US2062724A - Permanent metallic form for concrete building structures - Google Patents

Description

A. G. OLSEN PERMANENT METALLIC FORM FOR CONCRETE BUILDING STRUCTURES Filed Feb. 20, 1935 JNVENTOR m, 52 ATTORNEY:

Patented Dec. 1, 1936 UNITED STATES PERMANENT METALLIC FORM FOR CON- CRETE BUILDING STRUCTURES Alfred G. Olsen, Elkhorn, Wis. Application February 20, 1935, serial No. 7,450

12 Claims.

The invention relates to forms for building structures largely composed of concrete or other plastic materials and relates more particularly to forms which are combined with the poured plastic material so as to constitute a permanent and integral part of the completed building structure.

A principal object of the invention is to provide a concrete form of the character described which is designed to be economically manufactured in commodity lots in a variety of shapes and sizes to be thereafter conveniently transported in bulk to the site or location of the building to be erected. l5 A further and important object is the provision of forms which are preferably constructed of die pressed sheet metal of light gauge and each adequately reenforced to constitute separate and rigid form units, said reenforcing means being also designed to resist the pressure of the freshly poured concrete as well as to interlock with and reenforce the concrete or other plastic material in the completed building structure, thereby obtaining the advantage of weight economy without sacrificing the desired strength and rigidity necessary during the erection of the building as well as after its completion.

A still further object of the LAinvention is to provide a concrete orother plastic form of the character described in which provision is made for rapidly and conveniently laying or arranging the pre-formed units in contiguous relation along regular or pre-formed rows or courses without necessitating the employment of skilled labor or specially designed machinery, the forms being placed in position and interlocked with one another by ordinary manual unskilled labor.

An additional important object of the invention is the provision of improved and simplified means for rapidly and conveniently interlocking adjacent or contiguous forms in a course prior to pouring the concrete therein, as well as interlocking in a similar manner contiguous forms in adjacent or superposed courses, whereby to maintain the forms in desired predetermined alignment as well as preserving the vertical alignment of the forms as successive courses are placed in position.

Still another object of the invention is the provision of a light gauge metallic or other form unit wherein the end, usual top and bottom walls are eliminated, the unit comprising merely rigidly spaced substantially parallel wall elements constituting primarily the inner and Outer walls of the completed building, whereby to augment and promote free and unobstructed flow and union of the freshly poured concrete between adjacent form units of a course as Well as between contiguous units in successive superposed courses. This feature constitutes a material and. 5 important desideratum in providing an integral and homogeneous concrete structure.

A further object of the invention is the provision of sheet metal forms of various sizes, configuration and thickness to constitute various portions in the Vertical extent of the wall when desired, as well as to provide integral continuous corner portions in walls meeting at an angle to l one another without any space therebetween, the invention further contemplating the use of the forms to outline and define window and door areas Wherever desired in the building to be erected through the use of such permanent form units.

A further object of the invention is to provide an integral, permanent sheet metal form unit the outer wall of which is preferably provided with means formed integrally therewith to anchor and maintain in applied position an external coating of stucco or other plastic material. The inner wall of the form unit may consist of expanded metal or foraminous or perforated metal mesh to adapt the same `to receive and securely support the usual application of plaster comprising the innermost interior wall surface of the building. j

As an additional feature the form unit is designed and is preferably manufactured to include as a component part thereof, a layer or sheet of insulating material, such as CelloteX or the like, which sheet is disposed preferably immediately adjacent the inner wall of the unit and is coextensive therewith, so as to constitute with adjacent units a substantially complete and continuous insulating sheet. It may be further desirable to provide and the present invention contemplates, an air space or a plurality thereof, between the insulating sheet and the concrete or other aggregate which is poured into the unit to promote rapid drying of the aggregataas well as economies in the use thereof. To this end an intermediate wall member or partition of sheet metal or other material may be disposed and supported on the transverse reenforcing tie members or wiresbetween the inner and outer sheets to define the inner surface of the concrete, and said intermediate wall member or the tie members or both may be provided with means integral or otherwise, or suitable deformed, wherein to maintain the intermediate Wall member in the desired spaced relation within the unit relative to the inner and outer walls thereof.

