US1906706A - Hole punching device - Google Patents

Description

May 2, 1933. T. F` MOORE 1,906,706

HOLE PUNCHING DEVICE Filed May 6. 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l Zr- L 1. :7 f @2.

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Patented May 2,1933

yrnoiviAs F. Moons, or Moanis PLAINs, New `:run-siii HOLE PUNCHING :DEVICE Application filed '.llLEayv 6,

This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for sinking pipesor well-holes into the ground for any purpose, as for example, for supporting superstructures, or for removing moisture or water therefrom through the medium of suitable Vwell-points ofthe class set forth in my Patents Nos. 1,570,697, January 26,l 1926; 1,648,587 November y8, 1927; 1,657,684: January 31, 1928; and 1,729,790, October 1, 1929; and also in my pending applicationSerial No. 4641,659, filed June 28, 1930 so that when the water is removed from the soil, the latter may be eco-y nomically and expeditiously excavated or otherwise prepared for the safe construction or` erection of subsurface or super-surface structures ysuoli as subways, underground conduits and foundations for bridges and buildings. i

The main object is, to provide a more eX- peditious, economical and efiicient method of and apparatus for Vsinking pipes andy wellholes through widely varying soil-strata and to any practicable depth than has lieretofore been practiced.

One of the specific objects is to sink a pipe into the ground by means v'ofa mechanical ram or hammer reciprocally movable therein into and out of engagement with an anvil or other abutment on the lower Vend thereof and preferably by mechanically hoistingthe ram to any required height according to the nature or resistance of the soil and then allowing it to drop freely'under its own weight and momentum onto the anvil, and at the same time to relieve the parts from excessive shock incidental to the vforce of impact'of the ram upon the anvil.

Another object is to providel meanswhereby a second pipe or casing surrounding the driven pipe may be sunlr simultaneously with and by ther same force as the driven pipe and to utilize the second pipe as ameans for conducting water on other material from the top downwardly around. the driving point of the inner pipe for jetting or otlierpurposes, or, the outer casing may remain in the ground after the inner tube has been withdrawn, to be filled with concrete and serve asa support for a superstructure.

i931. 4sei-iai No. 535,443.

i A further object is to provide simple and v il efficient meanswhereby the inner pipe may be withdrawn upwardly'from the ground or from the outer casing by the same hoisting device used for the operation of the mechanical ram. 1 f

Another object is to providev releasable means for locking thehead ofthe outer'casing to the head of the innerguide tube or pipe so that both pipe sections may be simultaneously withdrawn from the ground by the same hoisting device when desired.

Other objects andus'es relatingto various f parts of the apparatusV or toV various steps in the process ofusing the same will be brought out in the following` description.

In the drawings YFigure 1 is any elevation of an apparatus for carrying out the objects of the invention, the central portion being broken away, said apparatus beingshownin its initialV position as just beginning its entry into the ground,

Figure 2 is a longitudinal verticaly sectional. view of the same apparatus, partly broken away, taken in the plane of line 2 2, FigureLexcept'that'it is shown as driven a predetermined distance into the ground.

Figures 3 `andt are' transverse sectional. views taken, respectively, on lines 3 3, and 4 4, Figures 1 and`2.

Figure 5 is a side elevation of theupper portion of the same apparatus, partly in section, showing the hoisting cable in positionfor withdrawingthe entire apparatus upwardly` from the ground and also for with# drawing the inner` guide tube witha vram and anvilfrom within the outer casing when the dogs carried by the head of the guide tube'arereleased from engagement with the head of the casing.y

Figure 6 is ka transverse sectional view taken in line 6 6, vFigure 2. i

As illustrated this apparatus is adapted to be *hoisted` by any suitable means' to an upright position withl its lower end engaging the ground at the point where it isfto be sunk to'form `the'well-hole, andV comprises outer andinnerpipe sectionsl and 2 telescopically arranged` one vwithin the other, ananvil 3 secured to the lower end of the inner pipe leo section 2 and a mechanical ram or hammer 4 reciprocally movable vertically within the inner pipe section into and outof engagement with the anvil, together with releasable means for locking the pipe-sections to each other against relative endwise displacement one from the other, and means for introducing water or other liuid into the outer pipe section or casing for jetting purposes.

The pipe sections 1 and 2 may be of any desired diameter or length capable of b-eing driven the maj or portion of their lengths into the ground to the depth required for permitting the removal of moisture therefrom through the holes formed by the pipes or for any other purpose for which Vthe Wellholes may be made, the upper ends of both pipe sections being allowed to project above the surface of the ground after their lower ends have been driven to the required depth through strata of the same or different soils.

