US1913377A - Indirect lighting luminair - Google Patents

Description

June 13, 1933. w. A. DOREY INDIRECT LIGHTING LUMINAIR Filed Dec. 11, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR WWW/'0? A. 00/9. BY

ATTORNEY June 13, 1933. w. A. DOREY INDIRECT LIGHTING LUMINAIR 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 11, 1930 INVENTOR V1// ///0fl7 4- fiery. BY

ATTORNEY.

June 13, 1933. w. A. DOREY INDIRECT LIGHTING LUMINAIR 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 11, 1930 INVENTOR l l l /l d/fl 14- DOCS) BY w 1 a: f Wvv TvWwM/ J I w A a II ATTORNEY June 13, 1933. w. A. DOREY 1,913,377

INDIRECT LIGHTING LUMINAIR Filed Dec. 11, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 J INVENTOR l l f/fiam A, Dore ATTORNEY.

Patented June 13, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WILLIAM A. DOREY, OF NEWARK, OHIO, ASSIGNOR '10 HOLOPHANE COMPANY, INC., 03

NJ NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE m'nmncr LIGHTING LUMINAIB Application filed December 11, 1930. Serial No. 502,720.

An object of the present invention is to provide a luminair of the type'delivering in part to a lower reflector at an les which permit useful reflection toward t e ceiling. V The preferred form is that in which the light source is surrounded by a glass en-' velope, provided with a light directing and diffusing means; for instance, a prismatic glass refractor in which the prisms are calculated to emit rays directly outside and above the refractor as well as to emit such rays to the indirect reflector for redirection The present invention also relates "to luminairs of the type wherein the light source is totally inclosed within aglass en-' velope having properties of altering the direction of the light rays and with whichisassociated reflecting means, in the shape of suitable screening means, whereby the envelope is screened at all ordinary angles of observation (including substantially up to the horizontal). This screening means may be opaque so that the lightis totally indirect or maybe translucent so that the luminair may be luminous.

The present invention contemplates the provision of luminairs of this nature wherein the glass envelOpeis made'of refracting glass extending below the light source and adapted to be partially received within the screening means, the design of the refracting glass being such that substantially all the direct light received thereby is retransmitted at widely divergent angles above the screen for ceiling illumination over wide areas. Light which would otherwise strike the screen and be absorbed orscattered in uncontrolled directions is salvaged and placed on the ceiling as desired; In some cases it has been found desirable to provide a plurality of screens, and in such cases the light striking the top of one screen may be-scattered upwardly to illuminate the outer surface of a higher screen and eliminate shadows which it might cast on the ceiling.

The invention also contemplates-the employment of a reflector to receive the light which would otherwise pass down below the refractor and return it to the refracting glass envelope at such angles that it may be retransmitted thereby at widely divergent angles above the screen for ceiling illumination.

Where is is desired to obtain a luminair entirely luminous from below (a so-called semi-indirect eflect), the present invention contemplates the employment of a screen of diffusing glass which may be colored and ornamented as desired. The lower side of the luminair may be made entirely luminous by employing a prismatic glass reflector un- ..der the light source and concealing it within a. diffusing glass cover, which may be colored or ornamented. A further object is to provide a luminair in which the parts are designed not only for their 0 tical effect, but also with a view to ease of manufacture and assembly without sacrifice of accessibility for relamping or cleaning. The refractor, for convenience in manufacture, may be'made in two parts, oppositely dished to provide an inclosing envelope. The prisms are on the inside of the glass so that the outside is smooth and the meeting plane of these glass parts is placed above the light source. The glass is designed to handle all the direct light except that in the lower cone and to retransmit it outwardly and upwardly above the screen.

In some cases the upper glass partmay be supported directly on the lower part which in turn is supported from underneath, but,

where a pendant luminair is to have apendant lamp bulb removable from underneath, it is preferable to secure the glass refractors into a unit which may be supported in fixed position-relative to. the lamp socket. This unit may vconveniently include a socket holder, the two glass parts, a ring and ring supporting means for holding the glass parts together and between the ring and socket holder. -These supporting parts are preferably arranged so as to clamp the glass? parts together, and are interiorly disposed so that the outside of the unit is smooth and without exposed parts to cast shadows. The ring then affords a convenient means for the support of the screen or screens used to mask the refractor as well as the reflector which handles the lower cone of light. The

screens, reflector and its cover (where used)- fractor. Hence, this light, instead of being objectionable, is usefully employed.

Where the invention is embodied in units of large size, it is preferable to employ one or more supplemental screens above the main screen so as to completely mask the refractor, and a further object of the invention is to arrange the prisms on the refractor so" that th'ey produce sharply convergent beams above the screens so as to eliminate the shadow of the same.

The accompanying drawings show, for

purposes of illustrating the present invention, several forms in which it may be embodied, it being understood that the forms shown are merely illustrative of the invention ratherthan limiting the same.