The invention is of a nature and of such economical light weight construction as to permit all of the forms which are necessary to erect and constitute a permanent part of an entire designed building structure, to be conveniently loaded into a single truck for transportation to the site of the edifice whereby they are utilized and interlocked by unskilled labor to constitute the walls n of the building, it being understood that the usual concrete sub-structure or other foundation delining the walls of the building is first laid in the usual manner. On this foundation the initial course of forms is laid and interlocked in accordance with the present invention. The units as aforesaid may be of any desired and varying dmensions; as an example they may each be two feet square and nine inches from wall to wall and constructed of die pressed sheet metal. In laying the forms the concrete may be poured after each course is placed in position, or after two or more courses are applied, the open marginal portions of the spaced rigidly united inner and outer wall members included in each form permitting unobstructed flow and intermingling of the poured concrete or aggregate between adjacent forms, so as to provide during and after setting, a homogeneous wall of concrete amply reenforced and maintained in position by the permanent metallic form units.

With such objects in View, as well as other advantages which may be incident to the use of the improvements, the invention consists in the procedure, and in the use of the parts and combinations thereof hereinafter set forth and claimed, with the understanding that the several necessary elements constituting the same may be varied in proportions and arrangement without departing from the nature and scope of the invention.

In order to make the invention more clearly understood there are shown in the accompanying drawings means for carrying the same into practical effect, without limiting the improvements, in their useful applications, to the particular constructions which, 4for the purpose of explanation, have been made the subject of illustration.

In the said drawings:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the corner portion of a partially completed and erected concrete or plastic building structure, constructed in accordance withand illustrating the nature and principles of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary detail in vertical section through one of the building walls and showing a modied form of outer sheathing.

Fig. 3 is a similar View illustrating a modified form of building unit employed in the walls.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 through the form unit but illustrating a further modified form of exterior wall covering or sheathing.

Fig. 5 is a perspective View, partly in vertical section, of one of the sheet metal block units employed in the construction of the concrete or plastic building wall members in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged horizontal section taken through the corner of a building and including portions of the side walls.Y

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view in perspective illustrating a portion of one of the corner forms employed in erecting the building.

Fig. 8 is a detail view in vertical section through the building walls at one of the oor levels of the structure.

Fig. 9 is a view in vertical section through a portion of one of the. block or form units shown in Fig. 5, but illustrating a modified construction of such a unit.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one of the clip members for holding adjacent forms of a row or course in interlocked position.

Fig, l1 is a horizontal section illustrating a modied manner of interlocking the wall forms.

Referring to the drawings, the building is illustrated as erected on the usual concrete or other foundation I which is previously laid to conform to the shape and outline of the building walls. A row or course of elongated block units 2 may be rst laid on the foundation l with their end portions abutting one another and suitably interlocking together by means and in a manner to be hereinafter described. After the first row of blocks 2 is placed in position to rest loosely on the foundation l, the space between the inner and outer walls of the block units may be filled with concrete or other plastic, or a succeeding course of blocks may be placed in position above the blocks and superposed on the bottom row of elongated block members 2. The succeeding block members are indicated at 3 and as illustrated may be substantially square in outline, for example two feet in width and height and approximately nine inches in thickness. The above dimensions are merely illustrative of a preferred and'convenient size of block member, which may be constructed of any desired thickness or size, it being understood that the thickness of the block represents substantially the entire thickness of the wall in the completed structure.'

As best seen in Figure 5 each block member or unit 3 consists primarily of an inner wall member 4 and an outer wall member 5 secured together in spaced relation by a plurality of suitably disposed metallic tie rods or relatively small diameter wire members 5. These tie rods rigidly maintain the inner and outer wall members of the block in spaced relation and the ends of the tie rods may be suitably secured as by spot welding or riveting to the wall members respectively. It will be noted that each block member 3 is freely open at its top, bottom and side edges to permit free flow of concrete or aggregate between adjacent blocks, which would not otherwise be possible were the block members of box-like configuration with enclosing walls other than the spaced side walls 4 and 5.

