US2031379A - Carburetor - Google Patents

Description

F 18,1936. E. MATHIEU- GARBURETOR Filed Dec. 15, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet l fui/enfer Alaizuzq y im E. MATHIEU CARBURETOR Filed Dec. 15, 1932 Feb. 1s, 1936.

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E. MATHIEU 2,031,379

CARBURETOR Filed Dec. 15, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 l' a 13"v 14 l i 1g.

f A i 15 Feb. 1s, 193e E, MATHEU 2,031,379

CARBURE TO R Filed Dec. l5, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 77 27; l C2 X Y@ l l? .1 2

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I Patented Feb. 18, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application December 15, 1932, serial No. 647.496 In France December 15, 1931 14 claims. (o1. 261-79) This invention relates to an apparatus comprislng a carburetor for supplying a gaseous mixture comprising atomized or vaporized fuel in a. darbureted state to internal combustion engines or like motors or other apparatus adapted to utilize the same.

I-Iitherto suggestions have been made to feed motors with such gaseous mixture by causing a stream of air under pressure exceeding atmospheric to carry along the said gaseous mixture and to utilize subsequently the rich mixture under pressure consisting of air and of vaporized fuel to carburet a quantity of supplementary air set in movement by the low pressure created by the suction of the motor.

Owing to the possibility of variation of the numerous physical factors which combine to form the final mixture such as variations of the primary emulsion or mixture variations of Visco-sity and of temperature and the like the primary mixture is seldom of constant composition. There is the further diillculty of supplying this variable primary mixture or emulsion in correct quantities relatively. to the weight of supplementary air, the supply of which latter is normally obtained by the suction of the motor which in itself is a variable and sometimes discontinuous factor.

One object of the invention is to provide an improved device for producing a vapourized fluid mixture from mineral or vegetable liquid fuels suitable for feeding engines such as internal combustion engines hereinafter termed motors and also equally applicable to feeding burners and the like. Another object is to provide a device for producing the above mentioned vapourized fluid mixture.

A further object is to provide a device for producing a carbureted fuel mixture of constant composition which is independent of changes of viscosity temperature and the like. A still further object of the invention' resides in a device for supplying the atomized fuel, emulsion or mixture in correct quantities according to the working conditions of the motor relative to the amount of supplementary air supplied thereto.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the subsequent description taken in conjunction with the appended drawings. v

The invention will be more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings given by way of example and in Which:- ,1554 Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line I-I of Fig. 2 of an apparatus in accordance withthe invention.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. F Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3-3 of 5 is. l.

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the improved pump of the above apparatus. Y 10 Fig. 6 is a plan view thereof.

Fig. 7 is a section on a larger scale of an atomizer. 1 Fig. 8 is a partial section of a modified atomizer.

Fig. 9 is a vertical longitudinal section of a modified apparatus.

Fig. 10 is a horizontal section on the line Ill-I 0 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a longitudinal vertical section on the 20 line I I-II of Fig. 12 of a further modication.

Fig. 12 is a partial section on the line I2-I2 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 13 is a horizontal section on the line I3-'-I 3 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 shows diagrammatlcally the arrange- `ment of two apparatus arranged in compound.

Referring to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1-4 the apparatus includes essentially an upper metal member l in the form of a cap beneath which a hollow body '4 for example of general cylindrical form is fixed by a screw 2, engaging in a central boss 3 of the member I.

The member I is bored throughout to form a conduit 5 open at both ends. The end 6 is open to the atmosphere whilst the end l communicates with the apparatus utilizing the gaseous mixture which the apparatus is adapted to produce such as with an explosion motor for example. The comburent or combustion supporter 40 (air entering at 6) and the gaseous mixture admitted into the conduit 5 as will be indicated hereinafter circulate in this passage in the direction of the arrow f' (Figs. 1 and 4). v

A butterfly valve 8 controlling the gas flow and 45 actuated by a lever 9 is located in this conduit 5.

Upstream from this valve 8 is yarranged a nozzle Ill, in front of which an annular cavity II (Figs. 1 and 4) is provided in the conduit 5. This cavity Il opens into the conduit 5 around '50 its entire periphery by an annular slot I2 the size of which (and in consequence the section of the passage) is regulatable by the distance of the edges I3 and I4 of the nozzle I0 and of a sleeve I5 screwed into the conduit 5. A lever or 55 other member I6 allows the actuation remote if desired, of the regulating sleeve I5.

