US20050030416A1 - Image capturing device - Google Patents
Image capturing device Download PDFInfo
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- US20050030416A1 US20050030416A1 US10/909,409 US90940904A US2005030416A1 US 20050030416 A1 US20050030416 A1 US 20050030416A1 US 90940904 A US90940904 A US 90940904A US 2005030416 A1 US2005030416 A1 US 2005030416A1
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Images
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- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B15/00—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to such image capturing devices as movie-type equipment, CCD cameras, CMOS imagers, and silver halide cameras employing LED device(s) as illumination source(s); and in particular, relates to image capturing devices permitting increased effective luminance of illumination source(s) employing LED device(s).
- R, G, and B light emitting diodes As compared with xenon discharge tubes and the like, use of R, G, and B LEDs is advantageous because adjustment of light source color temperature is facilitated, less time is required for power supply charging and discharging, and so forth.
- FIG. 8 is a graph (Id-Po characteristics) showing the relationship between LED drive current Id and luminance (optical output Po) in the conventional art.
- LED luminance (optical output Po) is roughly proportional to electric current (drive current Id) when the amount of current flowing through the LED is small.
- drive current Id is large, ⁇ decreases due to generation of heat by the LED element, and optical output Po saturates at maximum value Po 1 as indicated by the curve shown in FIG. 8 . That is, no matter how large LED drive current is made, LED luminance does not exceed some fixed limit; and it is consequently impossible to obtain luminance as necessary for flash use.
- power consumption Pd should also increase by a factor of 2.5, going from between 40 mW and 78 mW to between 100 mW and 195 mW. And yet, power consumption Pd actually increases by more than a factor of 2.5.
- the present invention was conceived in light of such problems in the conventional art, it being an object thereof, where LED(s) is/are used as flash apparatus(es), to provide an image capturing device permitting increased effective luminance of camera flash(es) employing LED(s). It is moreover an object to provide an image capturing device that will simultaneously permit increased flash effective luminance as well as increased life of LED(s) employed and so forth.
- an image capturing device in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention may comprise a plurality of light emitting diodes used as one or more illumination sources and respectively emitting light of different colors; wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes are respectively made to emit light in pulsed fashion in turn by emitted color during one or more exposure times.
- the plurality of light emitting diodes emitting light of different colors combination(s) of light emitting diodes emitting red, green, and blue (the colors referred to as “the three primary colors”) may, for example, be cited. Use of the three primary colors will make it possible to faithfully reproduce the color balance of the photographic subject.
- exposure time(s) may correspond to time(s) during which such shutter(s) is/are open (as determined by shutter speed(s)).
- timing with which light emitting diode(s) is/are made to emit light may be such that timing(s) of each emitted color is/are completely different from that or those of the other(s), the timing with which any two colors, for example, are emitted may partially or completely overlap.
- image capturing device(s) in accordance with embodiment(s) of the present invention because plurality of light emitting diodes used as illumination source(s) are not driven continuously throughout entire exposure time(s) but are driven in pulsed fashion in turn by emitted color, it is possible to suppress generation of heat by light emitting diode element(s) and reduce adverse effect(s) on luminous efficiency, making it possible to achieve higher light emitting diode drive current value(s) at which optical output saturates than would be the case had light emitting diode(s) been driven continuously.
- the plurality of light emitting diodes may be made to sequentially emit light in pulsed fashion in turn by emitted color during at least one of the exposure time or times. Moreover, the plurality of light emitting diodes may be made to sequentially emit light in pulsed fashion in turn by emitted color over multiple iterations during at least one of the exposure time or times.
- plurality of light emitting diodes used as illumination source(s) may be sequentially driven in pulsed fashion in turn by emitted color. It is possible to suppress generation of heat by light emitting diode element(s) itself or themselves and to suppress effect(s) of generation of heat exerted between or among light emitting diode elements of different emitted colors, making it possible to achieve higher light emitting diode drive current value(s) at which optical output saturates than would be the case had light emitting diode(s) been driven continuously.