Each block member 3 further comprises as a component preformed part thereof an inner insulating sheet 'I of Cellotex or the like which is preferably disposed immediately adjacent the inner wall member 4 of the form, said insulating sheet being held against displacement by the tie rod elements 6 which extend through said insulating sheet. An intermediate preferably metallic sheet or partition wall 8 may in certain installations be provided and is similarly held against displacement in each unit by the tie rodsv 6 which extend through said intermediate sheet. The latter may be furred or bent outwardly at spaced intervals as at 9 to suitably space the intermediate sheet 8 from the insulating sheet 'l to provide a plurality of air spaces or channels 9 in the completed wall. The provision of the intermediate wall member 8 is not essential to the invention but may be desired in certain concrete constructions to prevent sweating of the latter as well as promoting more rapid drying and to obtain obvious economies in the amount of concrete required.

It will be understood that the insulating sheet 'I and the intermediate sheet or partition are each co-extensive in size and area with the inner and outer wall members 4 and 5 of each unit so that when a plurality of such units 3 are properly positioned in horizontal or vertical alignment, all of the described outer and intermediate wall members are in proper registration with corresponding wall members of adjacent units to constitute in effect a series of substantially parallel integral wall elements after the concrete is poured and the structure completed, as best seen in Figs. 5 and 6.

The inner wall member 4 of the block or form unit 3 is illustrated as constructed of relatively light expanded metal mesh, but the same may be constructed of suitably perforated light weight sheet metal or if desired may be of the same material and formation as the outer wall member 5, as illustrated for example in Fig. 3.

The expanded metal construction of the inner wall 4 of each form has been found convenient, practical and economical as well as capable of eifectively retaining an innermost wall surface of plaster or the like, indicated in the drawings at iii. The plaster lil is of course desirably applied after the building has been completed.-

The intermediate partition or wall member 8 may be perforated at intervals to aid in drying out the concrete shown at Ii, which concrete is poured into to completely occupy the space between said intermediate wall member 8 and the outer wall element 5 of each form unit or block. The outer wall member 5 preferably consists of light weight and gauge sheet metal, for example one-thirty-second of an inch in thickness, whichmay be die pressed as illustrated to provide outwardly extending substantially horizontal dovetail or other projections l2 and alternately disposed recesses or channels i3. construction not only reenforces the metal sheet 5 against -distortion but also serves as an efficient anchoring means for an exterior coating of plastic material or stucco indicated at I6 and which may be applied to constitute the outermost surface of the completed building wall.

The opposite ends of the inner and outer wall members 4 and 5 are each integrally flanged outwardly and thence inwardly as at l5, and the top and bottom marginal portions of each of said wall elements are flanged in a similar manner as at I6. These described flanged portions of each block or form permit the latter to be suitably and removably interlocked together as the same are arranged in a row or course prior to pouring the concrete or aggregate, as well as permitting each succeeding horizontal course of blocks to be interlocked with a previously laid course. For the purpose of interlocking each block of a course with) an adjacent horizontally dis-posed block, spring clip members i1 (Fig. l0) are provided and which extend around the flange portions l5 of such aligned blocks, said spring clip member being disposed in a substantial vertical position on the inner and outer walls as the same are built up, and as seen in Fig. 6. After each horizontal Course is laid and a succeeding course superposed thereon, the horizontal meeting ilanged portions |6 of adjacent blocks are interlocked together by means of horizontally disposed spring clip members similar to the members l1 and which This described v may be of a length substantially equal to the horizontal dimension of a form 3.

The members or forms 3a (Figs. l and 7) constituting the corner portion of the building where the walls meet at an angle, are each constructed substantially in a manner similar to the forms 3 with the exception that the same are integral and angular in horizontal section so as to be cornpletely closed at the vertical corner line it of the building. The invention further contemplates the construction of these corner forms 3a in single elongated units each of a length substantially equal to an entire story of a building (Fig. 1). in practice the corner forms 3a may be rst placed in position and secured by suitable stays (not shown) after which the initial courses of wall forms 3 are placed in position and interlocked with the corner forms in the same manner as they are interlccked with each other. For this purpose suitable spring clip members 2B are engaged with suitably disposed and aligned ange portions 2l and l5 on the corner forms 3a and blocks 3 respectively (Fig. 6). The corner forms 3a. are likewise open at their top, bottom and side edges to permit free flow of concrete between the corner and wall forms in the manner above described as contemplated by the invention.