The cavity II communicates by an elbowed passage I5 with the central portion of an upper compartment I1 provided in the cylindrical body 3 by a bell cover I8 fixed on the boss 3 so in the upper compartment I1, the passage or pipe I6 opens in the zone where the atomized fuel has the greatest iineness.

The upper end of the passage I8 (Fig. 4) is open to the atmosphere and may be throttled in any suitable manner, for instance by means of a valve I6l` pivoted on the axes I8b for the inlet or auxiliary air.

A second communication is established between the conduit 5 and the compartment I1 downstream of the valve 8 by the passages I9, 20 and 2l, the cross sections of which are regulated by pointed screws 22 and 23 (Fig. 4). The intermediate passage 28 can communicate with the atmosphere by a fourth passage 24 which can be blocked wholly or in part by a screw 25, and with the conduit 5 by a passage 28 located upstream of the passage 2| to the right of the seat of the valve 8 when said valve completely blocks the conduit 5.

The upper compartment l1 of the body 4 has the form of an annulus, the more or less circular radial section of which is determined by the shape of the bottom of the cover I, of the boss 3 and of the bell I8. 'I'his compartment I1 communicates with the compartment 21 provided at the base of the body.4 by means of an annular passage 28 provided between the wall of the body 4 and a cylindrical extension 23 of the bell I8, that is to say, in the zone in which the largest particles of the atomized fuel remain and so, these largest particles of the atomized fuel are withdrawn from the said compartment I1 through the said annular passage 28.

Into this container I1 for example tangentially open one or more conduits 38 forming inlets for air or suitable uid at atmospheric pressure or otherwise and an (or several) atomizing arrangement for fuel under pressure.

The atomizing device fed by fuel under pressure is preferably directed and turned in the atomizing container in such a manner that the direction of the jet and the projection with strong force of the atomized fuel set up and maintain a rapid and continuous circular movement which produces centrifugal forces on the atomized fuel.

To facilitate the starting, the slowing down and the utilization of the motor in its different working conditions with the different fuels that it is desired to use, it is necessary to obtain correct atomization of the fuel particularly with small deliveries corresponding to the minimum working conditions, but it must equally satisfy the maximum working conditions corresponding to high deliveries of fuel (one of the characteristics of the invention being actually to atomlze in a continuous manner an excess quantity of fuel) and also to guard against the difllculties emanating from variations of viscosity oi' certain fuels. The atomizer is constructed in accordance with the invention so as to function according to a mixed or semi automatic system. It can be compared with what may be termed an open atomizer that is to say having permanent openings for the projection of the fuel which diminish the resistance to projection with small loads and with a so called closed or automatic atomizer for all fuel delivery exceeding the mini- 'I'he conical head 32 is forced by va. spring 33 suitably calibrated and regulatable by the knob 34 (Fig. 2) on a conical seat 35 formed on the body 35 of the atomizer.

In the case where the valve is opened by movement towards the interior of the atomizer to ensure automatically the operation with the atomizer closed, the movable member is extended to form a piston 31 displaceable in a cylindrical bore 38 provided i n the body 36 of the atomizer, and an axial passage 39 provided in the movable member and issuing at the head establishes the balance of the pressure whilst .allowing leakages of fuel to pass between the piston 31 of the movable member and the cylinder 38.

On the conical part of the movable head 32 or on the conical seat 35 of the body 36 or on both elements there are formed oblique grooves 40 (Figs. '7 and 8) forming minimum opening passages when the two conical surfaces 32 and 35 contact under the action of the return spring 33.

The movable member 3l (Fig. 7) of the atomizer may include a centering collar immediately in front of the head, this collar also has oblique passages 40' the gyratory action of which on the fuel being dependent on the delivery is added to the action of the oblique grooves 4I) of the head when the annular passage is open.

An open chamber 4i is provided at the outlet of the fuel after its projection through the permanent or annular openings. The wall of this chamber 4I is preferably a prolongation of the seat 35 of the annular opening. The outlet wall of this chamber 4I is thus located slightly inclined relatively to the oblique direction of discharge of the centrifugal fuel in such a way as to force the fuel to form a lm like layer, to be spread out and equalized in depth against the wall of the chamber before its release which is effected by a sharp edge terminating the wall of the chamber 4I.

The said open chamber 4I can, it will be understood, have an interior wall cylindrical or conical, divergent or convergent.

In the lower compartment 21 is located a float 42 guided by the rod 2. Said oat 42 submitted to the action of the fuel contained, for the reason hereinafter mentioned in the compartment 21, controls by a lever 43 (Fig. 1) pivoting about an axis 44, a rod 45 arranged in a housing 45 held by a threaded plug 41 in the base of the body 4.