- one or more image capturing elements in the image capturing device may be electronic; in correspondence to at least one timing with which the plurality of light emitting diodes are made to emit light in turn by emitted color, one or more monochromatic images corresponding to at least one of the emitted color or colors may be respectively acquired by at least a portion of the image capturing element or elements; and one or more color images may be formed by combining at least a portion of the respective acquired monochromatic image or images.
- image capturing device(s) in accordance with such embodiment(s) of the present invention, because it is possible to do without filter(s) at individual element(s), all image capturing elements may be utilized in acquiring monochromatic image(s). This being the case, where the same image capturing element(s) is/are used it will be possible to obtain color image(s) having three times the resolution, or if color image(s) of the same resolution is/are to be obtained it will be sufficient to use one-third the number of image capturing elements.
- At least one luminous intensity and at least one total illumination time for each of the plurality of light emitting diodes during at least one of the exposure time or times may respectively be made variable.
- at least one luminous intensity and at least one total illumination time for each of the plurality of light emitting diodes during at least one of the exposure time or times may be varied, altering at least one ratio between or among luminous intensity time integrals of at least a portion of the respective colors.
- at least one luminous intensity and at least one total illumination time for each of the plurality of light emitting diodes during at least one of the exposure time or times may be varied by at least one substantially identical ratio.
- image capturing device(s) in accordance with such embodiment(s) of the present invention, where it is possible to vary luminous intensity or intensities and total illumination time(s) for plurality of light emitting diodes used as illumination source(s), altering ratio(s) between or among luminous intensity time integrals of respective colors, it will be possible to adjust illumination source color balance(s). Furthermore, by varying luminous intensity or intensities and total illumination time(s) for respective color(s) by substantially identical ratio(s), it will be possible to adjust total exposure dose(s) produced by illumination source(s) while maintaining illumination source color balance(s).
- image capturing device(s) in accordance with embodiment(s) of the present invention may further comprise one or more luminous energy detection means for detecting light incident thereon after passing through one or more photographic lenses of the image capturing device; at least one of the illumination source or sources may be made to emit light prior to at least one of the exposure or exposures; and one or more exposure conditions may be set based on at least one result of detection carried out by at least one of the luminous energy detection means at at least one time when at least one of the illumination source or sources is made to emit light prior to at least one of the exposure or exposures.
- the exposure condition or conditions set based on at least one result of detection carried out by at least one of the luminous energy detection means may include at least one shutter speed.
- effect(s) of illumination by illumination source(s) may be accurately detected prior to exposure(s), and exposure condition(s) (e.g., exposure time(s) as determined by shutter speed(s) and/or the like) may be appropriately set based on result(s) of such detection.
- exposure condition(s) e.g., exposure time(s) as determined by shutter speed(s) and/or the like
- exposure time during flash photography determined conventionally based on flash intensity or the like, to be accurately determined by means of exposure control apparatus(es) internal to image capturing device(s) in similar manner as was the case with ordinary photography.
- At least one illuminative locus of at least one of the illumination source or sources may be varied in correspondence to at least one photographic field angle of the image capturing device.
- at least one of the illumination source or sources may have a plurality of light emitting diodes respectively irradiating light in different directions.
- variable-magnification optical system(s) is/are arranged in front of illumination source(s), magnification-varying operation(s) of such variable-magnification optical system(s) being linked to change(s) in photographic field angle(s) of image capturing device(s), may for example be cited.
- plurality of light emitting diodes may be arranged such that directions in which light is irradiated thereby are different, such light emitting diodes being selectively made to emit light in linked fashion with change(s) in photographic field angle(s) such that only light emitting diode(s) corresponding to location(s) within photographic field angle(s) is/are made to emit light.
- Image capturing device(s) in accordance with such embodiment(s) of the present invention make it possible to achieve appropriate illumination in correspondence to change(s) in photographic field angle(s) of image capturing device(s).
- Causing plurality of light emitting diodes to be selectively made to emit light in linked fashion with change(s) in photographic field angle(s) such that only light emitting diode(s) corresponding to location(s) within photographic field angle(s) is/are made to emit light makes it possible to eliminate waste and so forth associated with illumination of location(s) outside photographic field angle(s) by light emitting diode(s).
