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US20110005536A1 - Nicotiana diversity - Google Patents

Nicotiana diversity Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110005536A1
US20110005536A1 US12/886,183 US88618310A US2011005536A1 US 20110005536 A1 US20110005536 A1 US 20110005536A1 US 88618310 A US88618310 A US 88618310A US 2011005536 A1 US2011005536 A1 US 2011005536A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
nicotiana
composition
tobacco
smokeless tobacco
tobaccos
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Abandoned
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US12/886,183
Inventor
Robert H. Lawrence, Jr.
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US Smokeless Tobacco Co LLC
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US Smokeless Tobacco Co LLC
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to US12/886,183 priority Critical patent/US20110005536A1/en
Assigned to U.S. SMOKELESS TOBACCO COMPANY LLC reassignment U.S. SMOKELESS TOBACCO COMPANY LLC CERTIFICATE OF CONVERSION Assignors: U.S. SMOKELESS TOBACCO COMPANY
Publication of US20110005536A1 publication Critical patent/US20110005536A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of compositions that include tobacco.
  • the invention features tobacco products that include one or more members of the genus Nicotiana.
  • Such products may contain raw or processed tobacco, or alternatively may contain tobacco-derived components, e.g., organoleptic compounds.
  • tobacco-derived components may be supplied by tobacco particles, a tobacco extract, or a combination thereof
  • the invention features a smokeless tobacco composition, e.g. a chewing tobacco, a snuff, a film, or a gel, including tobacco from one of the following members of the Nicotiana genus: Nicotiana acaulis, Nicotiana acuminata, Nicotiana acuminata var.
  • Nicotiana africana adenosarcoma
  • Nicotiana alata adenosine adenosine adenosine adenosine adenosine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana cordifolia, Nicotiana corymbosa, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana excelsior, Nicotiana forgetiana, Nicotiana fragrans, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana goodspeedii, Nicotiana gossei, Nicotiana hybrid, Nicotiana ingulba, Nicotiana kawakamii, Nicotiana knightiana, Nicotiana langsdorffii, Nicotiana linearis, Nicotiana longiflora,
  • Nicotiana otophora Nicotiana paniculata, Nicotiana pauciflora, Nicotiana petunioides, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Nicotiana raimondii, Nicotiana repanda, Nicotiana rosulata, Nicotiana rosulata subsp.
  • Nicotiana rotundifolia Nicotiana setchellii
  • Nicotiana simulans Nicotiana solanifolia
  • Nicotiana spegazzinii Nicotiana stocktonii
  • Nicotiana suaveolens Nicotiana sylvestris
  • Nicotiana thyrsiflora Nicotiana tomentosa
  • Nicotiana tomentosiformis Nicotiana trigonophylla
  • Nicotiana umbratica Nicotiana undulata
  • Nicotiana velutina Nicotiana wigandioides
  • Nicotiana x sanderae Nicotiana x sanderae.
  • a composition as described may further include one, two, three, four, five, six, or more auxiliary tobaccos, which are different than the tobacco already present in the smokeless tobacco composition.
  • auxiliary tobaccos include: Nicotiana acaulis, Nicotiana acuminata, Nicotiana acuminata var.
  • Nicotiana africana adenosarcoma
  • Nicotiana alata adenosine adenosine adenosine adenosine adenosine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana cordifolia, Nicotiana corymbosa, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana excelsior, Nicotiana forgetiana, Nicotiana fragrans, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana goodspeedii, Nicotiana gossei, Nicotiana hybrid, Nicotiana ingulba, Nicotiana kawakamii, Nicotiana knightiana, Nicotiana langsdorffii, Nicotiana linearis, Nicotiana longiflora,
  • Nicotiana otophora Nicotiana paniculata, Nicotiana pauciflora, Nicotiana petunioides, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Nicotiana raimondii, Nicotiana repanda, Nicotiana rosulata, Nicotiana rosulata subsp.
  • Nicotiana rotundifolia Nicotiana setchellii
  • Nicotiana simulans Nicotiana solanifolia
  • Nicotiana spegazzinii Nicotiana stocktonii
  • Nicotiana suaveolens Nicotiana sylvestris
  • Nicotiana thyrsiflora Nicotiana tomentosa
  • Nicotiana tomentosiformis Nicotiana trigonophylla
  • Nicotiana umbratica Nicotiana undulata
  • Nicotiana velutina Nicotiana wigandioides
  • Nicotiana x sanderae Nicotiana x sanderae.
  • compositions described herein may further include tobacco from Nicotiana rustica or Nicotiana tabacum (for example, LA B21, LN KY171, TI 1406, Basma, Galpao, Perique, Beinhart 1000-1, and Petico), or both.
  • Compositions are preferably orally consumed.