Rod 45 carries two valves 48 and 43 which allow the closing of apertures 50 and 5I forming communication respectively between a passage 52 and 0n the one hand the compartment 21 of the body 4 and on the other hand a socket 53 connected to a supply channel for the fuel contained in a reservoir.

The arrangement of the valves 48 and 43 on the rod 45 is such that when the aperture 50 is fully open, the aperture 5I is completely blocked or vice versa, the intermediate differential opening of one and of the other of the apertures aosasvo 50 and 5| depending on the level of the liquid in the compartment 2l. When the upper surface of the liquid exceeds a predetermined level, the float 42 is lifted, partially opens the aperture 50 and partly blocks the aperture 5I allowing the excess liquid in the compartment 21 to flow out towards the passage 52.

The passage 52 forms the admission conduit of a submerged pump having gears 54 and 55 the discharge conduit of which is arranged at 56 (Fig. 3). This pump is driven in any suitable manner for example by the motor which the arrangement is intended to feed. The drive is effected by the shaft 51 and a carrier or clutch 58 (Fig. 3). l

It is to be noted that possible leakages around the shaft of the pump l are recovered in the container 21 and that no stuffing box is provided on the pump, the stuiiing box 59 shown being adapted to ensure only the tightness of the negligible charge of fuel contained in the compartment 2l.

It is also pointed out that the entire arrangement is improved by the heat delivered by the operation of the membersof the pump and the losses of energy put into play and that the fuel arising from the liquefied excess is immediately returned by the pump.

The pump itself is improved according to the invention for ensuring at high speeds of rotation a better product volumetrically and mechanically in spite of the viscosity of ycertain fuels and also to avoid in the interior of the pump members a useless emulsifying stirring up of fuel. To this end it includes (Figs. 5 and 6) gears 54 and 55 of which the flanks of the teeth at the side where the drive is not effected are partly hollowed out as at 60 along the length in order to form in this way easy passages for the liquid placed under pressure at the base of the teeth and causing the same to be added to the delivery.

The operation of the device is as follows:-

The pump 54, 55, sucking in the fuel either from outside of the device or from the compartment 21 delivers the fuel under pressure through the passage 56 into the space 62 of the atomizer.

The oblique direction of the grooves 40 4of the atomizer gives a helical gyratory movement to the fuel passing through said passages which are formed of suiiicient cross section to ensure that excess output which has been predetermined for the lowest requirement of the apparatus to be fed. The fuel delivered is at the same time strongly rolled or whirled which increases its speed and its dynamic force.

As soon as the quantity delivered or the viscosity of the fuel discharged appreciably increases and the fixed apertures formed by the grooves 4D become insufiicient, the movable head 32 forming the valve is automatically lifted or opened thus forming automatically a passage of annular cross section supplementary to the permanent openings. Substantial resistances to flow are thus avoided aswell as the increasing pressures which would result therefrom.

It is to be noted that the fuel passing through this supplementary annular section being in momovement, and brought to a high speed of gyratory projection, the fuel discharged at a high pressure and of which the section of the pro- Jected film is inuenced by the forms of these sections,- is directed into the small open chamber 4| arranged at the end of the atomizer and the internal circular wall of which is formed as already mentioned of a length and at an angle adapted to confine, centrifuge and spread as a film along said wall the rotating fuel, before releasing it at a sharp edge into the interior of the container.

This small chamber 4| thus controls the direction and above all the thickness of the film of fuel before its actual release and thus allows of a more homogeneous and perfect atomization.

The atomized fuel is thus admitted tangentially and with a great speed into the container Il which produces a separation of the molecules into circular zones according to their weight. 'I'his results -in localizing inthe circular zone nearest the axis of the container the atomized portion which is least dense and most nely divided and on the contrary by the same centrifugal action, in throwing out against the wall of the container having the largest diameter the excess formed of small Vdrops of larger volume and considered unsuitable for the desired mixture.

During normal running of the motor, the throttle valve 8 being open, the passage I6 communicating with the most suitable that is the central, atomizing zone of the container I1 allows the.withdrawal from said container I1 of the quantity and quality of atomized fuel necessary for feeding the motor and the immediate mixing thereof with the supplementary air entering the conduit 5 and 6. The proportions of air and atomized fuel are controlled by means of the sleeve i5 which allows the total section of the annular passage l2 to be varied.

During the slow running of the motor or at starting the throttle valve 8 being closed, the atomized fuel reaches the conduit 5 by the channels l9, 2D, 2|, regulation of the quantity of fuel being eifected by the screwed spindles 22 and 23. The carbureting air passes through the passage 24 controlled by the threaded spindle 25.

