US1895235A - Heat recuperating apparatus of the cowper type and a brick for the honeycomb structure - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 24, 1933. G. SIMON 145911235l HEMI' RECUPERATING APPARATUS OF THE GOWPER TYPE AND vA BRICK FOR THE HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE Filed Dec. 25, .1951 5 sheets-sheet 1 ai i; 5b

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PE A ING APPARATUS oF THE cow HEAT RECU PER TYPE AND A IGK FOR THE HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE Filed DSG. 23. 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ESWC@ Jan. 24, 1933.

HEAT REC RATING BRICK FoR TRE RoNEYcoMB STRUCTURE Filed 23. 1931 s sh 1,895,235 AND G. SIMON APPARATUS OF THE COWPER TYPE.

eecs--Sheet` 3 l \Y W \Y WW W W WW WW WW W i TW w WW" Affare" ley( Patented Jan. 24, 1933 HEAT BECUP'EMTING APPARATUS 0F THE COWPER TYPE AND I HONEYCOMB S'.l.1R.UCPFU'BJEv UNITED "s'iATi-:s`

,PATENT OFFICE lciiizoiauiiis srMoN, or BRUSSELS, BELGIUM, AssIGNon 'ro SOCIT ANoNYME noUennE MABIHAYE, oF OUGREE, BELGIUM, A COMPANY or BELGIUM A BRICK ron 'rmi l Application med December 28, 1931. Serial No. 582,897. v, i

4The present invention relates toa heat recuperating-apparatus of the .Cowper type, comprising a checkerwork or stack of refracto bricks, forming longitudinal ducts throug which the gases iow. I

'These checkerworks which five years, and are 'at the pr'sent time emloyed in some thirty installations. They ave the great advantage in the first place of comprisin no sharp angles (right angle or acute ang e) and inthe second place of having a heating surface which is strictly proportional tothe heat capacity. The gasl passes through them with practically no refA sistance, and without leaving any trace of dust therein. to the brics formed long candles mounted at fairly considerable heights, and, like all other s stems, ein loying the same type of stacking iiat forme an arrangement which in time, as the result of contractions, developed tende encies to move, to deviate fromtheir original vertical position and to collapse at certain points for a height of several metres.

Moreover, whatever may be the conditions of working with this type of stacking, heat` is transmitted in a very ra id and intense manner to the upper part o the apparatus, thus producing distortions and irregular contractions and a very low thermal efficiency in the lower two thirds of the apparatus, together with very different iiuid speeds. In `spite of these phenomena, the eiliciency of the ap aratus reaches 84%,

ccording to the invention and in order to remove this disadvantage, the exchange of heat between the hot gases and the bricks is increased as these gases approach the outlet end ofthe apparatus, and for this purpose the stacking is formed of diiferent bricks which, while leaving a practically constant section-of passage for the gases, have, in the direction of flow of the hot gases, a useful surface increasing in ratio with their volume. .y These bricks and particularly the vlower bricks of the checkerwork are so shaped that J \y present time these interlocking.

Thev grating sup 'o shaped to suit the clix In comparison with existing gratings it has the advantage of .being lighter and more p. simple.

are of hexag onal section have been in currentY use for lIn the known regulating apparatus with accelerated: draught it has upto the present timebeen possiblle to recover from 80-87% ofthe heat. The losses maybeI considered to be dueto:

1. 3-770 at the chimney 4 2. 10-13% by radiation (average 12%). The greater part. of this radiation comes ,from the cupola and to'f or 8 metres below the cupola. The'cupola in fact concentrates the highest internal temperature and cannot be insulated as perfectly as the remainder of the apparatus. Moreover,on vaccount of its elevated position-,itis more strongly subjected to all atmospheric influences, such as rain or snow, wind and frost.

This difficulty has hitherto been remediedw by increasing the thickness of refractoryinaterial and also by making the cover of the apparatus overla Neither the radiation rting these bricks is eckerwork it supports.

nor the result o the' above mentioned influence has been completely overcome.