  • the compositions may further include a flavor, a flavor masking agent, a sweetener, chlorophyll, a mineral, a botanical, or a breath freshening agent.
  • the invention features a method of providing tobacco satisfaction, by introducing into the mouth any of the compositions, or combinations of compositions, described herein.
  • tobacco any part of any member of the genus Nicotiana , e.g., leaves, flowers, roots, and stems.
  • the tobacco may be whole, shredded, cut, cured, aged, fermented, or otherwise processed.
  • Tobacco may also be in the form of finished products, including but not limited to smokeless tobacco, e.g. snuff (moist or dry) or chewing tobacco.
  • the term also includes an extract of tobacco including two or more tobacco organoleptic components.
  • tobacco satisfaction in this case, is meant the experience associated with tobacco organoleptic components and added flavor components that are released in the mouth when using a smokeless tobacco.
  • An adult consumer who chooses to use a smokeless tobacco product purchases a smokeless tobacco product typically according to their individual preference, such a preference includes, without limitation, flavor, cut of tobacco, form, ease of use, and packaging.
  • organoleptic is meant relating or contributing to the integrated sensory perception by the consumer that includes, for example, any combination of aroma, fragrance, flavor, taste, odor, mouth feel, or the like.
  • the invention features tobacco products including one or more members of the genus Nicotiana that may be utilized to obtain tobacco satisfaction.
  • Tobacco materials are typically provided in various forms such as a dust or powder, cut filler, shreds, strips, stems, or leaves or any combination of such forms.
  • Tobacco material may be expanded to increase its size using standard methods known in the art, e.g., puffing. Such methods are especially useful in expanding stem material.
  • the tobacco material can also be grounded to form finely divided particles.
  • the tobacco material may, if desired, therefore be subjected to various treatments to reduce its size, such as grinding or milling, for producing tobacco material in a finely ground or powder form.
  • the tobacco employed in the composition may also be prepared according to the methods of U.S. Publication No. 2004/0112394, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the tobacco material is in finely particulate form; however, grinding before processing is not required.
  • suitable tobaccos useful for producing a tobacco composition include any raw or processed (or mature or immature) tobacco from the following members of the Nicotiana genus: Nicotiana acaulis, Nicotiana acuminata, Nicotiana acuminata var.
  • Nicotiana africana adenosarcoma
  • Nicotiana alata adenosine adenosine adenosine adenosine adenosine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine aposine, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana cordifolia, Nicotiana corymbosa, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana excelsior, Nicotiana forgetiana, Nicotiana fragrans, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana goodspeedii, Nicotiana gossei, Nicotiana hybrid, Nicotiana ingulba, Nicotiana kawakamii, Nicotiana knightiana, Nicotiana langsdorffii, Nicotiana linearis, Nicotiana longiflora,
  • Nicotiana otophora Nicotiana paniculata, Nicotiana pauciflora, Nicotiana petunioides , Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Nicotiana raimondii, Nicotiana repanda, Nicotiana rosulata, Nicotiana rosulata subsp.
  • Nicotiana rotundifolia Nicotiana setchellii
  • Nicotiana simulans Nicotiana solanifolia
  • Nicotiana spegazzinii Nicotiana stocktonii
  • Nicotiana suaveolens Nicotiana sylvestris
  • Nicotiana thyrsiflora Nicotiana tomentosa
  • Nicotiana tomentosiformis Nicotiana trigonophylla
  • Nicotiana umbratica Nicotiana undulata
  • Nicotiana velutina Nicotiana wigandioides
  • Nicotiana x sanderae .
  • Nicotiana tabacum for example, LA B21, LN KY171, TI 1406, Basma, Galpao, Perique, Beinhart 1000-1, and Petico
  • Nicotiana rustica for example, LA B21, LN KY171, TI 1406, Basma, Galpao, Perique, Beinhart 1000-1, and Petico
  • Nicotiana rustica for example, LA B21, LN KY171, TI 1406, Basma, Galpao, Perique, Beinhart 1000-1, and Petico
  • Nicotiana rustica are typically processed according to standard methods, e.g., processed separately, or as blends thereof.
  • compositions may include, without limitation, a smokeless tobacco product, such as snuff (moist or dry) or a smokeless tobacco product made from an extract of cured or uncured tobacco, chewing tobacco, films, or gels.
  • a smokeless tobacco product such as snuff (moist or dry)
  • a smokeless tobacco product made from an extract of cured or uncured tobacco chewing tobacco, films, or gels.
