US20030152473A1

US20030152473A1 - Scroll-type compressors

Info

Publication number: US20030152473A1
Application number: US10/357,386
Authority: US
Inventors: Shigeru Ito; Masaaki Takahashi; Masaaki Takahata; Kiyofumi Ito
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Sanden Corp
Priority date: 2002-02-12
Filing date: 2003-02-04
Publication date: 2003-08-14
Also published as: JP2003232286A

Abstract

A scroll-type compressor includes a housing including a suction chamber and a discharge chamber. The compressor also includes a fixed scroll including a first spiral element, and an orbiting scroll including a second spiral element. Specifically, the orbiting scroll is positioned inside the suction chamber, and the first spiral element and the second spiral element interfit with each other to form a fluid pocket. Moreover, the compressor includes a driving mechanism for moving the orbiting scroll in an orbiting motion, a rotation prevention mechanism for preventing the orbiting scroll from rotating, and a communication path formed at a lower portion of the fixed scroll. Specifically, the communication path allows fluid communication between a lower portion of the discharge chamber and a lower portion of the suction chamber.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to scroll-type compressors. In particular, the invention is directed to scroll-type compressors in which a length of a communication path between a discharge chamber and a suction chamber is reduced.

2. Description of Related Art

Known scroll-type compressors, such as the compressor described in Japanese Patent (Unexamined) Patent Publication No. H11-82335, include a housing, and the housing includes a front housing, a shell, and a rear housing. Such known compressors also include a fixed scroll including a first spiral element, and an orbiting scroll including a second spiral element. The spiral elements interfit with one another to form a sealed-off fluid pocket. Such known compressors further includes a driving mechanism to drive the orbiting scroll in an orbiting motion, and a rotation preventing mechanism to prevent the orbiting a scroll from rotating. The orbiting scroll, the fixed scroll, the driving mechanism, and the rotation preventing mechanism are positioned inside the housing. Further, such known compressors also include a suction chamber and a discharge chamber, and the fixed scroll separates the suction chamber from the discharge chamber. The driving mechanism and the rotation preventing mechanism are positioned inside the suction chamber. Moreover, a communication path is formed through the fixed scroll, and a gasket is inserted between the fixed scroll and the rear housing to allow fluid communication between a lower portion of the discharge chamber and an upper portion of the suction chamber.

In such known compressors, a refrigerant gas is introduced into the suction chamber via an external refrigerant circuit. Moreover, lubricating oil suspended in the refrigerant gas lubricates the driving mechanism, the rotation preventing mechanism, and sliding portions located between the fixed scroll and the orbiting scroll. Specifically, during operation, the lubricating oil separates from the refrigerant gas, and accumulates in a lower portion of the discharge chamber. This accumulated lubricating oil flows to an upper portion of the suction chamber via the communication path, when a pressure in the discharge chamber is greater than a pressure in the suction chamber, and subsequently flows from the upper portion of the suction chamber to a lower portion of the suction chamber. When the lubricating oil flows from the upper portion of the suction chamber to the lower portion of the suction chamber, the lubricating oil lubricates the driving mechanism, the rotation preventing mechanism, and the sliding portions located between the fixed scroll and the orbiting scroll. Moreover, when the refrigerant gas is discharged into an external refrigerant circuit via the discharge chamber, the discharged refrigerant does not include the lubricating oil because the lubricating oil previously was separated from the refrigerant gas. Therefore, efficiency of the external refrigerant circuit may increase. Nevertheless, in such known compressors, increase in the length of the communication path between the lower portion of the discharge chamber and the upper portion of the suction chamber tend to increase a complexity and a cost of forming the communication path.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, a need has arisen for scroll-type compressors which overcome these and other shortcomings of the related art. A technical advantage of the present invention is that the length of a communication path between a discharge chamber and a suction chamber is reduced relative to known compressors. Another technical advantage of the present invention is that lubricating oil flowing from the discharge chamber to the suction chamber lubricates particular compressor elements positioned inside the suction chamber.