In order to remove this disadvantage, according to theinvention, the air intended for the combustion is made vto flow through a casing which surrounds the upper partof theV apparatus. In this manner the air injected, instead of being cold, is raised to a temperaf ture for example of T0-80 C. by the recuperatiton .of a part of the radiated heat, and the apparatus iS thus actually removed from atmospheric infiuence. v

i The accompanying drawings illustrate by Vway of example and in a nonlin'iiting inanner one embodiment of the invention.' The invention also extends to the various original features which the arrangement shown comprises. l

Figure l is a diagrammatic sectional View of a Cowper apparatus according to the invention. A Y

Figure 2 is a plan view of a portion of a lower layer of bricks in the checkerwork.

Figures 3, 4 and 5 are respectively perspective partial Views of a brick in the lower part of the honeycomb, a brick in the upper part of the honeycomb, and an intermediate 'led through the duct 2, passed througha convergent-divergent nozzle 2a and then burned in the presence of oxidizing air injected under pressure. The combustion of the gases is completed in the well 4. When the burnt gases have reached the cupola 5 l they again descend through the ducts 6 and 6a of the checkerwork, w ich they heat and then escape through the ducts 7 to the chimne FV'hen the apparatus cools, fresh air enters '25 through the duct 7, passes through the checkerwork in which it is heated and then escapes through the duct 8 from which it is delivered to suitableconsuming apparatus such as blast furnaces.

The upper part 6 of the :checkerwork is formed by a stack'of bricks 17 1n which the ratio between the surface and the volume of each brick 17 is smaller thanthe same ratio in the case of the bricks 16 forming the lower parta of the stack.

Between these two parts' of 'the checkerwork is interposedalayer of bricks 18 of special form, for` connecting together the shapes of the up rand lower bricks. These various kinds o bricks are described hereinafter.

The checkerwork structure is carried by a. grating 9 resting on sup orts 9a.

The sheet metal cupo a 5a is covered by vanother cupola 5b which is substantially concentric, and projects out over a certain part of the height of the apparatus, for example a quarter. These two cupolas between them form a spherical and cylindrical air jacket. The base of this jacket is pierced with numerous holes such as 10. The upper part of this jacket is connected by a heat insulated pipe 11 (shown in dotted lines) with a fan shown diagrammatically at 110i:` The air for combustion is drawn in through the holes 10,

heated by its passage through the jacket,

iows through the duct 11 and is delivered by the fan to the duct 2a. Thus, instead of de- ,livering cold air, air is injected which has a temperature of about TO-80 C.

The advantages of this method are chiefly as follows:

1. The initial cupola 5a and the apparatus itself are protected in a. practical manner from atmospheric influences;

2. The loss in temperature is very small,l

as the ducts such as 11 are heat insulated, as also may be the cupola 5b itself;

3. The saving in heat is about 1% on the total delivery of the blast furnace to which the Cowper apparatus is coupled.

The bricks forming the lower part 6a of the'stack comprise four holes, as will be seen in Figures 2 and 3. Two of these holes are provided on one side with a seating 12 while the other side of the brick comprises a circular projection 12a whereby the bricks can interengage. When a number of these bricks are connected together, they have in plan view the appearance shown in Figure 2, in which the joints between each of the bricks are shown in full lines. The arrangement of two successive layers of bricks is established by a relative displacement between the bricks of each layer, so that one brickin theupper layer serves for connecting two adjacent bricks in the lower layer.

In Figure 2 the joints between the bricks in the upper layer are shown in dotted lines.

This enables the arrangement of these bricks to be followed with ease. The locking and interengaging stack of bricks thus formed is very rigid. Moreover, the holes in the bricks coincide and form ducts which have no sharp angles.

