US2054786A - Method and apparatus for preparing artificial materials - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for preparing artificial materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2054786A US2054786A US669103A US66910333A US2054786A US 2054786 A US2054786 A US 2054786A US 669103 A US669103 A US 669103A US 66910333 A US66910333 A US 66910333A US 2054786 A US2054786 A US 2054786A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- threads
- swollen
- roller
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
- D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
- D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
Definitions
- this invention relates to a method before mentioned, whereby only the filaments on 5 and apparatus for producing materials of the the exterior of the material were united or glued type mentioned under such conditions that no together. This was secured bypassing a band or undue stretch will be imparted thereto. bundle of filaments or threads at a relatively high Prior to the instant invention various procspeed in contact with'a solvent or swelling agent 10 esses had been devised and used for the manufacin such a manner that'the latter could not pene- 10 ture of artificial straws, tapes, bands, ribbons, trate and cause the filaments on the interior to horsehair and the like from filaments or threads adhere together.
- Such a process was advanformed of a cellulose derivative, such as, for extageous because due to the high speed of operample, cellulose acetate.
- a plurality of filaments or threads was terial could be secured.
- this rendered plastic or swollen by means of a solvent process was carried out in an apparatus, such as or swelling agent of the material constituting the that briefly hereinbefore described, the disadvanthread, and the filaments or threads united into tages of such apparatus were present.
- the shape of. the desired final product by being A thorough study of the phenomenon involved glued together, either completely or partially.
- plastic conveying cured by regulating the speed of the conveying of the assembled component elements under condithe thread and the speed of the receiving device tions wherein no undue tension is applied, where- 55 by the product; has no undue stretch imparted thereto.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a method of making materials of the class mentioned which comprises applying a solvent or swelling agent to a plurality of artificial threads or filaments and conveying said threads or filaments from'said applying means for a distance or interval of time insufiicient for the.
- An additional object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out the abovementioned method which comprises means to apply a solvent or swelling agent to a plurality of artificial threads or filaments formed of a cellulose derivative, means .to draw said filaments or threads from the source of supply through the applying means and away therefrom for a distance or time insuificient to permit the solvent or swelling agent to act on said threads or filaments, and means to convey the assembled filaments or threads after they have been swollen or rendered plastic under no undue tension, whereby no substantial stretch is imparted thereto.
- a further object of this invention is to provide an apparatus. as set forth in the preceding paragraph wherein the drawing mechanism constitutes a channeled roller which, in addition to effecting the functions already mentioned, also serves to assemble the plurality of threads or filaments into the shape desired.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 designate diagrammatically several different forms of apparatus which may be employed in accordance with the principles of this invention.
- Figure 3 illustrates in section a modified form of an applying means.
- a plurality of artificial threads or filaments is drawn from a suitable source of supply and treated with a modifying agent, such as a solvent or swelling agent of the material constituting the threads or filaments.
- the drawing means is disposed in .a zone relative to said applying mechanism and conveys the filaments or threads moistened with the modifying agent for a distance or period of time which is insufficient for the modifying agent torender the filaments or threads swollen or plastic.
- the filaments or threads After the filaments or threads have become swollen, plastic or adherent, they are conveyed under such conditionsas do not impose any undue tension thereon, whereby the stretch is reduced to a minimum. While the filaments and threads are thus conveyed, they are caused to unite and, after the solvent'has been substantially eliminated, the material is wound on to a suitable collection device.
- the drawing or conveying mechanism may be composed of one or two rollers, one or both of which may be provided in the peripheral surface thereof with a channel or groove having the form and shape of the desired material.
- the rollers may be provided with a narrow V- or U-shaped channel or opening or a groove of'substantially rectangular shape correspending to the width and/or thickness of the product to be obtained.
- rollers constitute the means for conveying the materials from the source of supply and through the applying mechanism, they are positively driven.
- rollers are disposed intermediate the applying mechanism and winding roller. They are positioned at such a distance from the applying mechanism that, inthe course of operation, the threads or filaments conveyed from the applying mechanism are merely moistened with the solvent or swelling agent and which has not yet rendered the materials plastic.
- the optimum position of the conveying or drawing elements in any system must be chosen in accordance with the nature of the filaments, solvents or swelling agents used, and the speed of operation in such a way that the softening or gluing takes place substantially after the moistened materials leave this element. In such an arrangement the moistened material does not adhere to the drawing roller.
- the modifying agent i. e'. solvent or softener
- the modifying agent may be applied by spraying or immersing the filaments or threads in any suitable immersion apparatus or by passing them over rollers, rods, wicks or other devices moistened with the desired substance.