  • Exemplary compositions are described in U.S. Publication Nos. 2003/0094182 and 2003/0070687, U.S. Ser. No. 60/518,352, 60/603,888, and U.S. Ser. No.__/___,____, filed November 5, 2004, entitled “Tobacco Compositions” the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the tobacco used in the composition may be any tobacco described above. Suitable tobaccos include fermented and unfermented tobaccos, cured (such as air-, fire-, or flue-cured), light or dark fired, as well as the products from whole leaf stemming operation. Alternatives and variations include the use of tobacco leaf or lamina and stem. In addition, scrap size tobacco lamina may be commingled with homogenized product for the purpose of modifying the texture and flavor.
  • compositions of the invention may therefore include flavor extracts (e.g., licorice, kudzu, hydrangea, Japanese white bark magnolia leaf, chamomile, fenugreek, clove, menthol, Japanese mint, aniseed, cinnamon, herb, wintergreen, apple, peach, cherry, berry, Dramboui, bourbon, scotch, whiskey, spearmint, peppermint, lavender, cardamon, apium graveolens, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, honey essence, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, orange oil, cassia, caraway, cognac, jasmin, ilangilang, sage, fennel, piment, ginger, anise, coriander, coffee, or a mint oil from any species of the genus Mentha), flavor masking agents, bitterness receptor site blockers, sweeten
  • Flavors may also be provided by plant matter, e.g., mint leaves, which are typically 10% flavor oils and 90% insoluble fiber.
  • Exemplary plants further include licorice, kudzu, hydrangea, Japanese white bark magnolia, chamomile, fenugreek, clove, Japanese mint, cinnamon, herb, apple, peach, cherry, berry, lavender, cardamon, apium graveolens, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, rose, vanilla, lemon, orange, cassia, caraway, jasmin, ilangilang, sage, fennel, piment, ginger, anise, coriander, coffee, or any species of the genus Mentha.
  • Flavor may be provided to a composition as described herein by flavor extracts, plant matter, or a combination thereof. In addition to natural flavor extracts, flavor may also be provided by imitation, synthetic, or artificial flavor ingredients and blends containing such ingredients. Flavors may be added as a powder, an oil, or in encapsulated form.
  • Tobacco compositions may, if desired, be used to provide flavor or aroma or both to virtually any smokeless tobacco composition including, but not limited to, snuff (moist or dry), chewing tobacco, loose tobacco, pouched tobacco, and the like, or any form contained herein.
  • any of the above-referenced tobaccos is first grown and harvested.
  • the tobacco plant or a component thereof is, if desired, aged, fermented, or cured according to methods known in the art.
  • Plant material may be processed according to standard methods known in the art for the production of a tobacco composition, e.g., stripped, bailed, redried, cut, conditioned, extruded, or blended.
  • a composition may also include a blend of any of the aforementioned tobaccos described herein.
  • tobacco plant material e.g., Nicotiana acauli and Nicotiana acuminata, Nicotiana acuminata var.
  • a blend of any of the tobaccos referred to herein may include the following ranges of a first tobacco and an auxiliary tobacco.
  • Such tobaccos may be chopped or ground to appropriate sizes depending on the type of product being made.
  • the material may also be further separated based on size by passing it over a screen. Chopping or grinding of the tobaccos may be accomplished using any methods known in the art for that purpose.
  • the tobaccos that have been appropriately processed are then blended together using methods and equipment known in the art. Other known additives may be blended with the tobaccos either before or after the tobaccos are blended together.
  • the tobaccos may be further processed separately before they are mixed together or further processed together after mixing.
  • Air cured tobacco Nicotiana acaulis , is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. Tobacco material is collected. An oven volatile is next run on the tobacco to determine its moisture content. This value is then used to calculate needed RO water amount to bring the tobacco to 30 percent moisture.
  • Air cured tobacco Nicotiana acuminata , is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. Tobacco material is collected. An oven volatile is next run on the tobacco to determine its moisture content. This value is then used to calculate needed RO water amount to bring the tobacco to 30 percent moisture.
  • Air cured tobacco Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora , is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. Tobacco material is collected. An oven volatile is next run on the tobacco to determine its moisture content. This value is then used to calculate needed RO water amount to bring the tobacco to 30 percent moisture.
  • Air cured tobacco Nicotiana africana
  • Air cured tobacco Nicotiana alata
  • Air cured tobacco Nicotiana amplexicaulis , is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. Tobacco material is collected. An oven volatile is next run on the tobacco to determine its moisture content. This value is then used to calculate needed RO water amount to bring the tobacco to 30 percent moisture.
  • tobaccos such as Nicotiana arentsii, Nicotiana attenuata, Nicotiana benavidesii, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana bonariensis,
  • Nicotiana otophora Nicotiana paniculata, Nicotiana pauciflora, Nicotiana petunioides, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Nicotiana raimondii, Nicotiana repanda, Nicotiana rosulata, Nicotiana rosulata subsp.
