US1866307A - Steam generating installation - Google Patents

Description

July 5, 1932. a. P. JACKSON STEAM GENERATING INSTALLATION Filed June 4, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I I z z //n IN VENTOR W ATTORNEY) I, nn/9 July 5, 1932 G. P. JACKSON 1,866,307

7 STEAM GENERATING INSTALLATION Fil ed June 4, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR M ATTORNEYS Patented July 5, 1932 UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE BUSTION ENGINEERING CORPORATION,

DELAWARE OF NEW YORK N. Y., A. CORPORATION OF STEAM. GENERATING INSTALLATION Applicationfiled June 4, 1929. Serial' No. 368,227.

This invention relates to steam generating installations and has for its primary object the provision of an improved installation which is inexpensive, compact and effective and which has among its advantages the following.

Theobtaining of any desired temperature for superheat through the provision of an arrangement of boiler tubes in advance of the superheater which may readily be increased or decreased in number and the spacing of which may be readily altered- Ample superheater space with ready accessibility to the superheater and also arranged to be easily made free from air leaks.

The furnace tu es may be of a spacing to meet any type of firing condition and the spacing thereof is not dependent on the spacing of the boiler tubes.

It is another object of the invention to provide-in an arrangement whereby the evaporating elements of the boiler largely define the combustion space of the boiler-an upright two drum boiler unit; front tubes of which in part define a portion of a wall of the combustion space and in part the top of the combustion space, which also afi'ord a space for a superheater, other tubes of such boiler unit serving as convection surface to suitably lower the temperature of gases for entrance into a combustion air heater.

The purpose of this arrangement is to provide a design of installation suitable for average pressures in contradistinction to real high pressures, and it is especially useful in a steam generating installation adapted to be pperated at high ratings with high capacity.

It is still another object of the invention to provide a two drum upright boiler unit in combination with other evaporating surfaces defining combustion space of thefinstallation in such manner that substantially all of the active heat absorbing surface of the installation discharges steam abovethe water line while, at the same time, ade uate supply for all of such active heat absor ing surface is ensured.

How the foregoing, together with such other objects and advantages as may hereinrow consists of five tubes. v

tend vertically upward from the drum 3 for after appear, or are incident to my invention,-

are realized is illustrated in preferred form n 7 associated with the combustion chamber, the

combustion chamber being located in front of and beneath the boiler unit; a superheater C located in a superheater space 1) provided in the boiler unit B, burner means E for admitting-finely divided fuel and air into the combustion chamber in a manner to produce turbulent and instense combustion, the burners being preferably tangentially disposed; an oiftake F for the products of combustion; and an air heater G located in the ofi'take.

The boiler unit B comprises alower mud drum 3, an upper steam and water drum 4, a bank of upright convectiontubes '5 connecting said drums, upper front -header means, in this instance comprising a row of upper front headers 6 located to one side of the drum 4 and spaced substantially ,there-' from, although it is to be understood that a single box header may be employed, a bank of bent boiler tubes 7 connecting the lower drum 3 and they headers 6', a plurality of upcomer tubes 8 leading from the headers 6 to the steam space of the upper drum 4, suitable bafllin 9 in thebank of tubes 7 arranged to provi e a top outlet 10 for the combustion chamber communicating. with the superheater space D and suitable bafiling 11 for the bank of tubes 5 arranged'to provide a. plurality of up and down passes for the gases superheater space D to the oiftake F.

The tubes of the bank 7 are arranged in vertical spaced rows and ashereinshowneach These tubes exa portion of their length and then bend and extend substantially horizontally for the remainder of their length, it being preferable to have them incline slightly toward the headers. The vertical portion of this bank of tubes is located closely adjacent the upright bank of convection tubes 5.

Through the arrangement of boiler just described I am enabled to provide ample space between the substantially horizontally extending portion of the bank of tubes 7 and the upcomer tubes 8 for the location of the superheater C. A superheater so located is readily accessible for repairs and cleaning. The upcomer tubes 8 constitute the top of the superheater space and act as a support for a sheathing or covering for the space. Thus I have provided an inexpensive construction which can easily be made free from air leaks.

The arrangement of tubes below the superheater can be made so as to give any desired temperature at the superheater both in regard to any spacing that is desirable in these tubes and also as to the number of tubes desired in a vertical direction. Ifit is desired to obtain lower superheat temperature, a greater number of tubes may be employed in the bank 7. Also, if it is desired to increase the superheat temperature certain of the tubes may be removed, in which case the idle tube holes in the headers would be plugged.

