US2051286A - Water cooled brake for draw works - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 18, 1936. B. BOYKIN, JR

WATER COOLED BRAKE FOR DRAW WORKS 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 23, 1933 Aug. 18, 1936. B. BOYKIN, JR 2,051,286

WATER COOLED BRAKE FOR DRAW WORKS Filed June 23, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 1936. a. BOYKIN, JR

WATER COOLED BRAKE FOR DRAW WORKS 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 25, 1935 mm v.0

A g- 8, 1936. B. BOYKIN, JR 2,051,286

WATER COOLED BRAKE FOR DRAW WORKS Filed June 23, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Aug. 18, 1936 UNITED S'IYATES PATENT OFFICE 1 Claim.

drums employed particularly on the draw works of well drilling rigs. The invention is applicable generally to drums of this type.

It is an object of the invention to provide a brake to be employed with hoisting drums which is so constructed as to obtain the most efficient cooling of the braking surface during operation.

It is another object to provide a brake which is easily operated and regulated during the operation of the reel with which it is used.

I desire to provide a disc type of friction brake which can be operated without experiencing the common difficulties encountered with the usual brake drum. I desire to eliminate, so far as possible, the heavy starting and stopping inertia which is experienced with the common type of brake.

I further desire to take the shock of application of the brake from the operating lever so that danger resulting from the impact of the load upon the drum may be removed from the operating control handled by the driller.

It is a further object to provide a braking device which may be spaced from the end of the hoisting drum so that more room may be obtained for a full sized drum.

In the drawings herewith Fig. 1 is a front view partly in elevation and partly in transverse section illustrating a hoisting drum with one embodiment of my brake applied thereto.

' Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the drum shown in' Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an end view of a hoisting drum with a slightly different embodiment of the invention used therewith.

Fig. 4 is a broken view in longitudinal section of one form of'my water-cooled brake mounted upon the drum shaft.

Fig. 5 is a front elevation of a still different embodiment of the invention. 7

It is to be understood that my invention may be app-lied generally to hoisting drums of large and small capacity. It may be used with draw works connected with well drilling rigs of the two or three jackpost type. In Figs. 1 and 2 I have shown a draw works such as is employed with the two jackpcst. type, the jackposts being shown at 1. Upon these jackposts are mounted a line shaft 2 and a drum shaft 3. With reference particularly to Fig. 2, there is a jackshaft 4 mounted upon bearings 5 secured upon the inclined post 6, said inclined post being secured at its lower end to the sill I and at its upper end to the jackpost I.

The line shaft 2 has thereon a cat-head 9 at My invention relates to brakes used on hoisting each end thereof. Between the posts are mounted the high speed gear 10, the actuatinggear II, the low speed gear l2, and the additional actuating gear l3, arid it is to be understood that the line shaft 2 may be rotated through either of the .5 sprocket wheels H or 13, depending upon the speed of rotation of the shaft 2 which is desired.

The drum shaft 3 is operated through a high speed gear It or .the low speed gear I5 from the line shaft in the usual manner. Mounted upon 10 the drum shaft between the posts I is the reel or drum l6. Said reel has no brake drum at the end in the usual manner, the brake being set at the ends of the shaft as will be presently described. There is, therefore, between the two 15 jackposts space upon which I contemplate mounting a drum l6 which is longer than usual and of large outer diameter. Said drum is mounted upon the shaft in the usual manner and will be rotated at various speeds depending upon the particular 20 arrangement of the sprocket wheels through which the drum may be driven. It is to be understood that the sprocket wheels and 15 are adapted to be clutched into engagement with the shaft by clutches H and [8, respectively.

While it is desirable in some instances to employ a brake at only one end of the drum, I. contemplate the use of two brake members, one at each end of the drum shaft.

In Fig. 1 I have shown two brake members of 30 approximately identical construction, one on each end of the shaft. Each of these brake members comprises a disc l9 fixed to the shaft and rotatable therewith. Said disc has. adjacent the outer margin thereof brake plates 20, one on each side 35 of the disc made up of annular strips of brake lining secured to the sides of the disc as will be understood from the drawings.