  • Nicotiana ingulba Nicotiana rotundifolia, Nicotiana setchellii, Nicotiana simulans, Nicotiana solanifolia, Nicotiana spegazzinii, Nicotiana stocktonii, Nicotiana suaveolens, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana thyrsiflora, Nicotiana tomentosa, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Nicotiana trigonophylla, Nicotiana umbratica, Nicotiana undulata, Nicotiana velutina, Nicotiana wigandioides, and Nicotiana x sanderae are air-cured and then processed according to according to any of the aforementioned Examples 1-5.
  • Air cured tobacco, Nicotiana acaulis is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. The same exact setting is used to grind a second air cured tobacco, Nicotiana acuminata . An oven volatile is then run on each tobacco to determine its moisture content. Results from these studies are then used to calculate the needed RO water amount to bring the blend to 30 percent moisture.
  • a range of blends is made over the course of several weeks and submitted to a taste panel. The ranges include 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, and 80 percent Nicotiana acuminata relative to Nicotiana acaulis . Each panelist receives a paired set of the blended samples and the placebo of the respective percentage as it was blended and is asked to evaluate within 2 days to eliminate any possibility of product age differences.
  • the placebo composition is a respective percentage blend of tobacco and cellulose.
  • the cellulose is washed, dried, and compacted.
  • the cellulose is used commercially as a flavor carrier.
  • the specific characteristics of the cellulose is such that minimal flavor is introduced to the mixture by the cellulose itself.
  • taste panels are asked to rate flavor characteristics such as tobacco satisfaction, bitterness, astringency, acridness, and tobacco aftertaste, and indicate their sample preference. A rating of 1 is considered poor as a rating of 10 is considered good.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention features a smokeless tobacco composition that includes a tobacco selected from: Nicotiana acaulis, Nicotiana acuminata, Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora, Nicotiana africana, Nicotiana alata, Nicotiana amplexicaulis, Nicotiana arentsii, Nicotiana attenuata, Nicotiana benavidesii, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana bonariensis, Nicotiana cavicola, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana cordifolia, Nicotiana corymbosa, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana excelsior, Nicotiana forgetiana, Nicotiana fragrans, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana goodspeedii, Nicotiana gossei, Nicotiana hybrid, Nicotiana ingulba, Nicotiana knightiana, Nicotiana langsdorffii, Nicotiana linearis, Nicotiana longiflora, Nicotiana maritima, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana miersii, Nicotiana noctiflora, Nicotiana nudicaulis, Nicotiana obtusifolia, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. hesperis, Nicotiana otophora, Nicotiana paniculata, Nicotiana pauciflora, Nicotiana petunioides, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana quadrivalvis , Nicotiana raimondii,
Nicotiana repanda, Nicotiana rosulata, Nicotiana rosulata subsp. ingulba, Nicotiana rotundifolia, Nicotiana setchellii, Nicotiana simulans, Nicotiana solanifolia, Nicotiana spegazzinii, Nicotiana stocktonii, Nicotiana suaveolens, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana thyrs flora, Nicotiana tomentosa, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Nicotiana trigonophylla, Nicotiana umbratica, Nicotiana undulata, Nicotiana velutina, Nicotiana wigandioides, and Nicotiana x sanderae.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a continuation application of and claims priority from, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/981,948, filed Nov. 5, 2004, which claims benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/603,887, filed Aug. 23, 2004, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
    • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to the field of compositions that include tobacco.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention features tobacco products that include one or more members of the genus Nicotiana. Such products may contain raw or processed tobacco, or alternatively may contain tobacco-derived components, e.g., organoleptic compounds. Tobacco-derived components may be supplied by tobacco particles, a tobacco extract, or a combination thereof
  • In one aspect, the invention features a smokeless tobacco composition, e.g. a chewing tobacco, a snuff, a film, or a gel, including tobacco from one of the following members of the Nicotiana genus: Nicotiana acaulis, Nicotiana acuminata, Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora, Nicotiana africana, Nicotiana alata, Nicotiana amplexicaulis, Nicotiana arentsii, Nicotiana attenuata, Nicotiana benavidesii, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana bonariensis, Nicotiana cavicola, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana cordifolia, Nicotiana corymbosa, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana excelsior, Nicotiana forgetiana, Nicotiana fragrans, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana goodspeedii, Nicotiana gossei, Nicotiana hybrid, Nicotiana ingulba, Nicotiana kawakamii, Nicotiana knightiana, Nicotiana langsdorffii, Nicotiana linearis, Nicotiana longiflora, Nicotiana maritima, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana miersii, Nicotiana noctiflora, Nicotiana nudicaulis, Nicotiana obtusifolia, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. hesperis, Nicotiana otophora, Nicotiana paniculata, Nicotiana pauciflora, Nicotiana petunioides, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Nicotiana raimondii, Nicotiana repanda, Nicotiana rosulata, Nicotiana rosulata subsp. ingulba, Nicotiana rotundifolia, Nicotiana setchellii, Nicotiana simulans, Nicotiana solanifolia, Nicotiana spegazzinii, Nicotiana stocktonii, Nicotiana suaveolens, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana thyrsiflora, Nicotiana tomentosa, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Nicotiana trigonophylla, Nicotiana umbratica, Nicotiana undulata, Nicotiana velutina, Nicotiana wigandioides, and Nicotiana x sanderae.
