US1905803A - Wire drawing machine - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sfieet 1 Filed May 17, 1930 April 25, 1933.

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April 25, 1933.- E, w CLARK WIRE DRAWING.MACHINE Filed May 17, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 v Inventor; Ernest-W Clark, bg Wm Hi Abbor'neg.

Federated Apr. 25, lhdd toss rarest ERNEST W. RX, 013 QCHENECTADY, NEW YUJRK, ASSIGNQR T9 omvman ELEGEC WMFANY, A CORPORATION 035' NEW YGRK WIRE DEAWNG MACHINE Application filed May 17,

'lhe' present invention relates to machines for drawing wire of one diameter to wire of a substantially smaller diameter and has-for its object the provision of a machine of improved and simplified construction. My improvements are especially directed to the arrangement of the driving mechanism whereby the drawing rolls are positively driven at their proper and diflerent speeds from one centrally disposed shaft; to the arrangement of parts whereby horizontal drawing rolls and dies are supported (in rows) one above the other on the front side of a vertical partition or wall so that the wire may readily be threaded through the dies and around the rolls, and to the driving mechanism which runs in oil located in back of the partition and suitably enclosed to prevent oil leakage and also prevent injury both to the machine operator and also to the mechanism itself,

- Other features of advantage will be referred to specifically later on.

For a consideration of what ll believe to be novel and my invention, attention is directed to the accompanying description and the claims appended thereto.

in the drawings which are illustrative oii one of the embodiments of my invention Fig. l is a view in iront elevation of a wire rawing machine; Fig. 2 is a vertical section; Figs. 3 and d are sectional views of the rolls; Fig. 5 is a holder for a die, and Fig. d is a perspective diagrammatic view illustrating the driving mechanism.

7 illustrates a rectangular boa-dike frame which rests on the door or other suitable support and inside thereof, where it is protected from injury, is the driving electric motor 8, the latter being secured by bolts to the bottom wall of the frame 7. Mounted on top oi the main frame 7 is a secondary frame comprising top and bottom walls hand 10 which are united by a vertical partition or wall 11 and end walls 12,; the whole forming a rectangular box; The back is enclosed by a removable cover 13 which supports the bearings for the various driving shafts. The inner ends of the shafts are carried by bearings su ported by the vertical partition ii. T e in f r drawing the Wire are camed 1930. Serial N0. M35375.

by short horizontal shafts and are located on the front side of vertical partition ll. As

will be seen the driving mechanism is wholly in back of the partition and the rolls in front so that there is no danger of the operator being injured or a piece of the wire or other foreign matter getting caught, in the gears. The arrangement also prevents the lubricant supplied to the drawing rolls from mixing with the oil which lubricates the driving gears.

'lhe wire it to be drawn is mounted on a reel 15 carried by a shaft, and the latter is mounted in one or more suitable bearing standards 16. Other means of supply for the wire may be used. The wire passes from the reel over a guide roller 17 of the sheave type which is carried by a bracket attached to t e secondary frame and from it passes through a succession of dies 18, usually of the diamond type, which reduce its diameter and over a series of drawing rolls 19 of which there may beany' suitable number, twelve being shown in the present instance, Fig. it. There is also a correspondin number oi dies. As a general thin it may stated that the greater the desire reduction in section of the wire the greater will be the number of dies end rolls. in some instances only a single roll is mounted on a driving shaft and in other cases a greater number as will be seen from Fig. d. The drawin rolls are arranged in two horizontall ispd sets, one above the other, and eac succeeding roll being oiiset so that the angle of the wire in entering each roll is reduced to a minimum. These sets are so arranged with respect to the main drivin shaft that one is above and the other below it, thus malrin the errengemeht symmetrical with the main shaft in the center. The wire after it has been reduced in diameter by passing through the successive dies is wound on a power driven reel 20 which latter is mounted on a standard or support 21. Between the last drawing roll on the machineand the reel is a tension device 22 of any suitable construction, the details of which are immaterial in the present case.

in order to lubricate the wire in its passage through the machine a pair of lib lid

. whole 50 pipes 23 is provided which are supplied with ubricant from the pump 24 which is driven by the small electric motor 25, or it may be supplied from a central pump and tank feeding several machines. The sides of the'base of the main frame 7 are raised as shown in Fig. 2 to form a reservoir into which the lubricant from the upper frame flows through a suitable drain after lubricating the wire and from which the pump receives its supply. The front of the upper or secondary frame is provided with a lip 26 which with the ends of the frame forms a pocket 27 'to collect lubricant. As the rolls are fast running it is desirable to protect the operator from any.

possible injury therefrom and also to revent the lubricant from spattering outwardly over the front of the machine, and for this purpose a flexible metal curtain 28 is provided which rolls up and down like an ordinary window shade. It is carried on a spindle 29 and the parts are enclosed in a casing 30. The curtain is guided at its side edges by parts of the frame.