The inner pipe 2 is preferably of greater length than the outer pipe or case 1 into which it is inserted from the top downwardly while both sections are lying in a more or less horizontal position upon or near the surface of the ground or before being hoisted to their uprightV positions preparatory to entry into the ground so that both ends of the inner pipe section may normallv extend beyond the corresponding ends ofthe outer case.

The anvil 3 is preferably made of solid metal and is provided with a reduced upper end 3 adapted to be inserted into the lower end of the inner pipe section 2 and welded or otherwise permanently secured thereto to move therewith, the lower end of the anvil beine,` provided with a tapered driving point 5 of hardened steel or equivalent material having its upper end 5 reduced in diameter and inserted into a corresponding socket 6 where it is held in place by a rivet or bolt 7 or equivalent fastening means.

The upper end of the inner pipe section 2 is provided with a tubular head or collar 8 welded. or otherwise permanently secured thereto and having its lower end provided with a central co-axial socket 9 for receiving the upper end ofthe outer casing 1 and a suitable packing. presently described.

The inner pipe section 2 forms a tubular guide for the mechanical ram 4 and is open at the top to permit said ram to be reciprocated vertically therethrough into and out of contact with the upper end of the anvil 3.

The lower end of the collar 8 is also provided with an outturned annular flange 10 havin diametrically opposite slots 1l open at the periphery thereof for receiving a pair of pawls or dogs 12 whereby the two pipe sections may be locked to each other when desired, for a purpose hereinafter described.

The outer pipe or casing 1 is of relatively larger diameter than the inner pipe 2 to form an intervening space 13 into which water or other fluid under pressure may be introduced and allowed to discharge in th-e lower end thereof for jetting purposes to facilitate the entrance of both pipes into the ground. The casing l is provided with ahead or coilar 1e welded or otherwise rigidly and permanently secured thereto just below the upper end thereof to form an abutment against which the head S of the inner pipe section 2 is adapted to impinge for forcing the casing downwardly simultaneously with the downward movement of th-e inner pipe section by the action of the ram 4 against the anvil 3.

The upper end of the head 14 is provided with an annular fla-nge 15 having an upwardly tapered peripheral surface 15 for automatically deflecting the lower ends of the pawls 12 outwardly as the inner pipe section carrying thel head 8 is lowered within the outer casing, and thus permitting the pawls to automatically engage the lower face of the ange 15 when registered therewith, as shown more clearly in Figure 2, the lower ends of the pawls being beveled outwardly and downwardly at 12" to ride against the bevel face 15', and thereby to further facilitate the automatic interloclring` engagement of the pawls with the underside of the flange 15.

The upper end of the outer casing` l is provided with a fiexible packing collar 16 of rubber or rubberized fabric secured by rivets 16. or equivalent fastening means` to the periphery of said casing` yinst above the collar 14 and adapted to tclescopicallv engage the walls of the chamber 9 in the lower end of t-he head 8 to form a water and gas-tight joint therewith, aided by the outward pressure of the water or other Huid which may he introduced into the chamber 13 betweenthe pipe sections 1 and 2.

The lower portion of the collar 14 and adjacent portion of the casing l are provided with registeringV fluid inlet openings 17 preferably inclined downwardly and outwardhv and connected by fleiibl.n supply pipe or hose 18 to any available sourcf.` of iiuid supply under pressure, the object of which is to introduce this fluid under pressure into the chamber 13 and allow it to escape from the lower end of the casing for jetting purposes.

The heads of the rivets 1li are allowed to proiect inwardly beyond the inner surface of the outer casing 1 to form guides for centeringthe inner pipe 2 within the outer casing, and thereby holding the pipe sections in spaced concentric relation to form the chamber 13.