  • A composition as described may further include one, two, three, four, five, six, or more auxiliary tobaccos, which are different than the tobacco already present in the smokeless tobacco composition. Auxiliary tobaccos include: Nicotiana acaulis, Nicotiana acuminata, Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora, Nicotiana africana, Nicotiana alata, Nicotiana amplexicaulis, Nicotiana arentsii, Nicotiana attenuata, Nicotiana benavidesii, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana bonariensis, Nicotiana cavicola, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana cordifolia, Nicotiana corymbosa, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana excelsior, Nicotiana forgetiana, Nicotiana fragrans, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana goodspeedii, Nicotiana gossei, Nicotiana hybrid, Nicotiana ingulba, Nicotiana kawakamii, Nicotiana knightiana, Nicotiana langsdorffii, Nicotiana linearis, Nicotiana longiflora, Nicotiana maritima, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana miersii, Nicotiana noctiflora, Nicotiana nudicaulis, Nicotiana obtusifolia, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. hesperis, Nicotiana otophora, Nicotiana paniculata, Nicotiana pauciflora, Nicotiana petunioides, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Nicotiana raimondii, Nicotiana repanda, Nicotiana rosulata, Nicotiana rosulata subsp. ingulba, Nicotiana rotundifolia, Nicotiana setchellii, Nicotiana simulans, Nicotiana solanifolia, Nicotiana spegazzinii, Nicotiana stocktonii, Nicotiana suaveolens, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana thyrsiflora, Nicotiana tomentosa, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Nicotiana trigonophylla, Nicotiana umbratica, Nicotiana undulata, Nicotiana velutina, Nicotiana wigandioides, and Nicotiana x sanderae.
  • Any composition described herein may further include tobacco from Nicotiana rustica or Nicotiana tabacum (for example, LA B21, LN KY171, TI 1406, Basma, Galpao, Perique, Beinhart 1000-1, and Petico), or both. Compositions are preferably orally consumed. The compositions may further include a flavor, a flavor masking agent, a sweetener, chlorophyll, a mineral, a botanical, or a breath freshening agent.
  • In another aspect, the invention features a method of providing tobacco satisfaction, by introducing into the mouth any of the compositions, or combinations of compositions, described herein.
  • By “tobacco” is meant any part of any member of the genus Nicotiana, e.g., leaves, flowers, roots, and stems. The tobacco may be whole, shredded, cut, cured, aged, fermented, or otherwise processed. Tobacco may also be in the form of finished products, including but not limited to smokeless tobacco, e.g. snuff (moist or dry) or chewing tobacco. The term also includes an extract of tobacco including two or more tobacco organoleptic components.
  • By “tobacco satisfaction,” in this case, is meant the experience associated with tobacco organoleptic components and added flavor components that are released in the mouth when using a smokeless tobacco. An adult consumer who chooses to use a smokeless tobacco product purchases a smokeless tobacco product typically according to their individual preference, such a preference includes, without limitation, flavor, cut of tobacco, form, ease of use, and packaging.
  • By “organoleptic” is meant relating or contributing to the integrated sensory perception by the consumer that includes, for example, any combination of aroma, fragrance, flavor, taste, odor, mouth feel, or the like.
  • Other features and advantages will be apparent from the following description and the claims.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention features tobacco products including one or more members of the genus Nicotiana that may be utilized to obtain tobacco satisfaction.