The tie rod or wire elements 6 serve not onlyv to rigidly hold the inner and outer wall members of the form in spaced relation but also to adequately reenforce the concrete after it is set. These tie rods preferably extend perpendicularly to said wall members 3 and t in the blocks and corner forms, being spot welded or riveted at their ends thereto as previously described, and adequately prevent outward or inward bulging or distortion cf these relatively thin sheet metal walls due to pressure exerted by freshly poured concrete orV aggregate. If desired the lower course of forms 2 which are shown as elongated and of reduced depth in Fig. 1, may be placed in position on the foundation l while the latter is relatively soft and before it has set, thereby serving as an additional anchoring means of the walls to the base, and a more eicient union or bonding between the concrete l I of the latter and that poured into the forms as the latter are assembled.

The invention further contemplates constructing certain of the forms in fractional sizes as indicated at 22 in Fig. l. so as to permit the blocks of succeeding superposed courses to be staggered as illustrated, when desirable. It may further be preferable to reduce the thickness vof the forms from say 9 inches to 6 inches or less in the upper portions of the building wall or in succeeding stories.

Fig. 8 illustrates such a construction and arrangement, wherein form members of reduced thickness are disposed at a floor level indicated at 29. This provides a shouldered ledge 33 for supporting a concrete or other floor 2E) and the exterior surfaces of the superposed wall forms. are in the same plane at the outerwall or" the building, for example where the stucco Eli is applied. The presence of the floor 29 obviates the necessity for securing the inner walls l of the superposed courses of forms together at this locality by the usual clip member. The upper portion of the intermediate partition wall B of the lower form of greater depth may be bent inwardly as illustrated to provide a channel St to permit free flow of concrete between the door 29 and the wall concrete i l when the installation is made. This deformation of the wall 8 also closes the upper portion of the air space 9 adjacent the ceiling lila of the lower floor.

A further feature of the invention resides in constructing integral door and window units to be placed wherever desired in the structure as the same are encountered in building up the wall. Referring to Fig. l, a door unit is shown at 23 and is of substantially integral construction and of inverted U-shape, having side sill members 24 and an integral top sill member 25, said side and top sill members having a continuous closed inner sheet metal wall surface 3|. Similarly a U- shaped window unit 26 is illustrated, the same having vertically disposed side sill members 2l and an integrally formed top sill member 28, said sill members having a continuous closed inner sheet metal wall surface 32. It will be understood that the window and door elements or units 26 and 23 are constructed in identically the same manner as the forms 3, differing therefrom only in size and conguration. and these window and door elements may be placed in position in the wall wherever desirable. The window and door elements may also be provided with vertically and horizontally disposed hook flanges 36 similar to the ilanges l5 and IG of the forms 3, so as to enable the wall form units 3 to be interlocked, as by channel shaped clip members Ha with said window and door elements.

The provision of the intermediate partition wall in the form is not essential to the invention as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 9, nor is it necessary to construct the inner wall l of expanded metal or perforated sheet metal. It may be preferable with certain structures, as well as more economical, to omit the partition `wall and air space provided thereby and construct the inner wall of the same material and in the same manner as the outer wall 5 as shown in Fig. 3. Under such circumstances the inner and outer walls may be spaced closer together to aiord economies in the use of concrete as in the construction of garages, silos and cisterns, and the air space eliminated. It will be understood that said inner and outer wall forms need not necessarily be spaced closer together, this being merely a matter of choice. Such a construction is shown in Fig. 9 and this figure also illustrates the metallic tie rods 6a extending at an angle to one another in opposite directions. Such arrangement of the tie members may be employed as eiliciently reenforcing the spaced walls of the form as well as bracing the same against relative movement in any direction.

In Fig. 2 the outer wall of the form is illustrated as provided with nailing strips or furring 38 housed within the die pressed recesses in said wall, said nailing strips having attached thereto a suitable outer sheathing 35. If preferable an outermost sheathing or siding of clapboards or lapped shingles ffl!! may be suitably attached or secured to the sheathing 39.

In Fig. 4 a plurality of metallic tie members 4l are anchored at their inner ends within the dovetail or other corrugations in the outer Wall 5, said tie members acting as anchoring means to secure an outer veneer l2 of brick.

Instead of employing spring clip members I1 (Fig. 1G) for the purpose of interlocking the forms together, a construction such as illustrated in Fig. 1l may be employed. In said figure the flange members I5 of the forms extend outwardly only and are interlocked by means of perforations 3l which may be punched in the contacting ilange members by any suitable instrument.