In these drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view through one form of luminair employinga pendant bulb and opaque screens;

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view showing the paths of typical light rays directed from the unit of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an inverted plan-view of the luminair of Figure 1, with parts broken away;

Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the lower part of the luminair of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a sectional view similar to Figure 1 showing a form of luminair employing a translucent screen and bottom cover; Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view showing a luminair with multiple screens;

Figure 7 is a'fragmentary sectional view of a modified form of construction for securing the glass envelope in place;

Figure 8 1s a fragmentary view showing certain of the parts of Figure 7 in a different position; and

Figure 9 is a vertical sectional view power and Where a great number are used in a large room. Under these circumstances, a number of the lights will be in the field of view at very high angles and these will be troublesome unless the brightness of all parts is kept very low. In small rooms where the luminairs are not normally viewed at very high angles or in cases where small lamps are used, it is notessential that the refractor be screened up to very high angles providing some provision is made for taking care of the I reflections from the upper. part of the incandescent lamp bulbs which are ordinaril used in such luminairs. In addition to t is, if the lamps are of smaller candle power, it is quite possible to use transmitting diffusing shades without getting too high a brightness and then, when the upper part of the refractor is visible at high angles, the lack of contrast produces a good eflect which would not be available when an opaque shade is used. I i

As shown in the drawings, these units consist essentially of a light source L, glass envelope E made of two parts of refracting glass, as indicated'at' 3- and 4, a reflecting cup 5, an upwardly and outwardly extending screen 10, and a suitable arrangement of structural elements for supporting these light handling parts in proper position relative to one another and the light source, generally an incandescent lamp bulb. Reference characters without subscript are used in Figures 1-4, while the corresponding parts of Figure 5 are designated by the same reference characters with the subscript a. In some forms of construction, as, for instance, in Figures 1 and 6, supplemental screens 11 are employed.

The two part refractor forms an inclosing envelope for the light source and is adapted to receive all of the direct light emitted by the light source above the reflecting cup 5,

' as well as all of the light which is reflected upwardly by this cup. It has a smooth outside surface, indicated at 15 and 17 and is provided with interiorly disposed prisms for handling the direct and reflected light so as to direct substantially all of it upwardly onto the ceiling in a widely divergent beam.

The 'lower' retracting parts for both the large and small units may have the same optical design. This refractor is provided with a prismatic zone extending from below the horizontal to the upper part thereof. These prisms are indicated generally at 16. They -intercept the light which is emitted in gener the upper limit of refractor 4 or 4a and is refracted in the direction 20. The light emitteol from the refractor between the rays 19 and 20 will produce a ring of light at a considerable distance, from the center of the fixture.

If it were not for the screen or baflie 11, a logical design of the upper refractor 3 would be such that transmitted light from the lower edge would be thrown so as to lap the inside of this bright ring on the ceiling and light transmitted from higher points in the refractor would diverge gradually and continuously from this bottom ray so as to produce a uniform pattern inside of the bright ring produced by the lower refractor. If this be done, however, and the baffle ll-used, the baffle will cast a shadow on the ceiling in the general location between reference characters 21 and 21. In order to overcome this diflicult'y and at the same time reduce the amount of light striking thesupplemental screen 11, the following procedure is used: The omitted ray 22 passes through the refractor without deviation at 22 and laps the inner edge of the light ring from the lower refractor. Between light rays 22;and 23, the.

' light rays are concentrated slightly toward transmitted .ray 22 so as to keep excessive light away from the outer surface of the baflie 11. The transmitted rays between 22 and 23' are still slightly divergent, however,

so as to avoid any bright streak'on the ceiling. Light emitted between 23 and 24 will strike the baflle and be difl'usely reflected upwardly. Between these two limits, the light is transmitted unchanged indirection, as shown at 23 and 24". That portion ,of the refractor including the emitted rays between 24 and 25 is designed to converge the light rays sharply, as shown at 24 and" 25. These all cross at a considerable distance below the ceiling (as indicated in Figure 2) so the convergence will not produce any bright rings, and the beam from this convergent part will be thrown across the ceiling in the region where there isdanger of a shadow from the baflle 11. Between emitted ray 25 and emitted ray 26, the design of the refractor is such as to produce a somewhat divergent beam which. again traverses the region on the 'ceiling where there is a danger of shadow from the vbaflle. That portion of the refractor, in cluding emitted rays 26 to 27, is designed to give a wide divergence in the transmitted lightbetween 26 and 27 because the ceiling included by this beam is comparatively small and will also receive aincluded by the emitted rays 28 and 29 will retract the rays upwardly as shown at 28' and 29', so that they strike the shade 10 and are reflected upwardly at 28" and 29". Referring to Figure 2, it will be -noted that the beams between 28" and 29 spread over a wide portion of the ceiling which includes the portion 21 to 21" where there is danger of shadows' Reflector cup 5 is of such a shape as to deliver all the light striking it to the refractor at angles which permit its complete transmission above the shade 10. Referring to Figure 1, ray 30, emitted by the source, isreflected at 30 to the refractor 4 and is transmitted at 30". Ray 31, striking the bottom of the reflector, is reflected at 31 to refractor 3 and is transmitted at 31.' Emitted rays which are reflected between 30 and 31 are transmitted at angles which are slightly higher than the transmission directions of the light direct from the source but they maintain the same general characteristics of convergence above the shade 11 so that a substantial portion of the reflected li ht is delivered across the region 21 to 21 in Figure 2.