The mixture thus obtained feeds not only the slow running device but also the aperture 26 which opening at the edge of-the valve 8 is at this moment preferably completely closed, the valve covering it in the closed position..

The aperture 26 is of a shape and of an area adapted to provide progressively at the moment of opening of the valve 8 a mixture ensuring efflcient change over from. one set of conditions to another.

The control members and particularly those regulating the admission (valve 8) can obviously be arranged upstream, or downstream as shown, of the diffusing and mixing members.

Obviously instead of effecting mixture with the carbureting air in the conduit 5, the fuel in atomized state or in a rich emulsion can be led to another part of the passages of admission an even to the cylinders of the motor or to the pump or compressor of the motor if the latter comprises a machine of the Diesel type with gaseous feed.

In the example shown and above described the replacement of the gaseous fluid (atmospheric air for example) in the container I1 is effected by the conduits 30.

The atomized fuel reaching the container Il in excess relatively to the maximum quantity which is to be removed for utilization, the atmosphere existing in the container I1 is very quickly saturated. 'I'he excess of atomized fuel is thus liquefied by bringing together the atomized particles, this bringing together being assisted by the action of centrifugal force. The liquid particles are thus thrown against the outer wall of the container I1, they run down along said wall and pass through the annular space 28 located around the bell I8 into the lower compartment 21 whence the liquid fuel is returned bythe pump 54, 55 as indicated above.

The modification shown in Figs. 9 and 10 differs from the preceding example in that the admission conduit 5 is vertical and coaxial with' the member 4 which is provided with a preheating jacket 63 adapted to contain a suitable warm iiuid. In this example the pump delivery of the fuel to the atomizer is separate from the arrangement and has not been shown: the excess fuel leaves the compartment 2 by the lower socket 64.

In the further modification shown in Figs. 1l-13, the apertures effecting the special mixture necessary for slow running and for the change from slow running to normal running and viceversa described in the preceding examples are also adapted to be utilizedin conjunction with an enclosed mixer.

The special shapes of the apertures provided for the control of the gas can also quite well be provided for the passage of carbureting air and even applied with necessary modifications to simultaneous control of the gas and air.

Figs. 11-13 illustrate one embodiment of this control. According to this example a movable sleeve or casing 65 can be displaced simultaneously by rotation and by longitudinal displacement in a housing 66 itself located in a cylindrical bore 61 of the cover I of the member 4.

One of the movements of the casing 65, that of rotation for example, is controlled remotely by the foot or in other ways by a leve!` 68 which causes a notched disc 69 to turn, the notches being in engagement with longitudinal ribs 10 on the casing 65.`

The other movement of the casing, that of displacement for example, is controlled automatically in the direction of the arrow f2 by the low pressure of'. suction acting in opposition to a suitable spring 1I and the atmospheric pressure acting on a face 12 of the casing 65. 'Ihe action of atmospheric pressure can be decreased or nullied by remote control, for example by a pneumatic connection 13 submitted to the action of the operator or to a member regulating the speed of the motor or of the vehicle employed either alone or in combination and acting for example through the intermediary of a pin 14 (Fig. 13).

The casing 65 and thehousing 66 are provided with suitable apertures forming by their respective relative positions sections of a passage causing the interior ofthe casing 65 to communicate one with the atmosphere through the perforated cover 15 and the other with the container I1 through an annular opening 16 (Fig. 12), a cross wall w61* arranged on the cover I forms around the housing 66 two separate spaces or chambers 61h, 61c one of which 61h is in communication through the annular opening 16 with the upper chamber I1 of. the container I1 and the other 61c through the perforated cover 15 with the atmosphere.

In the illustrated example for compensating and nullii'ying the transverse action of the fluids on the casing, two sets of orifices diametrically opposed 11, 18, and 11a, 16a, are provided for controlling the air and two sets o1' orifices 19, 6l and 19a, 60a, also diametrically opposed for controlling the gaseous fuel.

The apertures of the casing and of the housing which together form the passage for the fluids are constructed and arranged in such a way that for all the relative positions on rotation or on displacement of the casing and of the housing there is obtained a relation of. the total sections of the passage of the atomized fuel and of the carbureting air corresponding to the desired mixture.

In the housing 66, four apertures (two serving for the air 11, 11a, and two for the gas 19, 19a) are provided all of the same dimensions.