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the external appearance of a camera associated with a first embodiment of the image capturing device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 ( a ) is a top view showing constitution of LED devices for flash use in a camera associated with a first embodiment of the image capturing device of the present invention
- FIG. 2 ( b ) is a view of section II-II indicated in FIG. 2 ( a ).
- FIG. 3 is a graph (Id-Po characteristics) showing the manner in which the relationship between LED drive current Id and optical output Po might change with changing LED drive pulsewidth and so forth.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing change in optical output Po over time when LED element drive current is held constant.
- FIG. 5 ( a ) indicates when a shutter might be open and when it might be closed in an example of a drive signal timing chart for LEDs for flash use in a camera associated with a first embodiment of the image capturing device of the present invention
- FIG. 5 ( b ) shows the corresponding LED drive signals.
- FIG. 6 ( a ) indicates when a shutter might be open and when it might be closed in another example of a drive signal timing chart for LEDs for flash use in a camera associated with a first embodiment of the image capturing device of the present invention; and FIG. 6 (b) shows the corresponding LED drive signals.
- FIG. 7 ( a ) indicates when a shutter might be open and when it might be closed in an example of a drive signal timing chart for LEDs for flash use in a camera associated with a second embodiment of the image capturing device of the present invention
- FIG. 7 ( b ) shows the corresponding LED drive signals.
- FIG. 8 is a graph (Id-Po characteristics) showing the relationship between LED drive current Id and luminance (optical output Po) in the conventional art.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing spectral sensitivity characteristics of conventional CCDs.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing spectral sensitivity characteristics of a conventional CMOS.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the external appearance of a camera associated with a first embodiment of the image capturing device of the present invention. Note that this camera is assumed to use silver halide film.
- photographic lens 130 equipped with multibarrel lens barrel is arranged toward the bottom in roughly the central region of the front of body 101 of squat box-shaped camera 100 .
- This photographic lens 130 can be extended and/or retracted as a result of actuation by actuating member(s), not shown; extension and/or retraction of photographic lens 130 permitting change in photographic magnification.
- Three LED devices 120 for flash use are arranged at protruding region 102 formed in the upper right region at the front of camera body 101 . These LED devices 120 for flash use are arranged so as to permit light to respectively be irradiated centrally within the field angle of photographic lens 130 as well as to the left and right thereof.
- shutter button 110 Arranged near the left edge of the top of camera body 101 is shutter button 110 , actuation of this shutter button 110 causing photograph(s) to be taken by camera 100 .
- variable-magnification optical system(s) may be arranged in front of flash LED device(s) 120 , and magnification-varying operation(s) of such variable-magnification optical system(s) may be linked to change(s) in photographic field angle(s) accompanying extension and/or retraction of photographic lens 130 so as to alter illuminative locus or loci of flash LED device(s) 120 .
- constitutions such as that in which diffuser plate(s) is/are provided in front of flash LED device(s) 120 may be adopted.
- FIG. 2 ( a ) is a top view showing constitution of LED devices for flash use in a camera associated with a first embodiment of the image capturing device of the present invention
- FIG. 2 ( b ) is a view of section II-II indicated in FIG. 2 ( a ).
- red LED element 8 As shown at FIG. 2 ( a ), at flash LED device 120 , red LED element 8 , blue LED element 9 , and green LED element 10 are housed within a single package 20 which is box-like in shape and has cross-section in the shape of a square with rounded corners.
- Lead frames 1 , 2 , 3 and lead frames 4 , 5 , 6 are arranged in mutual opposition at the lower portion of package 20 . These lead frames 1 through 6 are made to form an integral structure as a result of conventional insert molding with Amodel or other such white resin 11 making up the upper portion of package 20 .
- Recess 20 a in the shape of a round, shallow bowl of diameter slightly smaller than package 20 , is formed at the top of package 20 so as to expose respective portions of lead frames 1 through 6 , and serves as location for receiving resin as well as for wire bonding.
- sidewall 20 b of recess 20 a also serves as reflecting surface.