    • Tobacco
  • Tobacco materials are typically provided in various forms such as a dust or powder, cut filler, shreds, strips, stems, or leaves or any combination of such forms. Tobacco material may be expanded to increase its size using standard methods known in the art, e.g., puffing. Such methods are especially useful in expanding stem material. The tobacco material can also be grounded to form finely divided particles. The tobacco material may, if desired, therefore be subjected to various treatments to reduce its size, such as grinding or milling, for producing tobacco material in a finely ground or powder form. The tobacco employed in the composition may also be prepared according to the methods of U.S. Publication No. 2004/0112394, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Preferably, the tobacco material is in finely particulate form; however, grinding before processing is not required. Examples of suitable tobaccos useful for producing a tobacco composition include any raw or processed (or mature or immature) tobacco from the following members of the Nicotiana genus: Nicotiana acaulis, Nicotiana acuminata, Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora, Nicotiana africana, Nicotiana alata, Nicotiana amplexicaulis, Nicotiana arentsii, Nicotiana attenuata, Nicotiana benavidesii, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana bonariensis, Nicotiana cavicola, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana cordifolia, Nicotiana corymbosa, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana excelsior, Nicotiana forgetiana, Nicotiana fragrans, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana goodspeedii, Nicotiana gossei, Nicotiana hybrid, Nicotiana ingulba, Nicotiana kawakamii, Nicotiana knightiana, Nicotiana langsdorffii, Nicotiana linearis, Nicotiana longiflora, Nicotiana maritima, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana miersii, Nicotiana noctiflora, Nicotiana nudicaulis, Nicotiana obtusifolia, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. hesperis, Nicotiana otophora, Nicotiana paniculata, Nicotiana pauciflora, Nicotiana petunioides, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Nicotiana raimondii, Nicotiana repanda, Nicotiana rosulata, Nicotiana rosulata subsp. ingulba, Nicotiana rotundifolia, Nicotiana setchellii, Nicotiana simulans, Nicotiana solanifolia, Nicotiana spegazzinii, Nicotiana stocktonii, Nicotiana suaveolens, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana thyrsiflora, Nicotiana tomentosa, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Nicotiana trigonophylla, Nicotiana umbratica, Nicotiana undulata, Nicotiana velutina, Nicotiana wigandioides, and Nicotiana x sanderae. Any one of these members may be used alone, in combination with each other, or in combination with Nicotiana tabacum (for example, LA B21, LN KY171, TI 1406, Basma, Galpao, Perique, Beinhart 1000-1, and Petico) or Nicotiana rustica. These species of tobacco are typically processed according to standard methods, e.g., processed separately, or as blends thereof.
    • Compositions
  • Tobacco derived from members of the Nicotiana genus may be included in any composition. Compositions may include, without limitation, a smokeless tobacco product, such as snuff (moist or dry) or a smokeless tobacco product made from an extract of cured or uncured tobacco, chewing tobacco, films, or gels. Exemplary compositions are described in U.S. Publication Nos. 2003/0094182 and 2003/0070687, U.S. Ser. No. 60/518,352, 60/603,888, and U.S. Ser. No.__/___,____, filed November 5, 2004, entitled “Tobacco Compositions” the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • In an important aspect, the tobacco used in the composition may be any tobacco described above. Suitable tobaccos include fermented and unfermented tobaccos, cured (such as air-, fire-, or flue-cured), light or dark fired, as well as the products from whole leaf stemming operation. Alternatives and variations include the use of tobacco leaf or lamina and stem. In addition, scrap size tobacco lamina may be commingled with homogenized product for the purpose of modifying the texture and flavor.
  • Any tobacco described herein may be mixed with other additives known in the tobacco art. Compositions of the invention may therefore include flavor extracts (e.g., licorice, kudzu, hydrangea, Japanese white bark magnolia leaf, chamomile, fenugreek, clove, menthol, Japanese mint, aniseed, cinnamon, herb, wintergreen, apple, peach, cherry, berry, Dramboui, bourbon, scotch, whiskey, spearmint, peppermint, lavender, cardamon, apium graveolens, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, honey essence, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, orange oil, cassia, caraway, cognac, jasmin, ilangilang, sage, fennel, piment, ginger, anise, coriander, coffee, or a mint oil from any species of the genus Mentha), flavor masking agents, bitterness receptor site blockers, sweeteners (e.g., sucralose, acesulfame potassium (Ace-K), aspartame, saccharine, cyclamates, lactose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol, and mannitol), and other desirable additives such as chlorophyll, minerals, botanicals, or breath freshening agents.
  • Flavors may also be provided by plant matter, e.g., mint leaves, which are typically 10% flavor oils and 90% insoluble fiber. Exemplary plants further include licorice, kudzu, hydrangea, Japanese white bark magnolia, chamomile, fenugreek, clove, Japanese mint, cinnamon, herb, apple, peach, cherry, berry, lavender, cardamon, apium graveolens, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, rose, vanilla, lemon, orange, cassia, caraway, jasmin, ilangilang, sage, fennel, piment, ginger, anise, coriander, coffee, or any species of the genus Mentha.
  • Flavor may be provided to a composition as described herein by flavor extracts, plant matter, or a combination thereof. In addition to natural flavor extracts, flavor may also be provided by imitation, synthetic, or artificial flavor ingredients and blends containing such ingredients. Flavors may be added as a powder, an oil, or in encapsulated form.
  • Tobacco compositions may, if desired, be used to provide flavor or aroma or both to virtually any smokeless tobacco composition including, but not limited to, snuff (moist or dry), chewing tobacco, loose tobacco, pouched tobacco, and the like, or any form contained herein.
