US2055144A - Drill - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 22, 1936. w. G. CHRISTIAN DRILL Filed June 28, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 l/A/// Z m P a III|% Sept. 22, 1936- w. G. CHRISTIAN DRILL Filed June 28, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Sept. 22, 193

UNITED STATES PATENTFOFFICE This invention relates to a drill.

An object of the invention is to provide a drill of the character described, specially designed for the purpose of deep well drilling and having novel means for supplying the drilling fluid to the drill cutters for carrying away the cuttings and for 1preventing the accumulation thereof on the cuters.

Another object of the invention is to providev a drill of the character described having an axial channel therethrough for conduct of the drilling fluid to the cutters with a nozzle therein for increasing the pressure of the drilling fluid adjacent the point of discharge whereby the drillduct of the drilling fluid and which will permit the required volume of drilling fluid to flow therethrough and a novel type of nozzle in the 2 drill at the lower end of said channel so shaped drilling fluid may be discharged on the forward faces of the cutters, said nozzle openings being restricted to increase the velocity of the drilling fluid as it is discharged in front of the cutters with the result that said cutters will be cleansed of the accumulation of cuttings that would otherwise adhere thereto.'

A still .further object of the invention is to provide a drill of the character described having an enlarged axial bore to provide for the flow of an ample volume of drilling fluid therethrough, said drill having oppositely curved cutters on the lower end thereof and being provided with a nozzle at the lower end of the bore, shaped to discharge the drilling fluid over the forward faces of the cutters at high velocity.

A still further feature of the invention resides in the provision of a drill of the type described having cutters at the lower end thereof and being provided with an axial bore for the conduct of a drilling fluid to said cutter, said drill having a nozzle at the lower end of the bore through which the drilling fluid is delivered to the cutters at high velocity, said nozzle being removable for repairs or replacements.

With the above and other objects in view, the

invention has particular relation to certain novel features of construction, operation and arrange- 55 merit of parts, an example of which is given in as to provide reduced outlets through which the r this specification and Iillustratedin the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 shows a side view of the drill. Figure 2 shows an edge view partly in section. Figure 3 shows a cross sectional view taken on 5 the line 3--3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 shows a cross sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 1. a

Figure 5 shows a bottom end view of the nozzle. Figure 6 shows a longltudinal'sectional view taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 5.

Figure '7 shows a longitudinal sectional view taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 6.

Figure 8 shows aside elevation of the drill showing a slightly modifled form of the nozzle.

Figure 9 shows a cross sectional view taken on the line 9-9 of Figure 8.

Figure 10 shows an edge view of a modified form of the drill. i r

Figure 11 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the type of nozzle illustrated in Figures 8 and 10, and Figures 12 and 13 show other types of nozzle that may be employed. p

In the drawings the numeral I designates the drill head which is approximately cylindrical in form'and which has the tapering externally threaded pin 2 to receive the drill collar by means of which the drill is connected to the drill stem or other driving member.

Beneath the head the drill is widened and re- 80 duced in thickness forming the body 3. This I body is preferably approximately elliptical in cross sectional contour as shown in Figure 4. The lower end of the body is preferably slightly widened and again reduced in thickness forming the oppositely arranged shoulders ,4, 4 and beneath said shoulders the blade 5 approximate- 7 1y rectangular in cross sectional contour. At its lower end this blade is divided and formed with the oppositely curved cutters 6, 6. .It is to be 40 here noted that any suitable type of cutters may be employed, the particular type shown being for illustrative purposes.

The axial bore 1 for the drilling fluid is extended down any desired distance beneath the body 3 into the blade 5 and when so extended will cut away the material of the blade so as to leave an opening 8 entirely through said blade. Leading from this opening on opposite sides of the blade are the channels 9, 9 whose upper ends are widened and which taperdownwardly in a diagonal direction on the forward faces of the respective blades and gradually taper out. The upper ends of the channels 9 are of substantially the same width as the diagonal diameter of the opening 8 as shown in Figure 1. These channels discharge the drilling fluid over the forward faces of the respective blades, and may be of any other selected contour.