- notch 20 c is formed at a top corner of package 20 above lead frame 4 , making it possible to determine the orientation of package 20 from the external appearance of package 20 .
- Rectangular-chip-type red LED element 8 , blue LED element 9 , and green LED element 10 are respectively mounted on lead frames 3 , 5 , and 1 at respective locations thereof exposed within recess 20 a .
- Red LED element 8 which is mounted on lead frame 3 is electrically connected by wire bonding by way of metal wire 7 a to lead frame 6 which is arranged opposite lead frame 3 and serves as the other electrode paired therewith.
- Blue LED element 9 which is mounted on lead frame 5 is electrically connected by wire bonding by way of metal wire 7 b to lead frame 2 which is arranged opposite lead frame 5 and serves as the other electrode paired therewith.
- green LED element 10 which is mounted on lead frame 1 is electrically connected by wire bonding by way of metal wire 7 c to lead frame 4 which is arranged opposite lead frame 1 and serves as the other electrode paired therewith.
- recess 20 a of package 20 is encapsulated with epoxy-type transparent resin 12 , preventing deterioration of the respective LED elements.
- red LED element 8 , blue LED element 9 , and green LED element 10 are arranged so as to be as close to each other as possible in order to facilitate mixing of colors (improve color mixture characteristics) of the respective LED elements. That is, consideration may be made for causing distances between and/or among lead frames to be as small as possible, for arranging respective LED elements at the vertices of a roughly equilateral triangle, and/or the like.
- lead frame area at the side on which the chip is mounted may be made as large as possible, while lead frame area at the side to which the wire is directly bonded may be made small.
- transparent resin 12 may be made to contain filler(s) and/or void(s).
- thickness of lead frame 5 is different at the region 5 a thereof at which blue LED element 9 is mounted than it is for other locations thereof. More specifically, whereas thickness T2 of mounting region 5 a is on the order of 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm, thickness Ti at other locations is on the order of 0.3 mm; the reason for which is as follows.
- the lead frame is made thick, then a great deal of force will be required during cutting thereof, making formation of a gap at the region of the cut unavoidable. Where this is the case, it will only be possible during working thereof to achieve a distance between lead frames that is on the same order as the thickness thereof or possibly on the order of three-fourths of the thickness thereof. Accordingly, where distance between lead frames is to be made small in order to improve color mixture characteristics, it will not be possible to employ lead frames that are very thick. And it will also be necessary to keep the lead frame thin at locations thereof at which the LED element is not mounted so as to avoid difficulty when the lead frame is bent into shape.
- FIG. 3 is a graph (Id-Po characteristics) showing the manner in which the relationship between LED drive current Id and optical output Po might change with changing LED drive pulsewidth and so forth.
- curve G 31 indicating Id-Po characteristics of one LED among three LEDs (these being R, G, and B) when these are driven simultaneously in CW fashion to produce emission of white light, has maximum optical output Po 1 .
- Curves G 32 and G 33 respectively indicating Id-Po characteristics of any one among the R, G, and B LEDs when driven with drive pulsewidth 2 msec and 0.2 msec, respectively have maximum optical outputs Po 2 and Po 3 .
- LED drive conditions per se are identical to those at curve G 33 , but the Id-Po characteristics indicated are for when the thickness in the region of the lead frame at which the LED chip is mounted is 0.6 mm, this being greater than at other locations.
- Curves G 31 through G 34 all indicate that optical output Po is roughly proportional to drive current Id when LED drive current Id is small, but that optical output Po begins to saturate as drive current Id grows larger.
- output saturates at roughly the same optical output Po 1 regardless of the thickness at the frame region at which the LED chip is mounted.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing change in optical output Po over time when LED element drive current is held constant. Curve G 41 indicates driving in pulsed fashion, and curve G 42 indicates driving in CW fashion, total amount of luminous energy being the same in either case.
- optical output falls off more rapidly for CW drive than for pulsed drive is thought to be due to the fact that separation of encapsulant resin occurring as result of the effect of heating accompanying emission of light by LED element(s) causes occurrence of optical losses at the interface between resin and air, and due to the fact that exposure of LED element(s) to air as a result of separation of encapsulant resin promotes deterioration of LED element(s).