Light rays 35 and 36, emittedfrom the ex- I or 3a. If this upper glass were smooth,

these particular reflected rays would pass upwardly and, therefore, could not cause brightness below thehorizontal. Light rays from other portions of the light source will, of course,'be in part reflected at lower angles so as to be troublesome, If the refractor 3 or 3a'be designed to bend light directly from the source outwardly, it willalso bend these reflecting rays outwardly and downwardly so-as to increase the amount of brightnessbelow the horizontal, unless some means is taken to intercept them. In this construe}, tion, the prisms on refractor 3 are so deper edge of shades 10, 11, or a.

the top edge of shade 10a and signed as to deflect 35 downwardly sharply at 35", and 36 slightly downwardly at 36". These two emitted light rays caused by the bulbreflections are caught by the up- These tWo bulb reflections are the upper extremes of all that can occur, and the balance of the bulb reflections will, therefore, be thrown' into the shade at lower angles, so that none of the filament images due to bulb reflections will be visible atv any point below the horizontal. I i

' As shown in Fi ure 5, emitted rays 37 and 38, coming direct y from the center of the light source, strike the refractor 3a, at substantially the same points as bulb reflections 35 and 36 and are refracted outwardly in the rays 37 and 38. Intermediate rays between 37 and 38 will be refracted in intermediate directions so as to form a broad, slightly divergent, beam between the lines 37' and 38'. Light rays 39 and 40, coming directly from the center of the light source, strike the lower refractor 4a and are refracted upwardly and outwardly at a wide angle along the lines 39 and 40. Rays intermediate between these two limits are refracted in the same general direction so as to produce a fairly concentrated beam just missing overlapping the beam produced by the upper refractor 3w.

Light ray 41, direct from the center of the light source, is refracted at 41 to theinner surface of the shade 10a. and, in part, will be diffusely reflected upwardly and, in art, diffusely transmitted downwardly. ay 41 is typical of a number of rays refracted from various parts of the light source which will operate to make'the outside of shade 10w of a uniform low brightness and will, in part, be diffused upwardly so as to light up that portion of the ceiling lying inside of the bright ring where the refracted beams are intercepted. The extreme upward ray 42, from the center of the light source, is transmitted without change of direction at 42. That portion of the refractor lying between rays 37 and-42 will refract the light in a spread emergent beam between 37 and 42'. i v

The reflector cup 501ismade of glass with the reflecting prisms 43 on its exterior surface. This reflector reflect light rays in the same general directions as indicated in the case of Figure 1, but a small portion I of the light will be transmitted through the glass and scattered thereby.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that the luminair is so arranged as to produce a very wide distribution of light in upward directions so as to illuminate the ceiling over;

wide areas. The refractor and reflector control all the light produced, the refractor fractor in useful directions and yet produces no shadow on the ceiling.

Structural arrangement The forms of luminair shown in Figs. 1 to 6 employ pendant lamp bulbs 50, carried in lamp sockets 51, secured in any suitable manner inside socket covers or fitters 52-. These may be made of cast metal and extend downwardly at 53 below a flange 54 to receive the upper end or neck 55 of the upper glass refractor 3 or 3w.

The casting 52 has three diagonal holes 57, placed near its lower edge and adapted to receive three wires or tension members 58. The upper ends of these wires are headed, as indicated at 59, and the lower ends are threaded, as indicated at 60 in Figureft, to receive nuts 51 slotted, as indicated in Figure 3,for a screw driver. The rods 58 are employed to support a ring 65, adapted to carry the refractor, screens and reflector. The rods pass through inwardly extending lugs 66, as indicated in Figures 3 and 4, and the nuts 61 are employed to support me ring and to clamp it against the lower edge of the lower refractor 4, a gasket 67 being interposed as indicated. It will be noted that the rods 58 are disposed inside the envelope, that they are ver small and that they may be readily place under tension so as to clamp the two parts of the envelope ,onto screws 72 which pass down.through the ring 65.

' The screen 10 extends inwardly and is apertured as indicated in Figure 4 so as to be passed up along the screws 72 before the sliding members 70 and nuts 71 are placed thereon. The supplemental screen 11 is supported by straps 75, riveted or otherwise secured to the lower screen 10.

The reflector 5 carries a central downwardly extending bolt 76, adapted to support'a sheet metal cover plate 77 by meansv of a nut 78. This cover plate is thus supported from the reflector and is held up against the screen so as to conceal the reflector and mechanical devices employed to secure the parts together.

When one desires to relamp theluminair, it is only necessary to remove the nuts 78 and cover plate 77, loosen the thumb nuts 71, and move the sliders so as to release the reflector 5. This will give access to the lamp bulb. It also gives access to the slotted nuts 61 so that they may be tightened, if desired. To remove the screens for cleaning them, it is only necessary to take off the nuts 71 and members 70.

In the form shown in Figure 5, the supporting ring 65a, generally similar to the ring 65, is provided with three outwardly extending supporting members 80, adapted to receive the lower edge 81 of the diffusing glass screen 10a. The screen 1011' may be removed from the ring by raising it and moving it sidewise to clear one of the extensions, after which it is moved sidewise again toclear the other extensions. The reflector 5a is held in place by slidable members 700;,

similar to the members'70. This reflector 5a ploying generally the same arrangement of.

glass but with a main screen 90 and a lu rality of supplemental screens 91. The hght rays are emitted from the glass in such a manner as to produce sharply convergent beams above the supplemental screens so as to eliminate the shadows of these screens and so as to produce a widely convergent beam of light directed above the horizontal.