In an embodiment of this invention, a scroll-type compressor comprises a housing comprising a suction chamber and a discharge chamber. The compressor also comprises a fixed scroll comprising a first spiral element, and an orbiting scroll comprising a second spiral element. Specifically, the orbiting scroll is positioned inside the suction chamber, and the first spiral element and the second spiral element interfit with each other to form a fluid pocket. Fluid is compressed within the fluid pocket during operation of the compressor. Moreover, the compressor comprises a driving mechanism for moving the orbiting scroll in an orbiting motion, a rotation prevention mechanism for preventing the orbiting scroll from rotating, and a communication path formed at a lower portion of the fixed scroll. Specifically, the communication path allows fluid communication between a lower portion of the discharge chamber and a lower portion of the suction chamber. In this configuration, the length of the communication path is less than the length of known communication paths.

Other objects, features, and advantages will be apparent to persons of ordinary skill in the art from the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, the needs satisfied thereby, and the objects, features, and advantages thereof, reference now is made to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. [0009]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of a scroll-type compressor, according to an embodiment of the present invention. [0010]
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, side view of a scroll-type compressor, according to another embodiment of the present invention. [0011]
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of a scroll-type compressor, according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. [0012]
FIG. 4 is an enlarged, side view of a scroll-type compressor, according to still another embodiment of the present invention.[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of the present invention and their advantages may be understood by referring to FIGS. [0014] 1-4, like numerals being used for like corresponding parts in the various drawings.
Referring to FIG. 1, a scroll-[0015] type compressor 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Scroll-type compressor 100 may comprise a fixed scroll 1 and an orbiting scroll 2, and fixed scroll 1 and orbiting scroll 2 may be positioned inside a housing 4. Housing 4 may comprise a casing 4 a and a front housing 4 b. Fixed scroll 1 may comprise a first end plate 1 a, e.g., a first disc-shaped end plate, and a first spiral element 1 b extending from a first side of first end plate 1 a. Orbiting scroll 2 may comprise a second end plate 2 a, e.g., a second disc-shaped end plate, and a second spiral element 2 b extending from a first side of a second end plate 2 a. First spiral element 1 b and second spiral element 2 b may be formed along an involute curve, and also may interfit with each other to form a fluid pocket 3. Casing 4 a may be fixed to front housing 4 b by a plurality of bolts (not shown). Moreover, first end plate 1 a of fixed scroll 1 may be pressed fitted into and fixed to casing 4 a, such that first end plate 1 a divides an interior of casing 4 a into a suction chamber 5 and a discharge chamber 6.
An inlet port (not shown) may be formed through [0016] housing 4, and the inlet port may be in fluid communication with suction chamber 5. The inlet port also may be connected to an external refrigerant circuit at a low-pressure side of the external refrigerant circuit. An outlet port (not shown) may be formed through housing 4, and the outlet port is in fluid communication with discharge chamber 6. The outlet port also is connected to the external refrigerant circuit at a high-pressure side of the external refrigerant circuit.
[0017] Compressor 100 also may comprise a drive shaft 7 positioned inside housing 4. Drive shaft 7 may be rotatably supported by front housing 4 b via a pair of radial bearings 8 and 9. Moreover, a first end of drive shaft 7 may project outwardly through front housing 4 b. Compressor 100 further may comprise an electromagnetic clutch 10. Electromagnetic clutch 10 may be rotatably supported by front housing 4 b via a radial bearing 11 and also may be connected to drive shaft 7. Compressor 100 also may comprise an eccentric pin 12. Eccentric pin 12 may be fixed to a second end of drive shaft 7, and may project in a direction which is parallel to an axis of rotation of drive shaft 7. Eccentric pin 12 may be inserted into an eccentric bushing 13, and eccentric bushing 13 may be rotatably positioned inside an annular boss 2 c via a radial bearing 14. Annular boss 2 c may project from a second side of second end plate 2 a of orbiting scroll 2. Compressor 100 further may comprise a rotation prevention mechanism 15, e.g., a ball coupling. Rotation prevention mechanism 15 may be positioned between the second side of second end plate 2 a and an end surface of front housing 4 b. Rotation prevention mechanism 15 prevents orbiting scroll 2 from rotating, and also may allow orbiting scroll 2 to move in an orbital motion with respect to a center of fixed scroll 1.