Within the lower end of the bore I there is a tubular nozzle In which is fitted closely within the bore and whose upper end is flared. The lower end of this nozzle has the transverse web ll whose upper end is preferably tapered to an edge. This nozzle is formed of any suitable wear resisting material which will not be readily cut out by the grit in the drilling fluid. n opposite sides of the web II are the nozzle openings l2, l2. These openings are restricted and are tapered downwardly as shown in Figure 7, and are directed diagonally into substantial alignment with the corresponding channels 9. The enlarged bore 1 provides ample capacity for the volume of the drilling fluid and when said fluid reaches the nozzle Ill and particularly the nozzle openings l2 the passageways therefor being restricted, the velocity will be increased correspondingly and the drilling fluid will be discharged along the channel 9 and over the forward faces of the cutters 6 at a very high velocity thus keeping said faces swept clean of the accumulation of the cuttings that would otherwise collect thereon. The nozzle l0 may be welded or brazed in placed at the lower end of the body 3 so that said nozzle will be maintained in fixed position during drilling operation. In case the nozzle becomes wom so that it will not produce the desired result the welds may be broken by striking the lower end of .the nozzle with a hammer or other similar instrument in any suitable manner and removed and a new one substituted for it.

It will be noted that the channels 9 increase in depth upwardly so that the material of the blade beneath the opening is formed into an upwardly directed edge l4 and the lower end of the nozzle I 8 is formed with a groove i 5 to receive said edge so that in installing the nozzle in place the openings l2 will assume the desired positions relative to the channels 9.

In Figure 8 there is a modified form of nozzle I0 shown and the channels 9' are gradually tapered outwardly and are of such contour that they will present the side faces'ila and 9b approximately at right angles to each other with the side face 9a extending approximately vertically. The upper ends of these channels are of a width substantially equal to the diag-' onal diameter of the openingil through the blade 5. The faces 9b, 9b on opposite sides of the blade converge upwardly and terminate in a sharp edge l4 extending diagonally across the opening 8'.

The lower end of the nozzle i0 rests on this edge H and the drilling fluid passing downwardly through the nozzle I0 is divided by the upwardly converging faces 9?) and directed into the corresponding channels 9' and thence over the forwardly converging cutters 6.

The passageway for fluid through-the nozzle I0 is contracted downwardly and the lower end of said passageway has restricted nozzle openings, the restriction being formed by an inside annular rib IS. The drilling fluid flowing under pressure and being restricted at the discharge end of the nozzle will be discharged with increased velocity and will pass down along the channels 9' and over the forward faces of the cutters at high velocity, thus keeping said faces' free from the accumulation of cuttings.

The nozzle I 0' may be removed for replacement in a manner hereinabove explained.

In some instances other types of nozzles, such as Illa or lilb may be employed and which are also removable.

The drawings and description disclose what is now considered to be preferred forms of the invention, by way of illustration only, while the broad principle of the invention will be defined by the appended claims.

What I claim is:

'1. A drill comprising a body having a longitudinal bore forming a channel for drilling fluid, a blade on the lower end of the body terminating in oppositely curved cutters, said blade having a channel on each side, said channels diverging toward the cutters, a tubular nozzle in the lower end of the bore above the blades there being restricted outlets for the drilling fluid arranged to direct the fluid into the blade channels.

2. A drill comprising a body having a longitudinal bore, a blade at the lower end of the body having oppositely directed cutters, a tubular nozzle in the bore, the drill having, separate, restricted, outlets for the drilling fluid leading from the nozzle, said blade having surface channels leading from the restricted outlets and through which the drilling fluid may be conducted to the forward faces of the cutters.

WALTON G. CHRISTIAN.

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