Figure 4 shows a View of a brick forming the upper part of the checkerwork. This brick comprises one hole only. In comparison with the brick shown in Figure 3 the ratio of the useful surface to the volume of the brick is smaller than in the case shown in Figure 4. This brick also comprises seatings and projections 12b and 12o similar to those shown in Figure 3. 7

The connection between the upper part of the stack employing the bricks shown in Fi ure 4 and the lower part employing the brics shown in Figure 3, is obtained by bricks `such as that shown in iFigure 5. These bricks comprise one hole only, which on' one face (back face) is ident of the upper checkerwork and on the other face (front face) has the form of a cover for the four holes in a brick of the lower part of the honeycomb. 1

Seatings and projections identical to those shown in Figures 3 and 4 are provided on the bricks shown in Figure 5.

The grating 9 (Figure 6) is formed of plates of suitable dimensions with regard to the distance between the supports such as 9a. These plates are pierced with holes which are identical both in form and arrangement to Vthose in the lower bricks. YSoinefofthese holes may be provided with proj ions such as 9b for cooperating with there'cesses in the lower stack of bricks.

The supports 9a which carry these gratings are placed on supporting columns 14. They are formed by two parallel beams 9a stayed ical to the holes in a brick 'i by 'cross ribs 15, 15a, 15b castlwith the beams. These beams are also provided at their lower part with abutments 15o cooperating with the upper part of the columns let.

As shown in Figure 7, the upper part of each of the beams is provided with recesses for giving freedom to the holes in the grating which are situated immediately belo'a1 these beams (Figure 6) For this purpose the recesses are formed laterally in the case of holes which only fall partlyon the said beams, while the upper part of these beams is bevclled when the holes lie over the whole thickness of the beam.

Naturally the invention is not limited to the form of the recesses shown.

It is to be understood that the method and apparatus described above must simply be considered as a constructional example of the invention, and that numerous modifications may be made in the spirit of the invention or in the scope of the following claims.

lVhat I claim is:

l. In a heat recuperating apparatus of the Cowper type, a eheckerwork of refractory material formed by superposed, horizontal layers of joined bricks, each brick being elongated and provided with a plurality of apertures for the formation of channels for the passage of gas,l the bricks of successive layers being intercrossed in a manner such that the apertures forming passages of one brick of one layer correspond with the apertures of a plurality of bricks of adjacent layers, annular seats surrounding one extremity of two of the apertures of each brick, annular projections corresponding to the seats formed at the other extremity of the two apertures,

the bricks of each layer being constructed in a manner such that the apertures provided with seats and the annular projections are positioned at the angles of regular polygonal figures, the sides of which are equal and parallel, the projections provided on one brick of one layer being engaged in the seats of two bricks of an adjacent layer.

2. In a heat recuperating apparatus of the -Cowper type, a checkerwork of refractory material formed by superposed horizontal layers of joined bricks, each brick of the lower portion of said checkerworkbeing elongated and provided with a plurality of apertures for the formation of channels for the passage of gas, the bricks of successive layers being intercrossed in a manner such that the apertures forming passages of one brick of one layer correspond with the apertures of a plurality of bricks of adjacent layers, annular seats surrounding one extremity of two of the apertures of each brick, annular projections corresponding to the seats formed at the other extremity of the two apertures', the bricks of eachV layer being constructed in a manner such that the apertures provided with seats and the annular projections are positioned at the angles of regular poly onal figures, the sides of which are equal an parallel, the projections provided of one brick of one layer being engaged in the seats of two bricks of an adjacent layer, the bricks in the upper part of the checkerwork being constructed .similarly to those in the lower portion but having a single gas passage aperture extending therethrough of a cross-section larger than that of the apertures of the bricks of the lower part of the checkerwork, an intermediate layer of bricks, each brick having the same number of apertures as the bricks in the upper part of the checkerwork and adapted to connect the apertures of the bricks in the upper and lower parts of the checkerwork, the extremities of the passage of the bricks in the upper portion of the checkerwork being provided with interlocking seats and projections and the bricks in the intermediate layer being provided with interlocking seats vand projections adapted 'to cooperate with those in both theupper and lower parts of the checkerwork.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

GEORGES SIMON.

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