The ram Il is preferably of apprcciablv smaller diameter than thc interior diameter of the inner guide tube 2 so as to reciprocate freely therein wit-hout excessive friction and may be of any suitable length or weight, but

The upper end of the 'mandrel 4 is pro-4 videdr with a verticalslot 4 for'receiving a clevice or link 19 having its lower end "attached to a bolt'2() onthe adjacent portion of the ram 4, and its otherend connected `by a cable 21 to a suitable hoisting device, not

shown, for thereason that anysuitable hoisting device may beused for lifting the ram'4 to any desirediheiglit and then releasing it to allow it to drop through the inner` pipe 2 onto the anvil 8. n e f' It is now evidentthat as the ram 4 is lifted to a predetermined height and then allowed to drop freely. its impact against the anvil 3 at each descent will cause the inner pipe 2 to 3e driven a greater or less distance into the ground, depending somewhat upon the nature of the soil, and alsoupon the distance through which the ram is allowed to fall. y

This downward driving movement'of the inner pipe section is transmitted tothe outer casing 1 by the engagement ofthe lowerend of the head 8 with the upper end of the head or collar 14. and'whilethese heads v8'and A14v are made of cast iron, steel or other strong and durable material, itis evident thatthe contacting ends would soon become battered or un duly worn unless some provision is made for reducing the shock incidental to the impact of the ram against the anvil.l

For this latter purpose a pair of U-shaped yokes 22 are hingedly'connected by pivotal pins 28 to suitable lugs24 on dia-metrically opposite sides of the upper portion of the head 8 to ext-end downwardly frcmztheir respective pivots toward,'but in spaced relation to, the annular flange lOinalignment with the corresponding` pawls 12. n f 1 These pawls 12 are slidable vertically in their respective guide slots 117a`nd are provided at their upper ends with reduced spindles 25 extending through suitable openings 26 lin the lower ends or cross bars of the-corn responding yokes 22 substantially-radial to and just below theadjacent pivotal'pinsf23, as shown more clearly in Figures 1' andl2.

' The portions of' the pawls 12 near end j unck tions with the spindles 25"are provided with shoulders 22 against which the lowerends of the yokes 22 are adapted to rest, the upper ends of the spindles 25 being threaded and engaged by nuts 27, as shown in Figure 2.

Each of the spindles 25 is surrounded kby a coil spring 28 having its upper end engaged with the underside of the nut 27 and its lower end engaged with the cross`bary26 of theyolre 22, thereby establishingresilient Vconnections.

betweenthe heads 8 and'1`4 normally urging the heads intocontactrwithl each other but f stillpermitting said headsto4 separate against the action of the springs.

For example, during each descent of the y ram 4 upon the :mandrel tending to drive the inner pipe 2 and its head A8 downwardly, the` shock, dueto lthe impact of the head 8of they inner pipe 2 against the upper end of the head 14 of the outercasing k1, will be at least partially odset bythe resultant compression of the springs28 due to the fact that under those conditions Lthe head Sand its yokesl 22 may exert an upward `pulluponvtlie springs,

`or the lower head 14 and'pawls 12 may exert a downward pull'upon the same, springs, thus reducingthe sho'clrincidental to each percussion blow the the ramupon the anvil and incidentally avoidingundue impairment of the contacting ends of ther heads 8 and 14, and also'reducing the shock upon the supply pipe 18 and its connectiony with f the head f 14r to avoidk impairment thereof. e

During this relative axial movement of the heads'8 and 14, the packing flange v16 and walls ofthe socket L9 are free to slide one upon the other, the lower end of ythewalls ofthe s o'cliett) being beveled at 9 to permit the head 8 to slidefreely over the packing flange when assembling the pipe section 2 within the outer casing 1.l c 'f l s If`desired,suitable washers may-be placed between the ends of the springs 28 and nuts 27, or between the'lower ends of the spring and adjacent wall of the yokes 22.

l The pawls12 are movable about the aXes 1 of their respective pivots 23 and 23 :into and out of yengagement with the lower faces of the flange 15-of the head 14-for connecting and disconnecting thev inner and outer pipe sections, and are normally spring-pressed inwardly toward each otheror into engagement with said flange 15 by springs 30 which are coiled around the outer ends of the correspondingpivotal kpins 23 with one end engaged :with the headr Sand its other 'end engaged with the adjacent pawls, as shown more clearly in Figures 1, 3 and 5, the object beingto cause thepawls to automatically engage the flanges 15 when the inner pipe section is inserted fromthe'top downwardly into 82 for receiving a portion of the cable 21,

as shown in Figure 5, whereby the hoisting cable used for raising the ram 4 may also be used forwithdrawing the inner pipe section 2y upwardly fromthe outer casing 1 when the r are disengaged from the iso used for withdrawing both of the pipe sections 1 and 2' from the ground without detaching the cable from the upper end of the ram, it being vunderstood that after the pipes have been driven to the required depth into the ground, the dogs 12 may be readily operated by hand or otherwise for engaging or disengaging the flange 15 and that in like manner the cable 21 may be placed by hand or by manipulation of the hoisting mecha nism around the underside of the lug 31, or removed therefrom as may be desired.