Moreover, [0018] compressor 100 may comprise a discharge port 16 formed through a center of first end plate 1 a of fixed scroll 1. Discharge port 16 may be in fluid communication with discharge chamber 6 via a discharge valve 17. Compressor 100 also may comprise an obstruction plate 18 positioned inside discharge chamber 6 below discharge port 16, such that a clearance may exist between obstruction plate 18 and first end plate 1 a. Compressor 100 further may comprise an oil-storage chamber 6 a formed at a lower portion of discharge chamber 6. Oil-storage chamber 6 a may be enclosed by obstruction plate 18, first end plate 1 a, and casing 4 a. A communication path 19, e.g., a communication path having a substantially constant slope with respect to the axis of rotation of drive shaft 7, may allow fluid communication between a lower portion of oil-storage 6 a and a lower portion of suction chamber 5. Specifically, communication path 19 may be formed through a lower portion of first end plate 1 a and a lower portion of first spiral element 1 b. Communication path 19 may have a first portion 19 a at a side of, e.g., extending from, oil-storage chamber 6 a, and a second portion 19 b at a side of e.g., extending from, suction chamber 5. Communication path 19 also may have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape. Moreover, a length of first portion 19 a may be greater than a length of second portion 19 b. Similarly, a diameter of first portion 19 a may be greater than a diameter of second portion 19 b.
In operation, when a driving force is transferred from an external driving source, e.g., an engine of a vehicle, to drive [0019] shaft 7 via electromagnetic clutch 10, drive shaft 7 rotates. When drive shaft 7 rotates, orbiting scroll 2 moves in an orbital motion via eccentric pin 12. When orbiting scroll 2 moves in the orbital motion, fluid pocket 3 moves from an outer portion of spiral elements 1 b and 2 b to a center portion of spiral elements 1 b and 2 b. Subsequently, a refrigerant gas flows into fluid pocket 3 via suction chamber 5, and rotation prevention mechanism 15 prevents orbiting scroll 2 from rotating. Moreover, lubricating oil suspended in the refrigerant gas lubricates drive shaft 7, eccentric pin 12, eccentric bushing 13, radial bearings 8, 9, and 14, rotation prevention mechanism 15, and sliding portions located between fixed scroll 1 and orbiting scroll 2.
When [0020] fluid pocket 3 moves from the outer portions of spiral elements 1 b and 2 b to the center portions of spiral elements 1 b and 2 b, a volume of fluid pocket 3 decreases, and the refrigerant gas in fluid pocket 3 is compressed. The compressed refrigerant gas then flows through discharge port 16, displaces discharge valve 17, and enters into discharge chamber 6. The compressed refrigerant gas discharged into discharge chamber 6 then contacts a wall of discharge chamber 6, and the lubricating oil attaches to the wall of discharge chamber 6, such that the lubricating oil is separated from the compressed refrigerant gas. Subsequently, the lubricating oil flows into oil-storage chamber 6 a via the clearance between obstruction plate 18 and first end plate 1 a, and the lubricating oil accumulates in oil-storage chamber 6 a. Moreover, the compressed refrigerant gas without the lubricating oil is discharged into the external refrigerant circuit via the outlet port. Because the lubricating oil is separated from the compressed refrigerant gas, the efficiency of the external refrigerant circuit increases.
When a pressure in oil-[0021] storage chamber 6 a is greater than a pressure in suction chamber 5, the lubricating oil in oil-storage chamber 6 a flows to the lower portion of suction chamber 5 via communication path 19, and accumulates in the lower portion of suction chamber 5. Subsequently, the accumulated lubricating oil is carried to the upper portion of suction chamber 5 by orbiting scroll 2, eccentric busing 13, eccentric pin 12, or combinations thereof, e.g., when orbiting scroll 2 moves in an orbiting motion. This lubricating oil then flows in a downward direction and lubricates drive shaft 7, eccentric pin 12, eccentric bushing 13, radial bearings 8, 9, and 14, rotation prevention mechanism 15, and the sliding portions located between fixed scroll 1 and orbiting scroll 2.
In this embodiment of the present invention, because [0022] communication path 19 allows fluid communicated between the lower portion of oil-storage chamber 6 a and the lower portion of suction chamber 5, the length of communication path 19 may be reduced relative to the length of known communication paths. Moreover, because lubricating oil which accumulates in the lower portion of suction chamber 5 is carried to the upper portion of suction chamber 5, drive shaft 7, eccentric pin 12, eccentric bushing 13, radial bearings 8, 9, and 14, rotation prevention mechanism 15, and the sliding portions located between fixed scroll 1 and orbiting scroll 2 are lubricated when the carried lubricating oil flows in a downward direction. Further, because oil-storage chamber 6 a is formed at the lower portion of discharge chamber 6, lubricating oil which accumulates in oil-storage chamber 6 a may not enter a non-liquid state, and may flow to suction chamber 5 at a substantially constant flow rate.