On opposite sides of the disc are the circular plates 21 which have hubs 22 thereon mounted slidably upon the shaft 3. They are held nonrotatable relative to the shaft by means of a link 23 as shown in Fig. 2. said link being extended downwardly and secured to a bracket 24 mounted upon the sill 25. Each of these plates has adjacent the outer margin thereof, a water cooled friction member 24. With reference particularly to Fig. 1 it will be seen that these two friction members have an inner face 25 adjacent the brake lining upon the disc anda chamber 26 spacing the friction wall from the main body of the plate. The chamber 26 is an annular closed chamber adapted to allow the circulation of cooling liquid therethrough. For this purpose, a pipe 21 is secured through the wall of the plate 2| and screwed within the outer wall' of the chamber 25. A similar pipe 21a is secured to the lower portion of the chamber 25 so that liquid may be circulated into one side of the circulating chamber and out the other side so as to keep the friction surface 25 constantly cooled through the circulation of the liquid.

It is to be noted that the friction member 24 is annular in. shape and secured detachably to the plate 2| by bolts 25. This allows the friction member to be replaced when wear occurs.

The two plates 2| which support the friction members are movable toward and away from the disc I! by any desirable means, and I have shown the, two plates as being connected at intervals around their'outer margins by through-bolts 3|]. There are coiled springs 3| on each of these bolts I bearing at their ends upon the plates 2| and tend ing to hold them resiliently apart. Beyond the outer plate 2| the bolts 30 are extended and have thereon a pair of sleeves32 and 33, the adjacent surfaces of which are cam-shaped as shown at 34, so that when the outer sleeve 35 is rotated relative 'to the sleeve 32 which is integral with plate 2|, the

plates will be forced toward each other so as to The outer sleeve 33 is rotated by means of a crank arm 35 thereon secured by means of a link 35 to a crank arm 31 mounted on a collar 35 rotatable upon the drum shaft 3.

As will be seen from Fig. 2, the collar 35 has four crank arms 31 thereon, so that the rotation of the collar 35 will move all of said crank arms and through the links 35 the brake operating means will be'actuated.

The collar 35 is rotatable on the shaft to apply or release the brakes by means of an arm 45 extending radially outward from the collar and connected by means of a link 4| with the crank arm 42 upon the brake shaft 43. It is to be understood that the brake shaft may be rotated to apply the brakes by any preferred means such as a pedal 01'', if desired, by hand lever not shown.

Upon the brake shaft is a crank arm 44 connected across beneath the drum to a similar crank arm 45 upon the shaft 45 by means of a link 41.

It is to be understood that the shaft 45 extends to the rear of the drum across to the other end to transmit rotation to the brake at the opposite end of the brake drum, so that the two brakes may be operated simultaneously. This is the usual procedure, and need not be further described. I

Between the brake and the adjacent jackpost at one end of the drum shaft, is an idler sprocket 45 to accommodate the drive chain between the jackshaft 4 and the drilling rotary, not shown. This feature forms no part of the present invention.

In the operation of my drum the brake may be easily applied, and as the brake members are at the ends of the shaft they take up very little space and do not interfere with the space occupied bythe brake drum. For that reason, the

reel may be materially longer than usual, and will accommodate a large amount of cable without the winding of one layer of cable upon another. In this way I am enabled to prevent wear or injury to the cable much more effectively than could be done when the hoisting drum is shortened so as to provide for brake drums at either end thereof. The brake is further capable of cooling in a most effective manner so that heat generated by the friction of the drum will be easily dissipated.

Another advantage lies in the lightness of the It will also be noted that the application of the brake may be smooth and even, so that there will be no jerking or kicking of the brake relative to the means by which the brakes are applied. The operator will not, therefore, be liable to injury from the slipping of the brake lever during the operation of the device.

A feature of particular advantage connected with the device lies in the positive and smooth control by which the operator can handle the hoisting device. It is much easier on the operator than is the usual type of brake drum.

