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US2054452A - Electron discharge device - Google Patents

Electron discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2054452A
US2054452A US732991A US73299134A US2054452A US 2054452 A US2054452 A US 2054452A US 732991 A US732991 A US 732991A US 73299134 A US73299134 A US 73299134A US 2054452 A US2054452 A US 2054452A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
grid
cathode
anode
electrode
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US732991A
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English (en)
Inventor
Steimel Karl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefunken AG
Original Assignee
Telefunken AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefunken AG filed Critical Telefunken AG
Priority to US27490A priority Critical patent/US2056872A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2054452A publication Critical patent/US2054452A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
    • H03D7/06—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes
    • H03D7/10—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes the signals to be mixed being applied between different pairs of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
    • H01J21/20—Tubes with more than one discharge path; Multiple tubes, e.g. double diode, triode-hexode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/003—Tubes with plural electrode systems

Definitions

  • My invention relates to an electron discharge tube of the multi-grid type and having a plurality of discharge paths extending from the cathode, each discharge path being at least partially controlled by a common control electrode.
  • the problem is to combine two different oscillations; that is, the oscillations produced by a distant signal received by the antenna and usually amplified in a preceding stage, and the local oscillations produced in the receiver proper for providing the heterodyne action, so that the resulting intermediate frequency oscillations are modulated in the same manner as the distant signal.
  • This action is usually accomplished in a so-called mixer tube used in various well known circuits.
  • it has been previously proposed toprovide the function of the local oscillator (heterodyne) and that of the mixer stage within a single tube. This is usually accomplished by using a tube containing several grid electrodes between a cathode and an anode.
  • the modulated distant signal may be impressed.
  • the local heterodyne oscillation is produced, and the latter together with the received signal results in the desired intermediate frequency oscillations which appear in the anode circuit. It is important to generate the local oscillations independently of control by the input or signal voltage.
  • a screen grid is placed between the control grid and the electrodes serving for the production of the local oscillations. In this .way a tube having six electrodes (hexode) is obtained, which has positioned in the discharge path between the cathode and anode four electrodes thru which current passes.
  • still another screen grid (suppressor grid) could be placed in front of the anode, and some other sequence of the electrodes connected tothe input circuit and those serving for the production of local oscillations could be arranged.
  • Multi-grid tubes have been provided in which all electrodes are in the same discharge path, or in which the discharge paths are entirely separated except for a common cathode.
  • Such tubes are not adapted to successfully perform the functions outlined above. It has also been suggested, to place around a single cathode two electrode systems adjacent each other, and to conductingly connect, or to constructively join one of the electrodes or several of the electrodes in the different systems.
  • the present invention differentiates over the arrangement described in that the two discharge paths are not placed side by side, but extend in different directions, preferably displaced to each other.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an electron discharge device embodying my invention.
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic showing of a circuit embodying the tube shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic transverse crosssection taken thru a tube made in accordance with my invention and showing the electrode arrangement.
  • Figures 4 and 5 are schematic transverse cross sections of modifications of the tube shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 6 is a diagrammatic showing of a circuit embodying a still further modification of the tubes shown in the preceding figures.
  • the tube is provided with a glass bulb or envelope i containing an electron emitting cathode 2, which may be directly or indirectly heated.
  • the cathode is enclosed by. a 7
  • the grid like electrode 3 preferably of cylindrical shape.
  • the other electrodes are positioned in different current paths.
  • the auxiliary anode 4 is placed on one side of the cathode and grid 3 and on the other side is placed the screen grid 5,
  • control electrode 6 a second screen grid l and the main anode 8. 7
  • the input circuit comprising the inductance L and condenser C fed from the antenna A or from a proceeding stage, is connected between the cathode 2 and the control grid 6, which ishegatively biased by means of the battery Eg.
  • the control grid bias may be made variable and to depend upon the input amplitude in any well known
  • the grid 5 is designed to have a variable mu or amplification factor.
  • the two screen grids 5 and i may be operated at the same positive bias.
  • the mu meant is that with referenceto the electrode directly following the respective grid half, thus in the one case, to the mu between .electrodesj3 to 4, and in the other case between electrodes 3 to 5;
  • the requirement of a different mu is especially easy to accomplish if the grid 3 is composed of two halves which are 'conductingly connected to each other, since in this case the current penetration (determined by the width of the mesh or the pitch of the grid) as well as the distance from the cathode can be made of different magnitude.
  • Figure 3 shows a transverse cross section of the electrode system constructed in accordance with my'invention.
  • the cathode 2 preferably indirectly heated, and enclosed by a concentric cylindrical grid 3.
  • the grid surface In order to bring the grid surface as close as possible to the cathode surface, it is shaped. as shown and is secured to the supporting rods H by means of two ribs or fins 40.
  • the production of a homogeneous field is made possible in the proximity of the cathode-
  • the ribs or fins i8 which act as shields, improve the decoupling ofthe two discharge paths by their shielding action.
  • auxiliary anode 4 having the shape of a hater curved plate, is placed at oneside of the control grid.
  • the electrode 3 is followed by the first screen grid 5, the control grid 6, the second screen grid 1 andthe main anode 8.
  • These electrodes are formed for example, as plane surfaces parallel to each otherr;