Moreover, to maintain a level of the lubricating oil in oil-[0023] storage chamber 6 a above a predetermined oil level, the amount of the lubricating oil flowing through communication path 19 may be reduced relative to the amount of lubricating oil flowing through known communication paths, e.g., by reducing the diameter of communication path 19. Forming a communication path with a reduced diameter throughout a length of fixed scroll 1 may increase a difficulty of forming the communication path. Nevertheless, in this embodiment, a length and a diameter of first portion 19 a of communication path 19 may be greater than a length and a diameter of second portion 19 b of communication path 19. Therefore, the amount of the lubricating oil flowing through communication path 19 may be reduced without substantially increasing the difficulty of forming communication path 19.
Referring to FIG. 3, in a modification of this embodiment of the present invention, a [0024] filter 30 may be positioned at an end portion of communication path 19 at a side of oil-storage chamber 6 a. Filter 30 may substantially prevent foreign materials included in the lubricating oil from obstructing second portion 19 b of communication path 19.
Referring to FIG. 2, a scroll-type compressor according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, [0025] communication path 19 may be replaced by a communication path 19′ formed through first end plate 1 a of fixed scroll 1. Communication path 19′ may have a pair of first portions 19 a′, and a second portion 19 b′ connected to each first portion 19 a′. A length of each first portion 19 a′ may be greater than a length of second portion 19 b′. Similarly, a diameter of each first portion 19 a′ may be greater than a diameter of second portion 19 b′. Moreover, a slope of communication path 19′ may change over the length of communication path 19′ with respect to the axis of rotation of drive shaft 7. For example, a first of the pair of first portions 19 a′ and second portion 19 b′ may be substantially perpendicular to a second of the pair of first portions 19 a′. Because the slope of communication path 19′ is not constant, the length of communication path 19′ may be less than the length of communication path 19.
Referring to FIG. 4, in a modification of this embodiment of the present invention, a [0026] filter 30′ may be positioned at an end portion of communication path 19′ at a side of oil-storage chamber 6 a. Filter 30′ may substantially prevent foreign materials included in the lubricating oil from obstructing second portion 19 b′ of communication path 19′.
While the invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications of the preferred embodiments described above may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of the specification or practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and described examples are considered exemplary only, with the time scope and spirit of the invention indicated by the following claims. [0027]

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A scroll-type compressor comprising:

a housing comprising a suction chamber and a discharge chamber;

a fixed scroll comprising a first spiral element;

an orbiting scroll comprising a second spiral element, wherein the orbiting scroll is positioned inside the suction chamber, and the first spiral element and the second spiral element interfit with each other to form a fluid pocket;

a driving mechanism for moving the orbiting scroll in an orbiting motion;

a rotation prevention mechanism for preventing the orbiting scroll from rotating;

a communication path formed at a lower portion of the fixed scroll, wherein the communication path allows fluid communication between a lower portion of the discharge chamber and a lower portion of the suction chamber.

2. The scroll-type compressor of claim 1, further comprising an oil-storage chamber formed at the lower portion of the discharge chamber, wherein the communication path further allows fluid communication between the oil-storage chamber and the lower portion of the suction chamber.

3. The scroll-type compressor of claim 1, wherein a first portion of the communication path has a first diameter, a second portion of the communication path has a second diameter, and the first diameter is greater than the second diameter.

4. The scroll-type compressor of claim 1, further comprising a filter positioned at an end portion of the communication path at a side of the oil-storage chamber.

5. The scroll-type compressor of claim 1, wherein the communication path has a substantially constant slope.