It will be understood that various methods of interlocking such registering flanges I5 may be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

It will be understood that all of the forms employed in constructing the building are preferably provided as an incident to their manufacture with a coating of asphalt or other preservative paint. This renders the metal of the form impervious to rust and deterioration and results in a structure which in the completed building will last indefinitely.

The forms are constructed in bulk by suitable machinery which enables the same to be turned out in a factory economically and in large numbers.

Practically all of the material employed in the building other than the forms may be of local origin, thereby resulting in a building structure which is far more economical in its nal cost than ordinary concrete, brick or frame. The cost of the materials is greatly decreased and elimination of skilled labor greatly reduces the cost of erection.

Certain features of the invention may be employed advantageously without employing others, and the appended claims have therefore been drawn in such a way as to set forth various useful combinations, only the more specific of these claims being directed to a construction including all of the features.

What is claimed is:

1. A permanent form for concrete building securing the latter in spaced relation, and an insulating sheet arranged between said wall members and contiguous to said inner wall member, the space between said insulating sheet and said outer wall member being adapted to receive poured concrete or aggregate surrounding and adhering to said tie members and to constitute with said form a permanent building unit, the open opposite side and end edge portions of said unit permitting free flow of concrete or aggregate therethrough to unite with concrete or aggregate in an adjacent formv unit or a contiguous course of said units.

2. A permanent form for concrete building wall structures, comprising spaced inner and outer sheet metal wall members open at all edges thereof, the outer of said wall members being provided with outward projections to receive and anchor an outermost coating of stucco or the like, the inner of said wall members being composed of expanded metal, transversely disposed reenforcing tie members secured at their ends to said wall members for rigidly uniting and spacing the latter apart, an intermediate wall member disposed between said inner and outer wall members and anchored to said tie members, to provide an air space between the same and said inner wall member, the space between said intermediate Wall member and said outer wall being adapted to receive concrete or aggregate to adhere to said form and together constitute a permanent building unit, the open opposite edge portions of said unit permitting free iiow of concrete to unite with concrete in an adjacent or contiguous form unit.

3. A permanent wall form for concrete building structures, comprising spaced inner and outer sheet metal Wall members open 4at opposite side and end edges thereof, the outer of said wall members being provided with dovetail projections toreceive and anchor plastic or stucco, the inner of said wall members being composed of expanded metal, transversely disposed metallic ,concrete reenforcing tie rods secured at their opposite ends respectively to said wall members for rigidly uniting the latter and spacing the same apart, an in sulating sheet disposed adjacent said inner wall member and anchored in position by said transverse reenforcing members, an intermediate sheet metal partition wall member disposed between said inner and outer wall members and secured to said tie rods against displacement relative to said wall members, to provide an air space between said partition and said insulating sheet, the space between said intermediate partition wall and said outer wall being adapted to receive concrete or other plastic to together constitute a permanent building unit, the open opposite side and end edge portions of said unit permitting free flow of concrete therethrough to unite with concrete in an adjacent course of forms or with plastic concrete in a contiguous form unit.

4. In a Wall element for concrete building structures wherein a plurality of permanent metallic forms are arranged in superposed courses and each adapted to receive plastic concrete therein; the improvement which comprises constructing the forms of spaced inner and outer wall members and forming outwardly and reversely turned flange portions integrally with and at opposite marginal portions of said wall members, and removable clip members for interlocking the flanged wall portions of one concrete form with another to maintain the said forms of a horizontal course in alignment with one another and against relative displacement, said flange portions and clip members being further adapted to maintain adjacent forms of superposed courses in vertical alignment and against lateral displacement.

5. In a wall element for concrete building structures wherein a plurality of permanent metallic forms are arranged in superposed courses and each adapted to receive plastic concrete therein; the improvement which comprises constructing the forms of spaced inner and outer wall members open at their opposite side and end portions and having transversely extending tie members secured thereto for rigidly spacing said wall members apart, outwardly extending flange portions integrally formed at opposite marginal portions of said wall portions, and removable clip members for interlocking the said flange portions of one concrete form with the adjacent ange portions of another, to maintain the said forms of a hori- Zontal course in alignment with one another and against relative displacement, said flange portions and interlocking clip members being further adapted to maintain adjacent forms of superposed courses in vertical alignment and against lateral displacement.