In the movable casing 65 on the contrary only the two apertures 18 and 18a, controlling the air have the same dimensions as those of 11 or 11a of the housing 66. 'I'he two apertures 80 and 80a controlling the gaseous fuel have a form giving a passage having an area more reduced than that of the apertures of the air passages 18 and 18a, without, however, this reduced section ceasing to be under the influence of the smallest displacements on rotation or on displacement ofv the casing.

A simple construction would be obtained by a series of regular perforations formed in the casing 65 on the whole extent of the surface of the casing which covers over the corresponding apertures 19, or 19a of the housing 66, in such a way as to obtain the relation between the sections of the apertures 18 and 80 or 19a and 80a corresponding to the optimum mixture of air and of atomized fuel to be obtained. But the investigation of the most economical results and the loss of charge resulting from numerous perforations to reduce proportionately the suction of the passage from one of the adjacent surfaces makes the illustrated solution to be preferred.

As illustrated each of the two apertures 8U and a of the casing 65 control-.ing the atomized fuel is formed by windows extending substantially in a diagonal direction the dimensions of the ends of these windows a, b, and c, d for example (Fig. 11) being chosen according to the desired richness for the final mixture of air and atomized fuel at the commencement at all the points of travel or at the end of. the rotary travel or of the longitudinal travel of the casing 65.

Fig. 11 shows the approximate form that will be suitable for the openings 8II and 80a of the sleeve 65 controlling the atomized fuel in order to obtain a suitable enrichment of the mixture at the moment of the reduction of the area of the passage.

Obviously all kinds of other combinations can be effected. For example one could have for normal running an economical mixture and obtain by a movement either of rotation or of displacement of the casing 65 a momentary enrichment of the final mixture to operate in the working conditions giving the optimum power.

It is evident that the number of the sets of apertures is not limited to two and that a greater number can be provided.

Itis also clear that the casing arrangement can be combined with the usual control arrangements for slow running and for changing from slow running to full power conditions.

'I'he regulating and control arrangement above described allows the following results to be btained:

`1. The modification of the iin'al mixture formed of atomized fuel and of air by enrichment which is a function of the working conditions required by the motor by the feature of variation of the relation of the openings for air and atomized fuel obtained by the movement of the casing.

2. 'I'he modification of the final mixture by enrichment with full gas giving the best power conditions.

3. The modication of the admission of the final mixture by automatic enrichment according to the low pressure of the motor obtained by the displacement of the casing under the action of the low pressure of the motor acting in opposition to the spring 1| and to the atmospheric pressure or vto all other pressure acting on the face 12 of the casing 65.

In the example of Figs. 11-13 which has Just been described the atomizing chamber l1 and the withdrawal apertures 16 are separated by a layer 90 of so-called "active charcoal through which the atomized fuel must be divided before passing through the withdrawal apertures 16.

The active charcoal is adapted to give to the atomized product the qualities chiefly oi' ne division and stability.

There could also be arranged in the container I'I to increase this effect any 'arrangement (metal or other gauze not shown) causing for certain fuels the elimination of gas or air bubbles which might be formed on operation of the pump.

Several containers each treating a different fuel and iitted with control arrangements specially regulated for this fuel can be coupled in parallel or in series.

There can thus be used simultaneously different fuels mineral and vegetable, the previous mixture of which presents solution ldifliculties and faults of instability. There can also be used fuels in different states of atomizaticn or vapourization, or moreover in a discontinuous manner, together or separate, for example one for full power and the other for slow running of a motor and even to utilize the difference of their vapour tension and to employ for example the resultant vapour of one to form -the gaseous vehicle for replacement and transport of another atomized fuel without air and of which the vapour tension would be insuiiicient.

Fig. 14 represents diagrammatically the coupling in parallel or series of two arrangements according to the invention adapted to provide the diiusion atmosphere above mentioned or to combine by a special mixer different atomizations, the preliminary liquid mixture of which would have been deficient in stability. In such an arrangement, two or more apparatuses indicated in their entirety by the reference character"A each provided with the bell cover I8 subdividing the same in the upper compartment I1 and lower compartment 2l intercommunicating through the annular passageway 28 defined by the circular extension or flange 29 of said bell cover I8, and otherwise constructed as hereinbefore described, are associated together. For this purpose, the conduit 5 is extended from one apparatus into and through the other as shown at C, a suitable valve V being interposed in said conduit at a point between the apparatuses. The upper compartments I1 of the apparatuses are placed in communication by means of a pipe P, whereas an inlet pipe I opens in said upper compartment of each apparatus. A discharge D is positioned comprising for example an operation under pressure above atmospheric as would be the case with an aviation compressor motor, the control members, the air inlets and the like should be formed according to the known technique of this art, and also for downward feeding of a motor, the order of the control members for slow running, interconnection and the like should be arranged in the opposite direction.