- FIG. 5 ( a ) indicates when a shutter might be open and when it might be closed in an example of a drive signal timing chart for LEDs for flash use in a camera associated with a first embodiment of the image capturing device of the present invention
- FIG. 5 ( b ) shows the corresponding LED drive signals. Note as mentioned above that this camera is assumed to use silver halide film.
- FIG. 5 ( a ) it will be assumed for purposes of discussion that during flash photography the time during which the camera shutter is open might conventionally be on the order of ⁇ fraction (1/100) ⁇ of a second.
- FIG. 5 ( b ) when LED elements of respective colors R, G, and B are sequentially made to emit light with different timings but such that each is made to emit light for 2 msec, it is possible to make each LED element in its turn emit light in pulsed fashion over one iteration during the time when the shutter is open.
- the total exposure dose imparted when R, G, and B LED elements are made to emit light as a result of being driven simultaneously in CW fashion throughout the entire exposure time during which the shutter is open (10 msec) is taken to be 1.
- the LED elements of the respective colors are each in its turn separately made to emit light for a drive pulsewidth of 2 msec over one iteration, where maximum optical output Po is held to the same value the total exposure dose obtained as determined by the fraction of time that each LED is emitting light (2 msec/10 msec) will be only 1 ⁇ 5.
- each LED element is made to emit light for a drive pulsewidth of 2 msec (curve G 32 in FIG. 3 )
- a maximum optical output Po that is two or more times the value that would be obtained were driving to have been carried out in CW fashion to produce emission of light. Accordingly, a total exposure dose of up to on the order of 2 ⁇ 5 can be attained. Because the value of the time integral of electric current which is required need only be on the order of 2 ⁇ 5 that which would be required had driving been carried out in CW fashion, this is suited, for example, to use in applications such as where compensation of backlighting is carried out at bright locations.
- LED elements of respective colors are driven with different timings, it is possible to avoid situations such as occur when respective LEDs are driven simultaneously and drive currents Id overlap, with excessive load being placed on image capturing device power supply or supplies. Or it will be possible by driving LED elements with different timings to obtain higher drive current(s) Id without placing excessive load on image capturing device power supply or supplies than would be the case were the LED elements driven simultaneously.
- LED drive currents Id, illumination timings, and illumination times for respective colors R, G, and B are made variable.
- LED drive currents Id for respective colors R, G, and B may be varied over range(s) within which optical output(s) Po do not saturate so as to alter ratio(s) between or among luminescent intensities of respective colors, and/or ratio(s) between or among total illumination times for respective colors may be varied while LED drive currents Id for respective colors are left unchanged. Or alteration of ratio(s) between or among total illumination times for respective colors may be combined with alteration of LED drive currents Id for respective colors. In this way, it is possible to alter ratio(s) between or among exposure doses (time integrals of luminescent intensity) for respective colors, flash color balance being determined by ratio(s) between or among exposure doses for respective colors as modified by such alteration.
- adjustment of total exposure dose(s) produced by flash(es) may be accomplished by causing LED drive currents Id for respective colors to be altered by the same ratio, by causing total illumination times for respective colors to be altered by the same ratio, or by combination of these types of alteration. In this way, it is possible to alter total exposure dose(s) produced by flash(es) while preserving flash color balance.
- FIG. 6 ( a ) indicates when a shutter might be open and when it might be closed in another example of a drive signal timing chart for LEDs for flash use in a camera associated with a first embodiment of the image capturing device of the present invention; and FIG. 6 (b) shows the corresponding LED drive signals.
- the total exposure dose imparted when R, G, and B LED elements are made to emit light as a result of being driven simultaneously in CW fashion throughout the entire exposure time during which the shutter is open (10 msec) is taken to be 1.
- the LED elements of the respective colors are each in its turn separately made to emit light with drive pulsewidth equal to 0.2 msec over 16 iterations, where maximum optical output Po is held to the same value the total exposure dose obtained as determined by the fraction of time that each LED is emitting light (16 ⁇ 0.2 msec/10 msec) will be only 0.32.