In Fig. 3 is shown one of the drawing rolls over which the wire is wrapped once or twice to insure the proper drawing or pulling eifect. It is keyed to one of the driving shafts and is held in place thereon by a nut or other means 35 which is' located on the front side of the machine. It is provided with a beveled or coned surface 36 which guides the wire gpwnward onto the cylindrical part or drum with drum surfaces of two diameters and around which the wire is wraped twice in the course ofits travel through the machine. Al though the drawing rolls may be made out of a single piece of material it is desirable to make them out of two or more pieces as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. By this arrangement if a given roll or part of a two stage or double roll wears more rapidly than another part, it is only necessary to replacethe worn part instead of a complete roll. The diameters of the rolls are fixed to suit the speed of the wire and said rolls are interchangeable in or in part, it being remembered that the wire must travel faster near the exit than the entrance because the wire is being continuall elongated as its diameter is reduced. T e difference in speed of the wire can be compensated for to a certain extent by changes of diameter of the drum surfaces but since sli page of the wire on the drums is to be avoided as fully as possible, it is important not'only to change the diameters but also the speed of rotation as well. The means by which this is done willbe described below.

' 0n the shaft of the motor 8 is mounted a small pulley over which is the driving belt 40. On the shaft/41 which for convenience may be termed the main driving shaft is mounted asecond and larger pulley so as to In Fig. 4 is shown a double drawing roll the vertical partition 11. On the shaft 41 is mounted a spur gear wheel 45 and a pinion 46, best shown in Fig. 6; the gear 45 drives a pinion 47 mounted on the horizontal shaft 48. On the front end of the shaft is a gear 49 which meshes with a companion gear 50 that is mountedon a roll carrying shaft 51. This particular shaft drives a pair of rolls. 52 and 53 in the lower row, the former being smaller in diameter than the latter because the wire passing around it does not have as high a lineal speed as when it passes over the roll 53; The diameter'and speed of rotation of this and other rolls are so selected as to have as nearly as possible the same peripheral speed as the lineal speed of the wire passing thereover so as to avoid slippage of the wire on the rolls as fully as possible. Slippage of the wire on the rolls creates friction and heat and results in wearing of the peripheral surfaces of the rolls. The lubricant sprayed from thepipes 23 lubricates the dies, reduces wearand prevents an excessive rise of temperature of the wire, dies and rolls. Because it is impracticable to use spur gears to drive all of the rolls .and particularly those at the extreme ends of the machine because of the distance between shaft centers, a sprocket 55 is mounted on the roll shaft 51 and connected by a chain 56 to the sprocket 57 mounted on the shaft 58 which latter drives two rolls 59 .and 60 located at the extreme left-hand end of the lower row of drawing rolls. lhese rolls differ in diameter for the reasons above stated. To take u an idler 61 is emplb in an adjustable hanger 62. v

Returning again to the pinion 47, it also acts as an idler to drive a gear 63 mounted on a horizontal shaft 64 which at its front end any slack in the chain drives a pair of rolls 65 and 66 of different diameters for the reasons above specified. It also drives a sprocket 67, and through a chain 68 drives the shaft 69. With the chain is employed an adjustable idler 70 supported in the same manner as idler 61. On the shaft 69 are two rolls 71 and 72, the outer one being larger than theinner one because of the difference in linear speed of the wire at this point. The roll 72 is the (pine shown in the lower right-hand cornerof The pinion 46 on the main or central shaft drives the gear 70 mounted on the shaft 71, which shaft in turn drives the roll 72 through speed reducing gearing and by means of a chain 72 and its idler the roll 73. The said shaft 71 through the gears yed whichis supported a at suitable positions are holders 80,

- naeos the shait lt, which latter of the character previously descrir' drives the single rolls 7'3 and 78. ilhe rolls l3 and 78 are located rtively m the upper left-hand and right-hand ends of the secondary frame. Fig. l.