0 permitan When it is desired to sink a well-hole or to drive one or both of the pipe sections 1 and 2 into the ground, these pipe sections may be assembled in the manner shown in Figure 1 and the entire apparatus then hoisted to an upright position through the medium of the cable 21 and lug 31 with its lower end resting on the ground at the point where the hole is to be made.

The entire apparatus is then steadied in an upright position by any suitable means aided by the cable 21 and hoisting device during which operation the pawls 12 will be brought into interlocking engagement with the flange 15 of the inner pipe section 2 as the outer casing is placed teleseopically over and upon the inner pipe section.

The cable 21 which is then disengaged from the lug 31 will then be drawn upwardly to cause a. corresponding lifting movement of the ram il, after which the cable is released to allow the ram to descend into engagement with the anvil 3, thereby driving the inner pipe and outer casing downwardly a distance somewhat proportionate to the drop of the ram and also the resistance of the soil.

This operation of the ram is repeated with gradually increasing distances of drop until the pipe sections are sunk to the required depth, during which operation water or other fluid under pressure may be introduced into the chamber 13 through the inlet 17, and allowed to escape at the bottom of said chamber for jetting purposes, and thereby to eX- pedite the operation of sinking the pipes into the ground.

It is to be understood, however, that the outer casing 1 may be omitted, if necessary or desirable, in which case the inner pipe section could be driven into the ground to any required depth by repeated operation of the rain l against the anvil 3.

1t has been found, however, that the use of the outer casing 1, in connection with the inner pipe section 2, is desirable in that it provides a means for supplying water or other fluid under pressure to the bottom of the hole around the anvil 3 for eXpediting the sinking operation.

When the inner pipe is sunk to the required depth and it is desired to withdraw the same from the hole formed thereby, the cable 21 maybe passed around the underside of the lug 31 and then drawn upwardly by any suit able hoisting device to effect a corresponding upward withdrawal of the inner pipe, irrespective of the outer casing, in which case it is simply necessary to withdraw the locking dogs 12 from engagement with the shoulder 15 of the outer casing.

If, however, the outer casing has been driven into the ground simultaneously with the inner pipe section, both the casing and the inner pipe section may be similarly withdrawn from the ground by leaving the lock ing dogs 12 in engagement with the flange 15 and then passing the cable 21 around the underside of the lug 31, after which the cable may be raised to effect a similar upward withdrawal of the apparatus from the ground leaving a substantially clean hole into which well-points or other devices may be used for withdrawing any sub-surface water from the soil.

Or, on the other hand, after the inner pipe section, together with the rain 1 and anvil 3, has been withdrawn from the ground, the outer casing may remain in the ground to receive concrete or any other material so that the outer casing with its filler may be used for supporting super-structures, or, it may be used to receive a well point for withdrawing water from the hole.

1. In an apparatus for sinking well-holes into the ground, separate upright pipes arranged one within the other and adapted to be forced endwise into the ground, the inner pipe being open at the top, an anvil secured to the lower end of the inner pipe, av ram movable through the open upper end of the inner pipe into and out of impact with Athe anvil for driving the inner pipe into the ground, means for causing both pipes to enter the ground simultaneously under the force of impact of the ram with the anvil, said pipes having portions thereof arranged in spaced relation to form an intervening chainber open at the bottom, and means for introducing a iiuid into said chamber to discharge at the bottom around the lower end of the inner pipe.

2. In an apparatus for sinking well-holes into the ground, separate upright pipes arranged one within the other and adapted to be forced endwise into the ground, the upper end of the inner pipe being open, an anvil secured to the lower end of the inner pipe, a ram movable through the open upper end of the inner pipe into and out of impact with the anvil for driving the inner pipe into the ground, a head secured to the upper end of the outer pipe, a head secured to the upper end of the inner pipe and normally engaging the head of the outer pipe for driving the outer pipe into the ground as the inner pipe is driven downwardly by the ram, and dogs hingedly connected to the head of the inner pipe and movable into and out of holding engagement with the head of the outer pipe for locking and releasing the inner pipe to and from `the outer pipe whereby the outer pipe may be withdrawn from the hole with the inner pipe or the inner pipe withdrawn from the outer pipe. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 28th day of Apri1v1931.

THOMAS F. MOORE.

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