In Figs. 3 and 4-1 have shown a type of modiflcation of my brake adapted for use on lighter forms of hoisting drums. In this case there is upon the disc 55 a friction member 5| upon one side only of the disc. This friction member is shown as being made up of a plurality of layers of brake lining arranged approximately as seen in the modification previously described. The

friction member cooperating with the disc 50 is mounted upon the'plate 52, said plate havingan annular channel 53 thereon adjacent the outer margin, said channel being closed on the side tolink 55 secured to the plate at 51.

. The friction disc is moved toward the friction,

plate 54 by means of acam-shaped clutch including a collar 55 and ajcoopierating collar 59 adjacent thereto, the .two' collars having a diagonally arranged cam surface cooperating with the other collar as shown at 55. The collar 59 is held from rotation on theshaft 3gby'means of an arm 5| connected at 52 to the stationary frame member 52. 'li'he collar 55 is rotated by means of an arm 53 thereon connected at its outer end to a link 54 which is in turn connectedat 55 to a link 55 held at its opposite end pivotally to the arm 5| by the pivot pin 51. The two links 54 and 55 form a toggle lever which is operated by a rod 55 to move the collar 55 to apply the brake in an obvious manner.

To facilitate the operation of the clutch which applies the brake, I have shown anti-friction bearing members 59 and 15 at each side of the cooperating collars 55 and 59.

The operation of this device is quite similar to that of the device previously described. The brake may be applied when desired by moving the disc 55 against the friction member which acts as a snubber to resist the rotation of the drum shaft. It is possible to exert a light or heavy pressure on the brake as desired, depending upon the load which is being handled and on the speed of operation thereof. The device is capable of easy and accurate operation which is is advisable to employ the usual brake drum and 75 to use the disc brake as a snubber in connection therewith so that the usual brake drum will operate more smoothly and efiectively. In Fig. 5, I have shown an installation wherein this combination is employed. This is what is ordinarily called the three jackpost installation. I have the two jackposts I, as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, and in addition thereto is a third jackpost I which serves to support one end of the line shaft 2'. The drum shaft is shown at 3. It is mounted in bearings upon the two jackposts as in the previous embodiment and is adapted to be rotated by a sprocket chain connection with the line shaft in the usual manner, this arrangement for rotation being no part of the present invention.

Mounted upon the shaft is a hoisting drum i 6. This drum has at each end thereof a brake drum 12, which is also of ordinary construction. There is upon the brake drum a brake band 13, which is anchored at one end, as shown at 14, and the other end thereof is connected at 15 to an operating shaft 16. Said shaft 16 is supported for rotative movement in bearings 11 and has thereon a lever arm 18 within the control of the operator. It is to be understood that the brake bands may be applied to the drums by the movement of the brake lever 18 in the usual manner. The difiiculty with brakes of this character has been that they will seize and operate with a jerking motion and are extremely hard to control by the operator. I have found, however, that when the disc brake, which I have herein shown, is employed upon the end of the'shaft, as in Fig. 5,

it may be operated in combination with the old type of brake and the jerky movement of the band upon the drum may be avoided. I, there fore, contemplate the operation of the disc type of brake as a snubber in connection with the old type of brake and am thus enabled to control the smooth operation of the draw works with much less work to the operator handling the brakes. Thus, when the load is being lowered into the well the brake band may be tightened upon the drum sufficiently to allow the load to drop at an even rate and the application simultaneously of the disc brake will not only increase the ease of control but will prevent the seizing of the brake bands upon the drum as is common where no additional assistance is provided in the handling of the load. I, therefore, consider it an important arrangement whereby the two types of brakes may be used, one to supplement the other in simultaneously controlling the loads which are encountered in well drilling operations.

Having described my invention, what I claim is:

In a draw works installation for well drilling operations, a plurality of jackposts, a drum shaft journaled for rotation thereon, a hoisting drum on said shaft, a brake drum at each end of said hoisting drum, brake bands thereon and means to operate said brake bands, in combination with a snubbing device mounted adjacent the end of said shaft, including a disc on said shaft and water cooled friction rings adapted to be moved into contact with said disc.

BURWELL BOYKIN, J R.

Images