It will he seen that the main. shaft id. is centrally located, Fig. l and that about it and extending outwardly therefrom in a. generally radial direction are sets oil gearing which by'reason of their sizes and locations drive the diiierentrolls oi the'upper. and lower sets at varying peripheral speeds in accordance with the linear speed of the wire as its cross section decreases and its length increases. it will also be seen that there are four shafts 4.8, (it, 71 and 716 which are so situated and so arranged as to centers that spur gearing having meshing teeth are employed and which drivethe rolls nearest to the main central shaft 4:1, and that these same shafts through sprockets and chains drive those rolls which are the iarthest away from said shaft and occupy the end positions on the vertical partition ll. The exact relation of the arts is definitely shown in Fig. 1, while 1g. 5 is a perspective view in which for the purpose of illustration the parts have been opened it and clearly shows how one part is driven rom another. The various shaits are mounted in ha hearings as best shown in Fig. 25, one bearing for each shaft heing supported. by the rear wall of the partition 11 and the other hearing mounted in the removable cover 13. From this figure it will also be seen that oi the driving mechanism is enclosed in a narrow housing so that the machine as a whole is relatively thin; that said gearing is fully pro= tested from injury and that the housing also protects the operator irom injury.

0n the front face of the partition ll in addition to the drawing rolls and located ldi 5, for the diamond dies 18, which latter have the necessary freedom in their mounting to permit them to move slightly in a transverse plane to the wire and which are prevented from. moving longitudinally therewith. From Figs. 1 and 6 it will be seen that a die. is located a short distance in advance of each of the rolls whereby a reduction in. section of the wire is caused to take place priorto heing wrapped around each of the rolls. By placing all of the driving mechanism on the hack of the vertical partitionll and: the rolls horizontal positions,

7d and drives throu gearing and dies on the front in it becomes a simple matter to thread the wire through the machine. Having threaded the wire and started the machine into operation, the metal curtain 28 is lowered and all of the mechanism is therefore well covered and protected. v

By reason of the driving mechanism described and the locatlon of the drawing rolls,

- ployed in drawing wire he so related one the s d of the latter may age of the wire to the other thatthe slip with respect to the roll sur aces is reduced to a small amount, which is sucient to talre care of normaldie weanand much smaller than with other machmescommonly cmfrom one diameter to another. The gearing descrihed permits ot a greetvariety in. the teeth or. in other words, speed ratios.

lit is to jbe particularly noted that the main driving shaft dl occupies a central position with respect Fig. l, and that the gearing radiates in four directions therefrom which makes a very com act arrangement and results in a short mac ine tor the work to he performed. The arrangement is such that with the same driving mechanism double rolls, such as shown in Fig. i, may be used on all eight of the roll shafts for small wire whereby sixteen reductions in section of the wire may be obtained instead oi twelve as shown. 'lhe use of single rolls in the top row and douhle rolls in the hottom row permits the reductions in the wire to be made at a lower speed than where all of the rolls are douhle,-an arrangement well adapted for larger sizes of wire.

made singlewith a somewhat lower spec numbers ot meshing to the rows of drawing rolls,

dos

oi the wire. in brief, by utilizing the same frame and simply changin the diameters of the rolls and insome cases t e many difi'erent sizes of wire may be drawn. in fact these changes permit of the same machine being used for as many sizes of wire as previously required three diderent machines of the priortypes. The rolls are arranged so that the supply wire enters and the finished wire comes out from the same on of the machine.

The arrangement of the rolls in the front of the machine and one row above the other also greatly simplifies the threading oi the wire initially or in the case of breakage of the wire. For small wire it is usually only necessary to insert the broken end into the die and then pull it through the next die and wrap it around a roll. The end isagain broken which reduces its section and permits of being threaded into and pulled through the next die and so on. For large wires it is usually necessary to point the wire heiorc it can be inser into the dies. My improved construction also has the advantages that the machine is compact, occupies a minimum amount of door space, is easy to string up, and may be operated at high speed without excessive vibration.

It is also to be noted that the wire enters and leaves the machine at the same end, which with the arrangement of rolls and driving mechanismshown, results in a short machine for a predetermined drawing operation. This is attained in part by having gearing as well,

llll

upper row of rolls until its section is some what reduced it travels back and forth over.

rolls in the lower row, first at the right hand end and then the left where it leaves the ma chine. From another point of view in passing over the lower rolls the wire resembles a belt passing over rolls at both ends of the loop.