- each LED element is made to emit light for a drive pulsewidth of 0.2 msec (curve G 33 in FIG. 3 )
- the thickness of the frame in the region at which the LED chip is mounted is made 0.6 mm (curve G 34 in FIG.
- the timing with which two LED elements are made to emit light may be such as to cause them to overlap. By so doing, it may be possible to further increase exposure dose imparted during the time during which exposure is taking place while the shutter is open.
- this method will be effective, since causing the G LED chip to turn ON before the R LED chip has turned OFF will have almost no thermal effect.
- LEDs may still be desirable to cause LEDs to emit light by driving them in pulsed fashion. This is because, as has been described with reference to FIG. 4 , pulsed drive better permits suppression of LED element deterioration, making it possible to achieve lengthened LED element life, improved reliability, and so forth.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the image capturing device may be movie-type equipment capable of carrying out motion-picture photography; in which case, for each motion-picture frame (whether it be film or video), LED(s) used as flash apparatus(es) might be driven in pulsed fashion so as to be made to emit light during the time when the shutter is open.
- FIG. 7 ( a ) indicates when a shutter might be open and when it might be closed in an example of a drive signal timing chart for LEDs for flash use in a camera associated with a second embodiment of the image capturing device of the present invention; and FIG. 7 ( b ) shows the corresponding LED drive signals. Note that because, except for the features mentioned below, the second embodiment is identical to the first embodiment which was described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 6 , only those aspects that are different therefrom will be described here.
- LED element(s) Internal to this camera is/are monitoring light-receiving element(s) capable of measuring amount(s) of light impinging on image capturing element(s) after passing through photographic lens(es).
- LED element(s) is/are used as flash apparatus(es)
- respective R, G, and B LED elements are made to emit light in preliminary fashion at the same conditions (same pulsewidth(s), time(s) between pulses, intensity ratio(s), and so forth) as during flash photography.
- optimum exposure time(s) is/are calculated based on signal output(s) produced as a result of such preillumination, and shutter speed(s) for flash photography is/are determined.
- shutter speed is set so as to obtain a duration that is 16 times the time required for preillumination.
- a full-color signal might be obtained by applying red filter(s), green filter(s), and/or the like at individual image capturing element(s), where image capturing device(s) in accordance with embodiment(s) of the present invention is/are employed it may be possible to do without filter(s) at individual image capturing element(s).
- Monochromatic images respectively corresponding to colors emitted by LED elements may be acquired through a method in which, for example, only red signal(s) is/are integrated while R LED element(s) is/are emitting light, and only green signal(s) is/are integrated while G LED element(s) is/are emitting light.
- all image capturing elements may be utilized in acquiring monochromatic image(s). This being the case, where the same image capturing element(s) is/are used it will be possible to obtain color image(s) having three times the resolution, or if color image(s) of the same resolution is/are to be obtained it will be sufficient to use one-third the number of image capturing elements.
- element(s) with filter(s) is/are not employed, there may be a problem in that it may no longer be possible to carry out conventional photography, i.e., photography not accompanied by illumination produced by flash apparatus(es).
- element(s) with filter(s) could be employed, sensitivity of red-filtered element(s) with respect to emission of R light, sensitivity of green-filtered element(s) with respect thereto, and so forth being stored in advance in memory, and by employing a method in which signals are integrated in turn by color only during flash photography, it will be possible to enjoy the advantages of ability to obtain higher resolution during flash photography while still being able to carry out conventional photography.
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- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Studio Devices (AREA)
- Stroboscope Apparatuses (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
- Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)
- Exposure Control For Cameras (AREA)
- Discharge-Lamp Control Circuits And Pulse- Feed Circuits (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
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US12/496,755 US8687109B2 (en) | 2003-08-04 | 2009-07-02 | Image capturing device having pulsed LED flash |
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CN101645442A (zh) | 2010-02-10 |
CN100523985C (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
US8687109B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
US20090268084A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
CN101645442B (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
CN1580930A (zh) | 2005-02-16 |
JP2005073227A (ja) | 2005-03-17 |
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