwardly at a slight angle from the corresponding lower header, a layer of refractory material supported by the sloping portions of the water Wall tubes to form a floor for the combustion chamber, means to supply water from the water drum to the lower headers, and means to deliver steam from the upper header to the steam-and- Water drum.

MAX H. KUHNEIR..

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