- any suitable'material may be used which does not immediately, upon application thereof to the threads or filaments, swell or soften the same.
- a composition comprising 90% of acetone and 10% of ethyl alcohol has given satisfactory results with, for example, cellulose acetate materials.
- the reference numerals I, 2, 3 and 4 designate a plurality of flanged bobbins or spools containing the filaments or threads T to be united into the desired product.
- a suitable braking mechanism (not shown) may be used in conjunction with these bobbins in order to govern the tension of the thread withdrawn therefrom.
- the artificial threads or filaments T are withdrawn from the bobbins LA by means of the roller 5 which is positively driven in any suitable manner. After withdrawing the filaments or threads T from the spools and bobbins li, they are passed to a suitable guide 6 and thence to the solvent-applying mechanism 1.
- the guide 6 may serve to bundle the threads" or filaments T together and, together with the roller .5, are so positioned. relative to the applying mechanism I that the threads or filaments are caused to contact with the applying element.
- the applying mechanism 1 constitutes a roller 8, with or without a suitable cover, rotating in a receptacle 8 containing the desired material.
- the applying element 8 may be positively driven, the direction of rotation being the same or opposite to the direction of movement of the materials, or it may be loosely mounted and rotated by movement of the thread T thereover.
- the roller 5 is disposed at such a distance from the applying mechanism '1 that in the course of operation the threads T contacting therewith are merely moistened with the material and have not yet been softened, plasticized or swollen.
- the roller 5 is provided with an annular groove 8 of the shape and size desired in the final product, and thus it serves to bring the moistened threads into the desired 'shape.
- the assembled materials become swollen and plastic and they 7 are united in the form given them by the groove 9.
- the solvents are then eliminatedin any suitable manner as, for example, by a suitable passage in air or through a heated tube (not shown).
- the material is wound on to the bobbin l which in the form shown is frictionally driven by the element II.
- peripheral speed of the bobbin l0 and the drawing device are so regulated that the thread passing therebetween is subjected to no undue tension, with the result that the material wound on'the bobbin is not stretched to any undue deof'course, understood that in accordance with the-principles of this invention, both of these rollers are so disposed relative to the applying mechanism that the materials contacting therewithare merely moistened with the solvent or swelling agent and have not yet become swollen, plasticized or softened.
- the reference numerals l2, l3, l4 and I5 designate spools of the material T and constitute a source of supply for this apparatus. From the source of supply, the threads T are withdrawn by the positively driven rollers I6 and I1 and caused to 'pass over a guide l8 and thence across the solconstituent materials, after leaving the roller H,
- rollers l6 and I! are positively driven at the same peripheral speed or at speeds slightly different from one another.
- rollers in Figure 2 are shown as one above the other. This is not necessary or essential for the successful practice of this invention.
- the rollers may be disposed and positioned in the same horizontal plane or otherwise as desired.
- FIG. 3 there is illustrated another form of solvent-applying mechanism. It comprises a pervious and preferably'absorbent material 24 supplied with the solvent by means of capillary action through a wick 25 suspended in a vessel 26 in which the liquid is maintained at a constant level by mechanism well known in the art.
- a freely mounted roller 21 in a bearing 28 serves to maintain the threads or filaments in contact with the applying mechanism.
- Example I 300 denier, 48 filaments, 150 twist acetate thread wound on a bobbin isunwound therefrom at a linear speed of 250 m. per minute. It is moistened by means of any coating or wetting apparatus with a mixture com- .posed of 90% acetone and ethyl alcohol.
- a conveying device composed of a roller with a narrow'and not very deep groove is placed at a distance of from 10 cm. to 1 m. from the coat- In this region the filaments are are subsequently'to have in thehorsehair.
- the horsehair On leaving the roller, the horsehair traverses a certain distance, either in the free air or in a pipe, whereby solvent recovery is facilitated, and
- The'conveying apparatus which may be placed at a distance of to 50 cm. fro-m the coating device, is composed of two parallel cylinders over which the band is wound successively, each of these cylinders or only the second having the groove of a practically rectangular cross-section, of 5.5 mm. width and /2 mm. depth. After these 'two rollers, the lam thus formed passes through the free air until it is practically dry and is then 'wound on a reel revolving at such a speed that there is the least possible tension between this drum and the conveying rollers. This gives a very regular lam of 4 mm. thickness which has not been stretched.
- a method of making artificial horsehair, straws, tapes, bands, ribbons and the like which comprises applying a modifying agent to a plurality of artificial filaments formed of a cellulose derivative, conveying the filaments moistened with the modifying agent for a time insufficient to permit the modifying agent to soften or swell said filaments, uniting said filaments, and conveying the filaments, after the modifying agent acted thereon and while said filaments are in the swollen and plastic state, under such conditions that substantially no stretch is imparted thereto.