  • the two screen grids 5 and 1 1 can have the same potential applied to them, they can be structurally combined, and may for -example have the shape of a box-formed of a metal mesh, and be mounted on two longitudinaltrode system is shown in Figure 4.
  • the electrode 7 i system mounted within the glass envelope con the supporting wires.
  • the control grid 22 has the shape of a box of rectangular cross section, formed of two halves having a different width of the mesh. The same box shape is also used for the double screen grid 23 whose surface is twice passed by the discharge current.
  • the second control grid 24, as well as the anode 25, has a U-shaped cross section, which promotes the formation of a homogeneous field and permits the electrodes to be mounted in the center plane of the electrode system.
  • the auxiliary electrode 26 is shaped as a flat plate.
  • the modification shown in Figure 5 shows the electrode system provided with a. suppressor grid.
  • the added suppressor grid 21 performs several functions.
  • a negative potential with respect to the anode 25, preferably the cathode potential, is applied to the suppressor grid. Because of this, the suppressor grid prevents secondary electrons from the anode from reaching the preceding screen grid 23.
  • the mu of the control grid 22 with respect to the anode 25 is increased and therefore the anode reaction is decreased, i. e. the plate impedance is increased.
  • the suppressor grid furthermore permits the application to the screen grid 23 of the same direct voltage as that applied to the anode 25, while heretofore a lower voltage was usually impressed upon the screen grid, this voltage ordinarily being obtained from a voltage divider.
  • the suppressor grid is likewise formed into a box shape and surrounds the auxiliary electrode 26, thus including the discharge path between the cathode and the auxiliary anode. Consequently a favorable screening towards the outside is produced, so that the discharge is no longer influenced by disturbing exterior fields.
  • a further embodiment of a tube coming within the scope of the present invention is schematically represented in the circuit diagram of Figure 6.
  • identical reference characters have been used here for the elements conforming with those in Figure 2.
  • the novel feature in the tube is in that the two halves 3', 3" of the innermost grid 3 are not conductingly connected to each other, but capacitively by means of a condenser K.
  • the condenser is suitably mounted in the interior of the tube or in the socket, and each grid half is provided with an insulated lead.
  • This measure appears to be expedi-
  • the flat cathent where the two halves 3', 3" altho having the same alternating voltage applied to the two halves, have different direct voltages applied to them. This case occurs when'the innermost grid 3* is intended to be used for volume control.
  • An electron discharge tube having a thermionic cathode, a grid electrode surrounding said cathode and provided with oppositely extending longitudinal fins, a plurality of grids and an anode positioned on one side of said cathode for providing a main discharge path between said cathode and said anode, an auxiliary anode placed on the opposite side of said cathode from the main anode to provide a second discharge path between said cathode and said auxiliary anode, the fins on said grid shielding the two discharge paths from each other.
  • An electron discharge tube having a thermionic cathode, a grid electrode surrounding said cathode, a main anode positioned on one side of said cathode, a control electrode between said main anode and said cathode, and a box-shaped electrode surrounding only said control electrode and permitting the passage of current between said cathode and said main anode, an auxiliary anode placed on the opposite side of said cathode from said main anode to provide a discharge path between said cathode and said auxiliary anode.
  • An electron discharge tube having a thermionic cathode, a grid electrode surrounding said cathode, a main anode positioned on one side of said cathode, a control electrode between said main anode and said cathode, and a box-shaped electrode surrounding said control electrode, and an auxiliary anode placed on the opposite side of said cathode from said main anode, and a suppressor grid placed between said main anode and the other electrodes in said discharge tube and surrounding all of the other electrodes in said tube.
  • An electron discharge tube having a thermionic cathode, a grid electrode surrounding said cathode, a main anode positioned on one side of said cathode, a control grid electrode between said main anode and. said cathode, and a box-shaped grid electrode surrounding said control electrode, and permitting the passage of electrons from said cathode to the main;-anode, an auxiliary anode: .-:-placed on the opposite side of said cathode from said main; anode, and a suppressor grid placed between :saidprincipalanode and the iother-e1ec- -trodes in said discharge tube and surroundingall of the other electrodes in: said tube,- one of the :w.
  • Anelectron discharge tube having a-thermionic cathode, a grid electrode surrounding said i thermionic cathode, a main anode positioned on one side of-rsaidthermionic cathode, a control electrode positioned between said cathode and said main anode, :a screen-electrodesurrounding said control electrode; an auxiliary electrodeiposl- 'tioned on the other side ofqsaid ica-thodei'romisaid main electrode whereby oppositely. extending dis- 'charge paths-"are provided between-.fsaid cathode and-the anodes, and a. suppressor :grid: positioned inthe tubeand surrounding all of :the otherselectrodes within said tube.
  • cathode, y a main anodes-positioned"onionezside of V said, cathode, a control :electrodei"betweencsaid main anode and said cathode; anaauxiliary-anode placed on the oppositerside' oflsaidscathoderfromi said main anode wherebytworoppositely:disposed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
US732991A 1933-07-05 1934-06-29 Electron discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2054452A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US27490A US2056872A (en) 1933-07-06 1935-06-20 Electron discharge device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2054452X 1933-07-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2054452A true US2054452A (en) 1936-09-15

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ID=7982803

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US732991A Expired - Lifetime US2054452A (en) 1933-07-05 1934-06-29 Electron discharge device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2054452A (fr)
BE (1) BE433089A (fr)
FR (1) FR774849A (fr)
NL (1) NL40657C (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2457947A (en) * 1942-12-21 1949-01-04 Albert G Thomas High-frequency oscillation tube

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2457947A (en) * 1942-12-21 1949-01-04 Albert G Thomas High-frequency oscillation tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL40657C (fr)
FR774849A (fr) 1934-12-14
BE433089A (fr)

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