In the modification shown in Figure 7 it is contemplated that the refracting envelope and the mask and reflector ma be the same' as previously described. The supporting ring 656 underneath the refractor may support the mask and reflector in the same mannor as shown in Figures 1 to 5. Thissupporting'ring is carried on the lower end of rods 58?) made, for example, in the form of twisted straps of flat'metal. The lower ends of these rods or straps are riveted to the 'rin 656, as indicated at 90. These stra s extend upwardly through the interior 0 the refractor and are twisted so as to presentthe narrow face toward the light ra s. 'These straps are formed so as to norina 1y have at their upper ends a somewhatgreater radius than the upper opening'in the refractor, and the upper extremities of the rods orstraps are provided with a flaring portion 91 and above that a hook portion 92. When the refractor is to be placed on the supporting ring, the lower part passes down readily, then the upper part is passed down readily, the three prongs being flexed inwardly to permitthem to pass through the opening in the refractor. The sloping surface 91 will hold the two pieces of the refractor together so that they may be conveniently handled in attaching'them to the fixture. This position of the parts in indicated in Figure 8.

The socket cover 52b is threaded on a portion of its outer surface, as indicated at 93, to cooperate with a threaded retaining ring 94. The socket cover 52?) is also provided at its lower extremity with a head 95 of the same contour as the prongs or hooks 92. Before the glass and holder have been placed on the fixture the retaining ring 94 is placed in a position where the bevelled shoulder 96 is slightly above the center of the bead 95. When the prong is shoved upward,'the hook 92 strikes the shoulder 96 and is pushed slightly inward and then, when the retaining ring 94 is screwed downward, it binds the hook 97 on the head 95. The inside of the retaining ring 94 is made cylindrical, as indicated at 97, so that, after the prong hooks have been engaged with the head, the retaining ring can be threaded further'down until the annular surface 98 is in good contact with the gasket 99 on the top edge of the refractor.

Figure 9 shows an embodiment of the invention generally'similar to Figure 1, except that the lamp receptacle 51b is placed in an upright position and such modifications are i made in the structure as will be necessary or desirable owing to the reversal of the position of the light source. Since the lamp bulb is mostconveniently removable through the top of the luminair, the top refractor 3?) may be made without an aperture at the center and much flatter. It is also held in place by gravity on the top edge of the refractor 4 and is easily removable for access to the lamp bulb and the reflector cup 5?). Since it is not necessary to remove the reflector cup 5?) before taking out the lamp, this cup is made to rest inside of the lower edge of the refractor 4 and is removable through the top of the luminair. The reflecting mask 10?), the reflector cup cover 77 b and the receptacle mask arev made integral with'each other. For convenience in manufacturing they may be made up separately and then conductors 102- are brought down through one of these suspensions and between the refractor and the reflecting mask to the socket. Owing to the fact that the top refractor 3b is so flat, it will usually be unnecessary to provide any supplementary screen or screens in such a luminair as this. In case such supplementary screens are desired, the general ,form and the design of the upper refractor 3?) would be of an entirely similar nature to that illustrated and described in Figure 1.

It is, of course, obvious that the luminair employing the upright lamp receptacle may be made to utilize a diflusing mask instead of an opaque one and .that it may be carried on top of a pedestal or other support instead of being suspended.

While a two iece refractor has been shown and descri ed for carrying out the principles above enumerated, it is to be understood that the glass envelope may be made of one or more pieces with prisms or other light directing means, either on the inside or outside, or both inside and outside.

I claim:

1. A luminair for indirect lighting consisting'of a light source, a transmitting refracting member surrounding the light source, and a screen member surrounding a port on of the refractor, the refractor havmg refracting prisms for effectln a wide distribution of light to the ceiling, t e screen member being disposedso as not to interfere with the light directed toward the ceiling by the prisms and being adapted to reduce the total flux of the downwardly emitted stray light from said retracting prisms.

2. 'A luminair for indirect lighting consist- 1 ing of a light source, a transmitting refracting aember surrounding the light source, a screen member surrounding a portion of the refractor, the refractor having retracting prisms for effecting a wide distribution of light to the ceiling,\the screen member being disposed so as not to interfere with the light directed toward the ceiling by the prisms and being ada ted to rgiuce the total flux of the downwar 1y emitted stray lightfrom said refracting prisms, and a reflector below the light source and'reflecting light upwardly into the transmitting retracting member for re-transmission thereby at wide angles toward the ceiling.

3. A luminair for indirect lighting consisting of a light source, a transmitting refracting member surrounding the light source, a screen member surrounding a portion of the refractor, the refractor having retracting prisms forefi'ecting a wide distribution of light to the ceiling, the screen member being dis osed so as not to interfere with the light directed toward the ceiling by the prisms and being adapted to reduce the total flux of the downwardly emitted straylight from said retracting prisms, and

a supplemental shade about the upper part of the retracting member for screening 0 the said upper part without interfering with the wide spread light emitted by the refractor.

4. A luminair for indirect lighting consisting of a light source, a transmitting refracting member surrounding the light source, a screen member surrounding the lower part of the retracting member and adapted to reduce the total flux of stray light emitted thereby below the horizontal, and a supplemental shade surrounding the upper part of the refractor, the upper part of the refractor being adapted to direct a wide distribution of light to the ceiling above and beyond the top of the supplemental shade and the lower part of the refractor being adapted to produce a less divergent beam so as to eliminate the shadow of the supplemental shade owing to the lapping of the diffeirent divergent beams below the ceiling leve 5. A luminair for indirect lighting consisting of a lamp bulb, a transmitting refracting member surrounding the lamp bulb, a main shade covering the bottom of the refracting member, and one or more annular shades placed above the main shade and so spaced that the refractor is invisible through a wide angle below the horizontal, the refracting member having prisms to produce a sharply convergent beam above each annular shade adapted to eliminate the shadow of the low the ceiling level to eliminate the shadows of the annular shades on the ceiling.