What I claim as new and desire .to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States, is,

'1. Ina wire drawing machine, the com-- bination of. a frame having a vertical partition, drawing rolls arranged in spaced parallel rows on the front face of the partition, the wire continuously passing .over of rolls from one end of the machine to the other and looping back and forth first over the rolls at one end of the other row and then looping back and forth over the other end rolls of the same row and leaving the machine at the same end at which it entered, fixed dies between rolls, a main driving shaft on the back side of the partition centrall located both horizontally and vertically wit respect to said rows, shafts for driving the rolls, gearing between the main roll shafts, other gearing transmitting motion from certain of the roll shafts nearer the main shaft to the shafts of the end rolls both in the upper and lower rows, whereby the surface speed of the rolls is progressively increased starting with the first roll in the first row and ending with the roll under the first in the lower row, and a motor for driving the.

main shaft at a predetermined constant speed.

2. In a wire drawing machine, the combination of a frame having a vertical partition, spaced drawing rolls mounted on the front of thepartition and arranged in horizontal rows, one row, above the other with the initial and final rolls located at the same end of the machine, horizontal shafts extending through the partition from the rear for driving each of the rolls, a main driving shaft located centrally of the frame in the rear of the partition, pairs of spur gearing located in the rear of the partition for independently transmitting motion from the main shaft to some of the roll shafts'of both the upper and lower rolls, other gearing also located in the rear of the partition for transmitting motion from certain of the roll shafts to other roll shafts located at greater distances from the main shaft, all of said gearings cooperating to dr1ve the rolls at one row the partition,

progressively increasing surface speeds from the initial to the final roll to distribute the nation of a frame having avertical partition,

spaced drawing rolls mounted on the front of the partition and arranged in spaced horizontal rows of three or more, those in one row turning in one direction and those in the other row in the opposite direction, the

wire entering and leaving the machine at the same end and passing over each roll of one row in one direction and over each roll of the other row in the opposite direction, horizontal shafts for the rolls extending through thepartition from the rear side thereof,a main driving shaft located at the rear. of the partition in a position approximately central of said rows both vertically and horizontally, gearing between the main and roll shafts also located in the rear of said gearing driving the rolls at progressively increasing surface speeds corresponding to the increased length of wire due to reduction of its cross-section to distribute the total slippage over all of the rolls and prevent concentration thereof at one roll, and dies supported on the front of the partition in such positions as to act on the wire I the rolls. 1

4. In a wire drawing machine, the combination of a frame having a vertical partitlon, spaced drawing rolls mounted on the front of the partition and arranged in horizontal rows, one row above the other, those in one row turning in one direction and those in the other row in the opposite direct1o n, the wire enterin and leaving the machine atthe same en and passing over the rolls of one row in the same direction and over the rolls of the other row in the opposite direction, extending through the partition from the rear side thereof, a main driving shaft located at the rear of the partition in a-pohorizontal shafts for the rolls prior to its passing around each of sition approximately central of said rows both vertically and horizontally, spur gears driven by the main shaft for directly driving certain of the roll driving shafts, chain gear-.

ing driven by certain of the roll shafts for driving those-rolls located at the extreme ends of both of said rows, said spur and chain nation of a frame having a vertical partition, a series of drawing rolls mounted on the front face of said partition, some of said rolls having a plurality of drum faces and being arranged in pairs so that the wire passes around the first roll of'said pair-to and around the second roll thereof, loops back over said first roll and passes again around said second roll before passing to the next succeeding roll, dies supported on the front of said partition in such position as to act upon the wire prior to passing around each roll and means for driving said rolls.

6. In a wire drawing machine the combination of a frame having a vertical partition, a series of drawing rolls mounted on the front face of said rolls having drum aces of difierent diampassin eters and being arranged in pairs so that the wire passes around a small drum face on the first roll of said pair to and around a small drum face of the second roll of said pair, loops back over a larger drum face of the first roll and passes to and around a larger drum face of the second roll, dies supported on the front of said partition in such position as to act on the wire prior to its around each drum face and means for driving said rolls.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 16th day of May, 1930.

ERNEST W. CLARK.

artition, some of said

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