What I claim is:- l

1. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuels for use in internal combustion engines or motors, comprising in combination a container holding a gaseous fluid, a screen dividing said container into upper and lower chambers and having a peripheral aperture causing inter-communication between said chambers, an atomizer having a discharge aperture opening into said upper chamber, a pump feeding liquid fuel under pressure continuouslyto said atomizer, a regulator housing having separate spaces communicating with said upper chamber and with the atmosphere, a passage in said housing communicating with the engine intake and having apertures in its walls causing communication between said passage and each of said spaces, a sleeve mounted for rotary movement in said passage and for longitudinal displacement and having apertures in its walls corresponding to the apertures in said passage walls said sleeve being submitted to the suction action of said engine intake, a spring controlling the longitudinal displacement of said sleeve against said suction action and means to control the relative angular positions of said sleeve and said passage.

2. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuels for use in internal combustion engines or motors, comprising in combination a container holding a gaseous uid, a screen dividing said container into upper and lower chambers and having a peripheral aperture causing inter-communication between said chambers, an atomizer having a discharge aperture opening into said upper chamber, a pump feeding liquid fuel under pressure continuously to said atomizer, a regulator housing having separate spaces communicating with said upper chamber and with the atmosphere, a passage in said housing cornmunicating with the engine intake and having apertures in its walls causing communication between said passage and each of said spaces, a sleeve mounted for rotary movement in said passage and for longitudinal displacement and having apertures in its walls corresponding to the apertures in said passage walls, said sleeve being submitted to 'the suction action of said engine intake, a spring controlling the longitudinal displacement of said sleeve against said suction action, means to control the relative angular positions of said sleeve and said passage, said sleeve having an end face submitted to atmospheric pressure to vary its longitudinal position and pneumatic means to vary the atmosphere pressure on said face.

3. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuels for use in internal combustion engines or motors, comprising in combination a container holding a gaseous fluid, a screen dividing said container into upper and lower chambers and having a peripheral aperture causing intercommunication between said chambers, an atomizer having a discharge aperture opening into said upper chamber, a. pump feeding liquid fuel under pressure continuously to said atomizer, a regulator housing having separate spaces communicating with said upper chamber and with the atmosphere, a passage in said housing communicating with the engine intake and having apertures in its walls causing communication between said passage and each of said spaces, a sleeve mounted for' 'rotary movement in said passage and for longitudinal displacement. and having apertures in its walls corresponding to the apertures in said passage walls, said sleeve being submitted to the suction action of said engine intake, a spring controlling the longitudinal displacement of said sleeve against said suction action, means to control the relative angular positions of said sleeve and said passage, said sleeve having an end face submitted to atmospheric pressure to vary its longitudinal position and means to control the atmospheric pressure on said face responsive to variations in speed of said engine.

4. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuels for use in internal combustion engines or motors, comprising in combination a container holding a gaseous fluid, a screen dividing said container into upper and lower chambers and having a peripheral aperture causing inter-communication between said chambers, an atomizer having a discharge aperture opening into said upper chamber, a pump feeding liquid fuel under pressure continuously to said atomizer, a delivery conduit connecting said upper chamber to the engine intake, a layer of active carbon in said supply chamber between the discharge aperture of said atomizer and said delivery conduit, means to introduce supplementary air into said delivery conduit and means to vary the proportions of supplementary air and atomized fuel passing through said delivery conduit.

5. In a device for producing combustible mixtures by the atomization of at least one liquid fuel in a quantity in excess of the maximum requirement, the combination of an atomizing container, a. bell shaped screen located in said container arranged so as to leave between the cylindrical wall of said bell and the inner face of said container a free annular space, said container having a collecting chamber below said annular space for collecting excess fuel, a oat within said chamber, at least one atomizer discharging tangentially into said container above said screen, a pump delivering fuel under pressure into said atomizer, a conduit connecting said excess fuel chamber with said pump, a valve controlling the flow of liquid from said chamber into said conduit actuated by said float, and means to withdraw atomized fuel from said container at a zone displaced radially inward of said free annular space.

6. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuel for use in motors, burners and analogous fuel consuming apparatus including in combination a container the cross section of which is circular, the said container holding a gaseous fluid, at least one atomizer the axis of which is substantially arranged tangentially to the internal periphery of the said container, permanent passages arranged in the said atomizer for discharging the fuel into the said container, means for giving around the axis of said atomizer, a helical gyratory movement to the fuel so discharged into the said container, said fuell thereby having simultaneously a helical gyratory movement around the axis of the atomizer and a gyratory movement around the axis of the container, means to admit the gaseous fluid into the container, means to withdraw from said container the mixture containing the gaseous fluid and the atomized fuel located within the desired zone of flneness and means to withdraw the remaining atomized fuel from said container at another zone thereof.

7. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuel for use in motors, burners and analogous fuel consuming apparatus including in combinaiton a container the cross section of which is circular, the said container holding a gaseous fluid, at least one atomizer the axis of which is substantially arranged tangentially to the internal periphery of the said container, a nozzle, a conical valve head located in said nozzle, a seat for the said valve, helical grooves arranged on the said conical valve head and forming permanent passages in the said atomizer for setting the fuel in gyratory movement around the axis of the said atomizer and discharging the said fuel into the said container, said fuel thereby having simultaneously a helical gyratory movement around the axis of the atomizer and a gyratory movement around the axis of the container, means to admit the gaseous fluid into the container, means to withdraw from said con tainer the mixture containing the gaseous fluid and the atomized fuel located within the desired zone of ilneness and means to withdraw the remaining atomized fuel from said container at another zone thereof.

8. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuel for use in motors, burners and analogous fuel consuming apparatus including in combination a container the cross section of which is circular, the said container holding a gaseous fluid, at least one atomizer the axis of which is substantially arranged tangentially to the internal periphery of the said container, a nozzle, a conical valve head located in said nozzle, a seat for the said valve, helical grooves arranged on the said conical valve head and forming permanent passages in the said atomizer for setting the fuel in gyratory movement around the axis of the said atomizer and discharging the said fuel into the said container, said fuel thereby having simultaneously a helical gyratory movement around the axis of the atomizer and a gyratory movement around the axis of the container, a calibrated spring adapted to press the valve upon its seat for all outputs corresponding to a pressure less than the tension of said spring, means vto deliver liquid fuel under pressure into the nozzle of the atomizer and adapted when pressure overcomes the tension of said spring to produce an additional annular opening around the valve head, means to admit the gaseous fluid into the container, means to withdraw from said container the mixture containing the gaseous fluid and the atomized fuel located within the desired zone of fineness and means to withdraw the remaining atomized fuel from said container at another zone thereof.

9. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuel for use in motors, burners and analogous fuel consuming apparatus including in combination a container the cross section of which is circular, the said container holding a gaseous fluid, at least one atomizer the axis of which is substantially arranged tangentially to the internal periphery of the said container, a nozzle, a conical valve head located in said nozzle, a seat for the said valve, helical grooves arranged on the said conical valve head and forming permanent passages in the said atomizer for setting the fuel in gyratory movement around the axis of the said atomizer and discharging the said fuel into the said container, said fuel thereby having simultaneously a helical gyratory movement around. the axis of the atomizer and a gyratory movement around the axis of the container, a chamber arranged at the outer end of the nozzle of the atomizer with its walls inclined relatively to the direction of discharge of the liquid fuel through the permanent passages of the said atomizer so as to cause the fuel issuing from said passages to impinge on said wall to spread over the same in a layer of uniformthickness, a calibrated spring adapted' to press the valve upon its seat for all outputs corresponding to a pressure less than the tension of said spring, means to deliver liquid fuel under pressure into the nozzle yof the atomizer and adapted when pressure overcomes the tension of said spring to produce an additional annular opening around the valve head, means to admit the gaseous fluid into the container, means to withdraw from said container the mixture containing the gaseous fluid and the atomized fuel located within the desired zone of iineness and means to Withdraw the remaining atomized fuel from said container at another zone thereof.

10. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuel for use in motors, burners and analogous fuel consuming apparatus including in combination a container the cross section of which is circular, the said container holding a gaseous fluid, at least one atomizer the axis of which is substantially arranged tangentially to the internal periphery of the said container, a nozzle, a conical valve head located in said nozzle, a seat for the said valve, helical grooves arranged on the said conical valve head and forming permanent passages in the said atomizer for setting the fuel in gyratory movement around the axis of the said atomizer and discharging the said fuel into the said container, said fuel thereby having simultaneously a helical gyratory movement around the axis of the atomizer and a gyratory movement around the axis of the container, a calibrated spring adapted to press the valve upon its seat for all outputs corresponding to a pressure less than the tension of said spring, mea-ns to deliverliquid fuel under pressure into the nozzle of the atomizer and adapted when pressure overcomes the tension of said spring to produce an additional annular opening around the valve head, a shoulder arranged on the stem of the valve head, helical passages arranged in the said shoulder for the discharge of the fuel towards the helical grooves arranged on the valve head, means to admit the gaseous uid into the container, meansto withdraw from said container the mixture containing the gaseous uid and the atomized fuel located Within the desired zone of neness and means to withdraw the remaining atomized fuel from said container at another zone thereof.

11. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuel for use in motors, burners and analogous fuel consuming apparatus including in combination a container the cross section of which is circular, the said container holding a gaseous fluid at least one atomizer the axis of which is substantially arranged tangentially to the internal periphery of the said container, a nozzle, a conical valve head located in said nozzle and opening towards the interior of the said nozzle, a Vseat for the said valve, helical grooves arranged on the said conical valve head and forming permanent passages in the said atomizer for setting the fuel in gyratory movement around the axis of the said atomizer and discharging the same into the said container, said fuel thereby having simultaneously a helical gyratory movement around the axis of the atomizer and a gyratory movement around the axis of the container, a dierentlal piston mounted on the stem of the said valve, said valve said stem and said piston having an axial bore causing communication between the inner face of said piston and the outer face of said valve, means to admit the gaseous fluid into the container, means to withdraw from said container the mixture containing the gaseous iiuid and the atomized fuel located within the desired zone of fineness and `means to withdraw the remaining atomized fuel from said container at another zone thereof.

12. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuel for use in motors, burners and analogous fuel consuming apparatus including in combination a container the cross section of which is circular, the said container holding a gaseous fluid, at least one atomizer the axis of which is substantially arranged tangentially to the internal periphery of the said container, permanent passages arranged in the said atomizer for discharging the fuel into the said container, means for giving, around the axis of the said atomizer, a helical gyratory movement to the fuel so discharged into the said container, said fuel thereby having simultaneously a helical gyratory movement around the axis of the atomizer and a gyratory movement around the axis of thecontainer, means to admit the gaseous uid into the container, means to withdraw from said container the mixture containing the gaseous iiuid and the atomized fuel located within the desired zone of neness, a bell shaped screen located in said container arranged so as to leave between the cylindrical wall of said bell and the inner face of said container a free annular space, said container having a collecting chamber below said annular space for collecting excess fuel, a oat within said chamber, the atomizer discharging into said container above said screen, a pump delivering fuel under pressure into said atomizer, a conduit connecting said excess fuel chamber with said pump, a valve controlling the ow of liquid from said chamber into said conduit actuated by said float, and means to Withdraw atomized fuel from said container at a zone displaced radially inward of said free annular space.

13. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuel for use in motors, burners and analogous fuel consuming apparatus including in combination a set of containers the cross section of each of which is circular, each of the said containers holding a gaseous uid, at least one atomizer the axis of which is substantially arranged tangentially to the internal periphery of the said corresponding container, permanent passages arranged in the said atomizer for discharging the fuel into the said corresponding container, means for giving, around the axis of the said atomizer, a helical gyratory movement to the fuel so discharged into the said corresponding container, said fuel thereby having simultaneously a helical gyratory movement around the axis of the atomizer and a gyratory movement around the axis of the said corresponding container, means to admit the gaseous fluid into the said corresponding container, means to withdraw from said corresponding container the mixture containing the gaseous fluid and the atomized fuel located within the desired zone of neness, means to withdraw the remaining atomized fuel from said container at another zone thereof, and the various containers being arranged in parallel and a mixer in which the different combustible mixtures obtained from the several containers are mixed together.

14. A device for producing gaseous fuel mixtures from liquid fuel for use in motors, burners and analogous fuel consuming apparatus including in combination a set of containers, the cross section of each of which is circular, each of the said containers holding a gaseous fluid, at least one atomizer the axis of which is substantially arranged tangentially to the internal' periphery of the said corresponding container, permanent passages arranged in the said atomizer for discharging the fuel into the said corresponding container, means for giving, around .the axis of the said atomizer, ahelical gyratory movement to the fuel so discharged into the said corresponding container, said fuel thereby having simultaneously a helical gyratory movement around the axis of the atomizer and a gyratory movement around the axis of the said corresponding container, means to admit a gaseous fluid into the said corresponding container, means to withdraw from said corresponding container the mixture containing the gaseous fluid and the atomized fuel located within the desired zone of fineness, means to withdraw the remaining atomized fuel from said container at another zone thereof, and the various containers being arranged in series, the inlet of the gaseous fluid of each container being connected with the outlet of the preceding one.

EUGENE MATHIEU.

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