7. A luminair for indirect lighting consisting of a lamp bulb, a transmitting refracting member surrounding the lamp bulb, a main shade covering the bottom of the refracting member, one or more annular shades placed above the main shade and so spaced that the refractor is invisible through a wide angle below the horizontal, the refracting member having prisms to produce a sharply convergent *beam above each annular shade adaptedto eliminate the shadow of the annular shade on the ceiling, and a reflector below the lamp bulb andthe main transmitting refracting member.

- sisting of a pendant lamp bulb, a transmithorizontal directions,

ting refracting member surrounding the lamp'bulband a shade surrounding the lower part of the refractor, the refractor being adapted to direct a wide distribution of light to the ceiling and refract the reflections from the upper part of the lamp bulb into the shade.

9. In an indirect lighting luminair,- a light source, an upwardly opening screen adapted to screen ofi the light source in horizontal directions, and a light transmitting envelope having means interposed between the screen and light source for acting on rays of light emitted from the light source which would otherwise strike the upper surface of the screen to alter the direction thereof so that they pass outwardly above the screen at low angles.

10. In an indirect lighting luminair, a light source, an'upwardly opening screen adapted to screen oil the light source in horizontal directions, and a light transmitting envelope having means interposed between the 'screen and light source for acting on rays of light emitted from the light source which would otherwise strike the upper surface of the screen to alter the direction thereof so that they pass outwardly above the screen at 10% angles, the envelope also having refracting means for acting on rays of light which would otherwise be emitted at high angles to alter the direction thereof so that they are emitted at lowered angles for ceiling illumination. over wide areas.

11. In an indirect lighting luminair, a light source, an upwardly opening screen adapted to screen off the light source in a light transmitting envelope having means interposed between the screen and light source 'for acting on rays of light emitted from the. light source which would otherwise strike the upper sure face of the screen to alter the direction thereof so that they pass outwardly above the screen at low angles, the envelope also havingrefracting means for acting on rays of light which would otherwise be emitted athigh angles to alter the direction thereof so that they areemitted at lowered angles for ceiling illumination over wide areas, and a reflector underneath the light source for reflecting light upwardly against the refracting means of. the envelope so that it is transmitted upwardly and outwardly in widely divergent angles.

'12. In an indirect lighting luminair, a

adapted to screened the light source, in

- horizontal directions, a light transmitting envelope having' means interposed between the screen and light sourc e for acting on rays of light emitted from the light source 'ly and upwardly from an upwardly opening screen which would otherwise strike the upper surface of the screen to alter the direction thereof so that they ass outwardly above the screen at low ang es, a glass cup underneath the light source, and a glass cover member underneath the cup and receiving light therefrom, the light underneath the the same. 7

13. In an indirect lighting luminair, a light source, an upwardly opening diffusing screen adapted to screen oil the light source in horizontal directions, and a light'transmitting envelope having means interposed between the screen and light source for acting on rays of light emitted from the light source which would otherwise strike the upper surface of the screen to alter the direction thereof so that above the screen at low angles, the diffusing screen receiving scattered light andbeing rendered luminous thereby. i

14. In an indirect lighting luminair, a light source, an upwardly opening diffusing screen adapted to screen off the light source in horizontal directions, a light transmitting envelope having means interposed between screen to illuminate the screen and light source for acting on.

r upwardly and outwardly at widely divergentangles, and a diffusing glass cover memher for the reflector receiving scattered light therefrom so as to appear luminous.

15. An indirect lighting luminair, comprising a light source adapted to be supported below the ceiling, a transmitting refracting member surrounding the light source and intercepting the light emitted thereby at angles in the neighborhood of the horizontal, and a screen disposed below the refracting member and extending outwardadjacent the lower part of the refracting member to have its upper edge substantially higher than the light source, the refracting member having a portion below the upper edge of the screen and adapted to act on the light emitted approximately horizontally to direct it upwardly and outwardly at higher angles and pass it above -th e screen for illuminating remote areas of the ceiling.

16.'An' indirect lighting luminair, comprising a light source adapted to be supported below the ceiling, a transmitting remember surrounding the light glass cover scatteringthey pass outwardly retracting member and extending outwardly and upwardly from adjacent the lower part of the retracting member to have its upper edge substantially higher than the light source, the retracting member having a portion below the upper edge of the screen and adapted to act on the light-emitted approximately horizontally to direct 1t upwardly and outwardly at higher angles and pass it above the screen for illuminat ng remote areas of the ceiling, the retracting member having a still lower portion acting on light intercepted thereby to direct it onto the upper surface of the screen whlch refleets it at'higher angles than the retracted light from the first mentioned portion of the retracting member.

17 An indirect lighting luminair, comprising a light source adapted to be supported below the ceiling, a transmitting re tracting member surrounding the light source and intercepting the light emltted thereby at angles in the neighborhood ot the horizontal, and a screen disposed below the retracting member and extending outwardly and upwardly from adjacent the lower part of the retracting member to have its upper edge substantially higher than the light source, theretracting member having a portion below the upper edge of the screen and adapted to act on the light emitted approximately horizontally to direct it upwardly and outwardly at higher angles and pass 1': above the screen tor illuminating remote areas of the ceiling, the retracting member having a transmitting portion through which higher angle direct light is transmitted at angles approximating the angles of the light passed above the screen.