  • To produce a tobacco composition, any of the above-referenced tobaccos is first grown and harvested. The tobacco plant or a component thereof is, if desired, aged, fermented, or cured according to methods known in the art. Plant material may be processed according to standard methods known in the art for the production of a tobacco composition, e.g., stripped, bailed, redried, cut, conditioned, extruded, or blended.
  • Any of the aforementioned tobaccos may be used to produce a composition. A composition may also include a blend of any of the aforementioned tobaccos described herein. In particular, such tobacco plant material (e.g., Nicotiana acauli and Nicotiana acuminata, Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora and Nicotiana africana, Nicotiana alata and Nicotiana amplexicaulis, Nicotiana arentsii and Nicotiana attenuata, Nicotiana benavidesii and Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bonariensis and Nicotiana cavicola and Nicotiana clevelandii, and Nicotiana cordifolia and Nicotiana corymbosa) is blended to a desired composition that does not have certain negative flavor characteristics sometimes associated with tobacco. Such “negative flavor characteristics” refers to bitterness, astringency, acridness, harsh tobacco flavor, aftertaste, and negative sensations experienced by consumption. Definitions of flavor characteristics are provided, for example, in The Dictionary of Flavors, DeRovira, Food & Nutrition Press, Inc., 1999, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • In one aspect, a blend of any of the tobaccos referred to herein may include the following ranges of a first tobacco and an auxiliary tobacco.
  • TABLE I
    Weight % First Tobacco Weight % Second Tobacco
    95.0 5.0
    90.0 10.0
    85.0 15.0
    80.0 20.0
    75.0 25.0
    70.0 30.0
    65.0 35.0
    60.0 40.0
    55.0 45.0
    50.0 50.0
    45.0 55.0
    40.0 60.0
    35.0 65.0
    30.0 70.0
    25.0 75.0
    20.0 80.0
    15.0 85.0
    10.0 90.0
    5.0 95.0
  • After choosing an appropriate first tobacco and an appropriate auxiliary tobacco (for example, a second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixth tobacco), such tobaccos may be chopped or ground to appropriate sizes depending on the type of product being made. The material may also be further separated based on size by passing it over a screen. Chopping or grinding of the tobaccos may be accomplished using any methods known in the art for that purpose.
  • The tobaccos that have been appropriately processed are then blended together using methods and equipment known in the art. Other known additives may be blended with the tobaccos either before or after the tobaccos are blended together. The tobaccos may be further processed separately before they are mixed together or further processed together after mixing.
  • The present invention is more fully illustrated by the following examples, which are set forth to illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting.
    • EXAMPLES Example 1
  • Air cured tobacco, Nicotiana acaulis, is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. Tobacco material is collected. An oven volatile is next run on the tobacco to determine its moisture content. This value is then used to calculate needed RO water amount to bring the tobacco to 30 percent moisture.
    • Example 2
  • Air cured tobacco, Nicotiana acuminata, is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. Tobacco material is collected. An oven volatile is next run on the tobacco to determine its moisture content. This value is then used to calculate needed RO water amount to bring the tobacco to 30 percent moisture.
    • Example 3
  • Air cured tobacco, Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora, is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. Tobacco material is collected. An oven volatile is next run on the tobacco to determine its moisture content. This value is then used to calculate needed RO water amount to bring the tobacco to 30 percent moisture.
    • Example 4
  • Air cured tobacco, Nicotiana africana, is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. Tobacco material is collected. An oven volatile is next run on the tobacco to determine its moisture content. This value is then used to calculate needed RO water amount to bring the tobacco to 30 percent moisture.
    • Example 5
  • Air cured tobacco, Nicotiana alata, is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. Tobacco material is collected. An oven volatile is next run on the tobacco to determine its moisture content. This value is then used to calculate needed RO water amount to bring the tobacco to 30 percent moisture.
    • Example 6
  • Air cured tobacco, Nicotiana amplexicaulis, is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. Tobacco material is collected. An oven volatile is next run on the tobacco to determine its moisture content. This value is then used to calculate needed RO water amount to bring the tobacco to 30 percent moisture.