6. A permanent form for concrete building structures comprising spaced inner and outer sheet metal wall members open at the opposite side and end edges thereof, said wall members being provided with outward projections to receive and anchor plastic material, and a plurality of spaced metallic reenforcing members or ties extending at angles to one another and secured at their ends to the opposing surfaces of said wall members for rigidly securing the latter in spaced relation, the space between said wall members being adapted to receive plastic material surrounding and adhering to said tie members to constitute with said form after setting a permanent building unit, the open opposite side and end edge portions of said unit permitting free flow of concrete or aggregate therethrough to unite with concrete or aggregate in an adjacent form unit or a contiguous course of said units.

7. A form for building structures comprising spaced inner and outer wall members and interposed transversely extending tie members spaced inwardly from the marginal portions of and secured at their opposite ends to said spaced wall members respectively for rigidly uniting the latter, the space between said inner and outer walls being adapted to receive plastic material to constitute with said form a permanent building unit, the open portions at the sides and ends of said unit being flanged outwardly and reversely to provide means for attachment to an adjacent form or forms and also to permit free iiow of plastic material from the confines of said form to unite with plastic material contained within one or more contiguous forms, and means on an exposed side of one said wall member for receiving and anchoring plastic material.

8. A form for building structures comprising spaced inner and outer wall members and a plurality of interposed .transversely extending reenforcing tie rods spaced inwardly from the marginal portions of and secured at their opposite ends to said spaced wall members respectively for rigidly uniting the latter, the space between said inner and outer wall members being adapted to receive plastic material to unite with and anchor to said tie rods and constitute with said form a permanent building unit, the open portions at the sides and ends of said unit being unrestricted, whereby free flow of plastic material from the confines of said form to unite with plastic material contained within one or more contiguous forms, is permitted, and means on the outer exposed side of one of said wall members for receiving and anchoring plastic material.

9. A form for building structures comprising spaced inner and outer wall members and a plurality of interposed transversely extending reenforcing tie rods spaced inwardly from the marginal portions of and secured at their opposite ends to said spaced wall members respectively for rigidly uniting the latter, the space between said inner and outer Wall members being adapted to receive plastic material to unite with and anchor to said tie rods and constitute with said form a permanent building unit, the open portions at the sides and ends of said unit being unrestricted, whereby free flow of plastic material from the confines of said form to unite with plastic material contained Within one or more contiguous forms is permitted, the sides and ends of said spaced wall members being flanged outwardly and reversely to provide means for attachment to an adjacent form or forms.

10. A form for building structures comprising spaced inner and outer wall members and transversely extending means secured at their opposite ends to said spaced wall members respectively for rigidly uniting the latter, the space between said inner and outer Wall members being adapted to receive plastic material'to unite with and anchor to said transversely extending means to constitute with said form a permanent building unit, the open portions at the sides and ends of said unit being unrestricted, whereby free ow of plastic material from the confines of said form to unite with plastic material contained within one or more contiguous forms is permitted, the sides and ends of said spaced wall members being anged outwardly and reversely to provide means for attachment to an adjacent form or forms.

11. A form for building structures comprising spaced inner and outer wall members and a plurality of interposed transversely extending reenforcing tie rods spaced inwardly from the marginal portions of and secured at their opposite ends to said spaced wall members respectively for rigidly uniting the latter, the space between said inner and outer wall members being adapted to receive plastic material to unite with and anchor to said tie rods to constitute with said form a permanent building unit, the open portions at the sides and ends of said unit being unrestricted, whereby free flow of plastic material fromv the confines of said form to unite with plastic material contained within one or more contiguous forms, ispermitted.

12. In a Wall for concrete building structures wherein a plurality of permanent metallic forms, each comprising inner and outer wall members rigidly secured together, are arranged in horizontal alignment and in superposed courses to receive plastic material therein: the improvement which comprises constructing the forms of an upper course of reduced thickness to provide wall ledges for supporting a concrete building oor, and bending the upper portions of the inner wall members of the forms constituting an immediately contiguous lower course to provide a continuous `horizontal channel providing free flow of concrete between said oor and said wall to obtain a homogeneous structure.

ALFRED G. OLSEN.

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