18. An indirect lighting luminair, comprising a light source adapted to be supported below the ceiling, a transmitting retracting member surrounding the light source and intercepting the light emitted thereby at angles in the neighborhood of the horizontal, and a screen disposed below the retracting member and extending outwardly and upwardly from adjacent the lower part of the retracting member to have its upper edge substantially higher than the light source, the retracting member having a portion below the upper edge of the screen and adapted to act on the light emitted approxi matelyhorizontally to direct it upwardly and outwardly at higher angles and 'passit above the screen for illuminating remote areas of the ceiling, the retracting member having a portion adapted to receive upwardly directed light from the light source and transmit it at lowered angles for illuminating less remote areas of the ceiling.

19. An indirect lighting luminair, com-. 'prising a light source adapted to be supported below the ceiling, a transmitting retracting member surrounding the light source and intercepting the light emitted thereby at angles in the neighborhood of the horizontal, and a screen disposed below the retracting member and extending outwardly and upwardly from adjacent the lower part of the retracting member to have its upper edge substantially higher than the light source, the retracting member having a portion below the upper edge of the screen and adapted to act on the light emitted approximately horizontally to direct it upwardly and outwardly at higher angles and pass it above thescreen tor illuminating remote areas of the ceiling, the retracting member having a still lower portion acting on light intercepted thereby to direct it onto, the upper surface of the screen which reflects it at higher angles than the retracted light from the first mentioned portion of the retracting member, the retracting member having a transmitting portion through which higher angle direct light is transmitted at angles approximating the angles of the light passed above the screen, the retracting member having a portion above the transmitting portion adapted to receive upwardly directed light trom the light source and transmit it at lowered angles for illuminating less remote areas of the ceiling.

20. An indirect lighting luminair, comprising a light source adapted to be supported below the ceiling, a transmitting retracting member surrounding the light source and intercepting the light emitted .thereby at angles in the neighborhood of the horizontal, and an opaque screen disposed below the retracting member and extending outwardly and upwardly from adretracting member surrounding the light source and intercepting the .light emitted thereby at angles in the neighborhood of the horizontal, and a screen made of difl'using glass, disposed below the retracting member and extendingoutwardly and upwardly trom adjacent the lower part of the retracting member to have its upper edge substantially higher than the light source, the refracting member having a portion below the upper edgeot the screen and adapted to act on the light emitted approximately. horizontally to direct it upwardly and outwardly at higher angles and pass it above the screen for illuminating remote areas of the ceiling,

the scattered light falling on the difiusi'ng screen rendering the same luminous.

22'. An indirect lighting luminair, comprising a light source adapted to be'supported below the ceiling, a transmitting refracting member surrounding the light source and intercepting the light emitted thereby at'angles in the neighborhod of the horizontal, and a screen made of diffusingglass, disposed below the refracting member and extending outwardly and upwardly from adjacent the lower part of the refracting member to have its upper edge substantially higher than the light source, the refracting member having a portion below the upper edge of the screen and'adapted to act on the light emitted approximately horizontally to direct it upwardly and out wardly at higher angles and pass it above the screen for illuminating remote areas of the ceiling, the refracting member having a stillr lower portion acting 'on light intercepted thereby to direct it onto the upper surface of the difl'using screen which diffuses it downwardly and reflects it at higher angles than the refracted light from the first mentioned portion of the retracting member.

23. An indirect lighting luminair, comprising a light source adapted to be supported below the ceiling, a transmitting refracting member surrounding the light source and intercepting the light emitted thereby at angles in the neighborhood of the horizontal, a screen disposed below the refracting member and extending outwardly and upwardly from adjacent the lower part of the refracting member to have its upper edge substantially higher than the light source, the refracting member having a portion below the upper edge of the screen and adapted to act on the light emitted approximately horizontally to direct it upwardly and outwardly at higher angles and pass it above the screen for illuminating remote areas of the ceiling, the retracting member having a still lower portion acting on light intercepted thereby to. direct it onto the upper surface of the screen which reflects it at higher angles than the refracted light from the first mentioned portion of the refracting member, the retracting member having a transmitting portion through which higher angle direct light is transmitted at angles approximating the angles of the light passed above thescreen, the re-- fracting member having a portion above the transmittingaportion adapted to receive upwardly directed light from the light source and transmit it at lowered angles for illumi nating less remote areas of the ceiling, and a supplemental screen adjacent the upper portion of the retracting member to screen the same and positioned so as to produce no shadow on the ceiling.

24. In an indirect lighting luminair, a

light source in the form of a pendent lamp bulb having a filament and a glass bulb, a prismatic refractor above the light source for acting on light received directly from the filament to diverge it outwardly, the side Walls of thebulb causing bulb reflections of the filament to fall on the refractor, the refractor bending this light downwardly, and a screen outside the refractor to intercept the same.

25. A luminair, comprising, a light source, an enclosure for the light source including a reflector underneath the light source an prismatic refractor above the reflector and adapted to intercept all the light received from the reflector and directly from the light source and retransmit substantially all of this light toward the ceiling in widely divergent angles under the control of said prismatic refractor, and screening means outside the-refractor for screening oil the entirerefractor at all angles substantially up to the horizontal.