- a method of making artificial horsehair, straws, tapes, bands, ribbons and the like which comprises applying a modifying agent to a plurality cf artificial filaments formed of a cellulose derivative, conveying the filaments moistened with the modifying agent for a time insufiicient to permit the modifying agent'to soften or swell said filaments, arranging said filaments in the desired shape prior to the softening or swelling thereof, uniting said filaments after they have been swollen or rendered plastic, conveying the filaments, after the modifying agent acted thereon and while said filaments are in the swollen and 'plastic state, under such conditions that substantially no stretch is imparted thereto, and winding the united filaments under conditions whereby substantially no stretch is imparted ,thereto. ,25
- An apparatus for making artificial horsehair, straws, tapes, bands, ribbons and the like comprising means to apply a solvent or swelling agent to a plurality of artificial filaments or threads formed of a cellulose derivative, a positively driven roller having a channel in its peripheral surface through which the treated filaments or threads pass, said roller being disposed at such a distance from the applying means that it will convey the treated filaments or threads before they have become plastic or swollen, and means cooperating with said roller to convey the threads or filaments, after they have become plastic or swollen and while said filaments are in the swollen and plastic state, under conditions imposing no undue tension on said threads or filaments.
- An apparatus for making artificial horsehair, straws, tapes, bands, ribbons and the like comprising means to apply a solvent or swelling agent. to a plurality of artificial filaments or threads formed of a cellulose derivative, a positively driven roller having a channel in its peripheral surface through which the treated filaments or threads pass, said roller being disposed at such a distance from the applying means that it will convey the treated filaments or threads before they have become plastic or swollen, said roller also serving to convey said filaments or threads from a source of supply and through the applying means, and means cooperating with said roller to convey the threads or filaments, after they have become plastic or swollen and while said filaments are in the swollen and plastic state, under conditions imposing no undue tension on said threads or, filaments.
- An apparatus for making artificial horsehair, straws, tapes, bands, ribbons and the like comprising means to apply a solvent or swelling agent to a plurality of artificial filaments or threads formed of a cellulose derivative, a positively driven roller having a channel in its peripheral surface through which the treated filaments or threads pass, said roller being disposed at such a distance from the applying means that it will convey the treated filaments or threads before they have become plastic or swollen, means cooperating with said roller to convey the threads or filaments, after they have become plastic or swollen and while said filaments are in the swollen-and plastic state, under conditions imposing no undue tension on said threads or filaments, and means to wind the united filaments without stretching the same.
- Anapparatus for 'making artificial horsehair, straws, tapes, bands, ribbons and the like comprising means to apply a solvent or swelling agent to a plurality of artificial filaments or threads formed of a cellulose derivative, a posi tively driven roller having a channel in its peripheral surface through which the treated filaments or threadspass, said roller being disposed at such a distance from the applying means that it will convey the treated filaments or threads before they have become plastic or swollen, said roller also serving to convey said filaments or threads from a source of supply and through the applying means, means cooperating with said roller to convey the threads or filaments, after they have become plastic or swollen and while said filaments are in the swollen and plastic state, under conditions imposing no undue tension on said threads or filaments, and means to wind the united filaments without stretching the same.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR751828T | 1932-06-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2054786A true US2054786A (en) | 1936-09-22 |
Family
ID=9156372
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US669103A Expired - Lifetime US2054786A (en) | 1932-06-03 | 1933-05-03 | Method and apparatus for preparing artificial materials |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2054786A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR751828A (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2885257A (en) * | 1951-04-18 | 1959-05-05 | Filament drawing mechanism | |
| US2998176A (en) * | 1957-05-23 | 1961-08-29 | American Viscose Corp | Stuffing machine take-off mechanism |
| US3279904A (en) * | 1965-03-24 | 1966-10-18 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for producing a wound textile package having uniform tension |
-
1932
- 1932-06-03 FR FR751828D patent/FR751828A/fr not_active Expired
-
1933
- 1933-05-03 US US669103A patent/US2054786A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2885257A (en) * | 1951-04-18 | 1959-05-05 | Filament drawing mechanism | |
| US2998176A (en) * | 1957-05-23 | 1961-08-29 | American Viscose Corp | Stuffing machine take-off mechanism |
| US3279904A (en) * | 1965-03-24 | 1966-10-18 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for producing a wound textile package having uniform tension |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR751828A (fr) | 1933-09-11 |
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