    • Example 7
  • Other tobaccos such as Nicotiana arentsii, Nicotiana attenuata, Nicotiana benavidesii, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana bonariensis,
  • Nicotiana cavicola, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana cordifolia, Nicotiana corymbosa, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana excelsior, Nicotiana forgetiana, Nicotiana fragrans, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana goodspeedii, Nicotiana gossei, Nicotiana hybrid, Nicotiana ingulba, Nicotiana kawakamii, Nicotiana knightiana, Nicotiana langsdorffii, Nicotiana linearis, Nicotiana longiflora, Nicotiana maritima, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana miersii, Nicotiana noctiflora, Nicotiana nudicaulis, Nicotiana obtusifolia, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. hesperis, Nicotiana otophora, Nicotiana paniculata, Nicotiana pauciflora, Nicotiana petunioides, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Nicotiana raimondii, Nicotiana repanda, Nicotiana rosulata, Nicotiana rosulata subsp. ingulba, Nicotiana rotundifolia, Nicotiana setchellii, Nicotiana simulans, Nicotiana solanifolia, Nicotiana spegazzinii, Nicotiana stocktonii, Nicotiana suaveolens, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana thyrsiflora, Nicotiana tomentosa, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Nicotiana trigonophylla, Nicotiana umbratica, Nicotiana undulata, Nicotiana velutina, Nicotiana wigandioides, and Nicotiana x sanderae are air-cured and then processed according to according to any of the aforementioned Examples 1-5.
    • Example 8
  • Air cured tobacco, Nicotiana acaulis, is made from aged air cured leaf that is ground in a Whiley Mill using a 4 mm screen. The same exact setting is used to grind a second air cured tobacco, Nicotiana acuminata. An oven volatile is then run on each tobacco to determine its moisture content. Results from these studies are then used to calculate the needed RO water amount to bring the blend to 30 percent moisture. A range of blends is made over the course of several weeks and submitted to a taste panel. The ranges include 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, and 80 percent Nicotiana acuminata relative to Nicotiana acaulis. Each panelist receives a paired set of the blended samples and the placebo of the respective percentage as it was blended and is asked to evaluate within 2 days to eliminate any possibility of product age differences.
  • The placebo composition is a respective percentage blend of tobacco and cellulose. The cellulose is washed, dried, and compacted. The cellulose is used commercially as a flavor carrier. The specific characteristics of the cellulose is such that minimal flavor is introduced to the mixture by the cellulose itself.
  • During a blinded study, taste panels are asked to rate flavor characteristics such as tobacco satisfaction, bitterness, astringency, acridness, and tobacco aftertaste, and indicate their sample preference. A rating of 1 is considered poor as a rating of 10 is considered good.
    • OTHER EMBODIMENTS
  • The description of the specific embodiments of the invention is presented for the purposes of illustration. It is not intended to be exhaustive nor to limit the scope of the invention to the specific forms described herein. Although the invention has been described with reference to several embodiments, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention, as set forth in the claims. All patents, patent applications, and publications referenced herein are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Other embodiments are within the claims.

Claims (15)

1. A smokeless tobacco composition comprising a tobacco selected from the group consisting of Nicotiana acaulis, Nicotiana acuminata, Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora, Nicotiana africana, Nicotiana alata, Nicotiana amplexicaulis, Nicotiana arentsii, Nicotiana attenuata, Nicotiana benavidesii, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana bonariensis, Nicotiana cavicola, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana cordifolia, Nicotiana corymbosa, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana excelsior, Nicotiana forgetiana, Nicotiana fragrans, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana goodspeedii, Nicotiana gossei, Nicotiana hybrid, Nicotiana ingulba, Nicotiana knightiana, Nicotiana langsdorffii, Nicotiana linearis, Nicotiana longiflora, Nicotiana maritima, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana miersii, Nicotiana noctiflora, Nicotiana nudicaulis, Nicotiana obtusifolia, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. is hesperis, Nicotiana otophora, Nicotiana paniculata, Nicotiana pauciflora, Nicotiana petunioides, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Nicotiana raimondii, Nicotiana repanda, Nicotiana rosulata, Nicotiana rosulata subsp. ingulba, Nicotiana rotundifolia, Nicotiana setchellii, Nicotiana simulans, Nicotiana solanifolia, Nicotiana spegazzinii, Nicotiana stocktonii, Nicotiana suaveolens, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana thyrsiflora, Nicotiana tomentosa, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Nicotiana trigonophylla, Nicotiana umbratica, Nicotiana undulata, Nicotiana velutina, Nicotiana wigandioides, and Nicotiana x sanderae.
2. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises a cured tobacco plant or leaf, lamina, or stem thereof.
3. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 2, wherein said composition comprises cured tobacco leaf material.
4. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises Nicotiana rustica.
5. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises Nicotiana tabacum.
6. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is for oral consumption.
7. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is a chewing tobacco, a snuff, a film, or a gel.
8. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises a flavor, a flavor masking agent, a sweetener, chlorophyll, a mineral, a botanical, or a breath freshening agent.
9. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises two of said tobaccos.
10. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises three of said tobaccos.
11. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises four of said tobaccos.
12. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises five of said tobaccos.
13. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises six of said tobaccos.
14. The smokeless tobacco composition of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises seven or more of said tobaccos.
15. A method of providing tobacco satisfaction, said method comprising introducing into the mouth the composition of claim 1.
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