26. A luminair, comprising, a lightsource, an enclosure for the light source including a reflector underneath the light source and prismatic refractor above the reflector and adapted to intercept all the light received from the reflector and directly from the light source and retransmitsubstantially all of this light toward the ceiling in widely divergent angles under the control of said prismatic refractor, and screenin means outside the refractor for screening 0 the entire refractor at all angles substantially up to the horizontal, said screenin means including a diffuser adapted to luminous by stray light. 1

27. A luminair, comprising, a light source, an enclosure for the light source including a prismatic glass reflector underneath the light source and prismatic refractor above rendered the reflector and adapted to intercept all the I light received from t from the light source and retransmit substantially all of this light toward the ceiling in widely divergent angles under the control of said prismatic refractor, screening means outside the refractor for screening off the entire refractor at all angles substantially up to the horizontal, said screening means including a diffuser adapted to be rendered luminous by stray light, and a difiusing cover for the prismatic glass reflector adapted to be rendered luminous by the stray light from the reflector.

28. In an indirect lighting luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a glass envelope about the lamp bulb, the upper end of the envelope I being apertured to receive the neck of the lamp bulb, the lower end being beyond the, center of the light source and apertured to e reflector and directly lamp socket, a lamp bulb n the socket, socket derneath and to reflect light upwardly.

29. In an indirect lighting. luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supportin means, a glass envelope about the lamp bul the upper end of the envelope being apertured to receive the neck of t e lamp bulb, the lower end being beyond the center of the light source and apertured to permit bulb removal, a ring engaging the lower end of the glass envelope, members extending from the socket supporting means to the ring and disposed inside of the envelope'for supporting the ring and envelope, an outwardly and upwardly flaring screen detachably supported from the ring and acting to screen the envelope from underneath and to reflect light upwardly, and a supplemental screen, also detachably supported from the ring and disposed above the first screen, in a position to screen the upper part of the envelope.

' 30. In an .indirect lighting luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a glass envelope about the lamp bulb, the upper end of the envelope being apertured to receive the neck of the lamp bulb, the lower end being beyond the center of the light source and apertured to permit bulb removal, a ring engaging the lower end of the glass envelope, members extending from the socket supporting means to the ring and disposed inside of the envelope for supporting the ring and envelope, an opaque, outwardly and upwardly flaring screen detachably supported from the ring and acting to hide the envelope from underneath and to reflect light upwardly, and an opaque supplemental screen, also detachably supported from the ring and disposed above the first screen, in a position to hide the upper part of the envelope.

31. In an indirect lighting luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a glass envelope about the lamp bulb, the upper end of the envelope being apertured to receive the neck of the lamp bulb, the lower end being beyond the center of the light source and apertured to permit bulb removal, a ring engaging the lower end of the glass envelope, members extending from the socket supporting means to the ring and dis osed inside of the envelo e for supporting t e ring and envelope, an a reflecting cup below the ring, the cup intercepting the cone of light within the lower opening in the glass envelope and reflecting it back into the envelope. I

32. In an indirect li hting luminair, a

supporting means, a glass envelope about the lamp bulb, the upper end of the envelope being apertured to receive the neck of the lamp bulb, the lower end being beyond the center of the light source and apertured to permit bulb removal, a ring engaging the lower end of the glass envelope, members extending from the socket supporting means to the ring and disposed inside of the envelope for supporting the ring and envelope, and an opaque reflecting cup below the ring, the cup intercepting the cone of light within the lower opening in the glass envelope and reflecting it back into the envelope.

33. In an indirect lighting luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a glass envelope about the lamp bulb, the upper end of the envelope being apertured toreceive the neck of the lamp bulb, the lower end being beyond the center of the light source and apertured to permit bulb removal, a ring engaging the lower end of the glass envelope, members extending from the socket supporting means .to the ring and disposed inside of the enlamp bulb, the lower end being beyond'the center of the light source and apertured to permit bulb removal, a ring engaging the lower end of the glass envelope, members extending from the socket supporting means to the ring and disposed inside of the envelope for supporting the ring and envelope, an outwardly and upwardly flaring screen detachably supported from the ring and acting to screen the envelope from underneath and to reflect light upwardly, a reflecting cup below the ring, the cup intercepting the cone of light .within the lower opening in the glass envelope and reflecting it back into the envelope, and means for detachably securing the cup to the ring independently of the screen.

35. In an indirect lighting luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a glass envelope about the lamp bulb, the upper end of the envelope being apertured to receive the neck of the lamp bulb, the lower end being beyond the center of the light source and apertured to permit bulb removal, a ring engaging the lower end of the glass envelope, members extending from the socket supporting means to the ring and disposed inside of the envelope for supporting the ring and envelope,

the lamp bulb, the bottom of the envelope bean outwardly and upwardly flaring screen detachably supported from the ring and acting to screen the envelope from underneath and. to reflect light upwardly, a reflecting cup below the ring, the cup intercepting the cone of. light within the lower opening in the glass envelope and reflecting it back into et supporting means, a glass envelope about the lamp bulb, the bottom of the envelope being apertured to permit bulb removal, a ring supporting the glass envelope from underneath, and an outwardly and upwardly flaring screen detachably supported from the ring and acting to screen the envelope from underneath and reflect light upwardly.

37. In an indirect lighting luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a glass envelope about the lamp bulb, the bottom of the envelope being apertured to permit bulb removal, 9. ring ring supporting the glass envelope from underneath, an outwardly and u wardly flaring screen detachably supported From the ring and acting toscreen the envelope from underneath and reflect light upwardly, and a supplemental screen also detachably supported from the ring and disposed above the rstscreen in a posltion to screen .the upper part of the envelope.

38. In an indirect lighting luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a glass envelope about ing apertured to crmit bulb removal, aring supporting the g ass envelope from'underneath, an outwardly and upwardly flaring screen detachably supported from the ring and acting to screen the envelope from underneath and reflect light upwardly, and a reflector below the ring, the reflector intercepting the cone of light within the lower opening of the glass envelope andv reflecting it back into the envelope.

39. In a luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, a socket sup orting means, a supporting ring of suflicient y large l clamping the two part diameter to permit the lamp bulb to pass through, a glass envelope consisting of two rings of glass having their adjacent edges abuttin and the supporting ring respectively, and members connecting the socket supporting means and the supporting ring for tween the socket supporting means and the supporting ring. 7 a

40. In a luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp one another and their opposite edges a utting the socket supporting means I lass envelope be bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a supporting ring of sufiiciently large diameter to permit the lamp bulb to pass through,

a glass envelope consisting of two rings of glass having their adjacent edges abutting one another and their 0 posite edges abutting the socket supportmg means and the supporting ring respectively, rods extending from the socket supporting means through the interior of the glass envelope and the ring, and threaded means for tightening the rods to clamp the envelope between the ring and the socket supporting means. 41. In a luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a su porting ring disposed below the center of t e light source and of sufficiently large diameter to ermit the lamp bulb to pass through, a g ass envelope consisting of two rings of glass having their adjacent edges abutting one another and disposed above the light source and their opposite edges abutting the socket supporting means and the supporting ring respectively, the glass rings bemg oppositely dished to form an enclosing bowl, and members connecting the socket supporting means and the supporting ring for clam ing the two part glass envelo e between t e socket supporting means and t e supporting ring.

42. In a luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket su porting means, a supporting ring of sufliclently large diameter to permit the lamp bulb to pass through, a lass envelope consisting of two rings of re racting glass having their adja cent edges abutting one another and their opposite edges abutting the socket supporting means and the supporting ring respectively, and members connecting the socket supporting means and the supporting ring for clamping the two part glass envelope between the socket supporting means and the supporting ring, the upper glass ring having prisms for emitting the light upwardly in a widely divergent beam, while the lower glass ring has prisms for redirecting light received thereby upwardly in a less divergent beam at a wider angle.

43. In a luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a supporting ring of sufliciently large diameter to permit the lamp bulb to pass through,

a glass envelope consisting of two rings of cnt beam, while the lower glass ring has prisms .for redirecting light received thereby upwardly in a less divergent beam at a wider angle.

44. In a luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a supporting ring of sufficiently large diameter to permit the lamp bulb to pass through,

a glass envelope consisting of two rings of refracting glass having their adjacent edges abutting one another and their opposite edges abutting the socket supporting means and the supporting ring respectively, members connecting the socket supporting means and the supporting ring for clamping the two part glass envelope betweenthe socket supporting means and the supporting ring,

,the upper glass ring having prlsms for emitting the light upwardly in a widely divergent beam, while the lower glass ring has prisms for redirecting light received thereby upwardly in a less divergent beam at a wider part resting on the fixed ring, and an upwardly flaring screen carried by the fixed ring to screen the glass envelope, the screen receiving a portion of the light transmitted. through the lower glass part and reflecting it upwardly, the lower refracting part having prisms for redirecting most of the light, which would otherwise reach the screen, into directions sufliciently high to carry it above the screen.

46. In a luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket,socket supporting means;

a ring fixedly supported in a position to be below the center of the light source, a two part glass envelope of refracting glass having the adjacent edges of the parts abutting one another and the lower edges of the lower part resting on the fixed ring, an upwardly flaring screen carried by the fixed ring to screen the glass envelope, the screen receiving a portion of the light transmitted which refracts it in useful directions above the screen.

47. In a luminair, a lamp socket, a lamp bulb in the socket, socket supporting means, a ring fixedly supported in a position to be below the center of the light source, a two part glass envelope of refracting glass having the adjacent edges of the parts abuttingone another and the lower edges of the lower part resting on the fixed ring, an upwardly flaring screen carried by the fixed ring to screen the glass envelope, the screen receiving a portion of the light transmitted through the lower glass part and reflecting it upwardly, the lower refracting part having risms for redirecting most of the light, whic would otherwise reach the screen, into directions sufficiently high to carry it above the screen, and a supplemental screen supported from the first screen to conceal the up ,er portion of the glass envelope.

igned at Newark, in the county of Licking and" State of Ohio, this 8th day of December 1930.

\ WILLIAM A. DOREY.

through the; lower glass part and reflecting it upwardlyfthe lower refracting part hav- 7 ing prisms for redirecting most of the light,

which would otherwise reach the screen, into directionssufliciently high to carry it above the screen, and a reflector carried by 'the fixed ring and intercepting the cone of light within the lower edge of the refractor and redirecting it upwardly into the envelope

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