. The arrangement of the tubes of the bank 7 is such that definite circulation is provided, it being noted that a very substantial individual head is provided in these tubes.

The combustion chamber A above referred to has its front wall defined by a row of closely spaced upright tubes 12 which pass outwardly to the exterior of the combustion chamber at their lower and upper ends for connection into the outside lower and upper headers 13 and 14 respectively. A plurality of upcomer tubes 15 lead from the upper headers 14 of the front wall tubes to the steam space of the drum 4. The tubes 15 pass inwardly from the headers 14, then upwardly through the spaces between the vertical rows of tubes'of the bank 7 and then bend and pass rearwardly along the upper part of the superheater space D tothe steam space of the drum 4. It will be noted that the tubes 12 of the front wall pass outwardly at their upper ends at a point below the horizontally extending portions of the tubes of the bank 7, and, there- 'fore, the spacing of these tubes is not dependent on the spacing of the tubes in the bank 7 and consequently any spacing can be used in the front wall to suit operating conditions. In the drawings I have shown the spacing of the tubes 12 considerably less than the spacing of the rows of tubes of the bank 7.

The bottom of the combustion space is defined by a row of tubes 16, which tubes incline upwardly and forwardly from the lower rear header or small drum 17 tothe lower header 13 of the front wall. A plurality of downcomers 18 are connected at their upper ends into the drum 3 and at their lower ends into the header 17 to supply water to the header 17 from the drum.

The lower rear portion of the combustion chamber is defined by a row of upright tubes 19 which are connected at their lower ends into the lower header 17. The tubes of this row at their upper ends are connected to elbows 20 located inside the drum 3, which elbows serve to connect the tubes 19 with a row of upright tubes 21 grouped with the tubes of the convection bank 5 and extending upwardly for connection into the steam space of the upper drum 4. 7

Each side of the combustion space is defined by a row of closely spaced upright tubes 22, the lower ends of which are connected into an outside header 23 and the upper ends of which are connected into an outside header 24. The headers 23 are supplied from the small drum 17 by a plurality of bent tubes 25 and the upper headers 24 deliver to the upper drum 4 by means of a plurality of upcomer tubes 26 connecting the upper headers with the steam space of the drum 4. The tubes of the rows 12, 19 and 22 are preferably provided with longitudinally extending fins.

The upper rear portion of the combustion chamber is defined by the vertically extending portion of the bank of tubes 7 and the top of the combustion chamber is formed by the substantially horizontally extending portion of the bank of tubes 7. Stated in another way I have provided an upright two drum boiler unit having tubes so arranged that front tubes thereof in part define a portion of a wall of the combustion space of the installation and in part the top of the combustion space.

In an installation of the character described the tubes of the bank 5, under most operating conditions, act as downcomers and, therefore, adequate supply for all of the active heat absorbing surface is ensured, not only because of the head but also because of the pull caused by theactive heat absorbing surfaces, all of which discharge above the water line and receive their supply from the lower drum. Inasmuch as all of the active heat absorbing surfaces discharge steam above the water line of the upper drum a high quality of steam is ensured. The pull of the bank. of tubes 5 also makes for a high quality of steam. I To further ensure that a high quality of steam is obtained, I may employ baffling in the drum 4, such, for example, as a perforated plate.

The arrangement of the tubes of the bank 5 may be made to give, within reasonable limits, any desired gas temperature at the exit dependent on the size of drum employed and the bafiling arrangement.

I claim 1. A boiler comprising, in combination, an upper steam and water drum, a lower mud drum, vertically extending bent tubes connecting said drumsiupper header means located to one side of the upper drum, a bank of tubes connecting the lower drum to said header meanspomprising a plurality of rows of bent tubes, said tubes extending vertically adjacent to the aforesaid vertically extending bent tubes for a portion of their length ,and substantially horizontally for the remainder of their length, tubes connecting said upper header means withthe steam space of the upper drum, said last mentioned tubes and the substantially horizontal portion of said bank of tubes constituting the upper and lower boundaries of a superheater space, and a superheater located in said space.

2. A boiler comprising, in combination, an upper steam and water-drum, a. lower mud drum, upper header means located to one side of and substantially spaced from the upper drum, a bank of vertical, bent tubes connecting said drums, at bank of bent tubes connecting the mud drum and the upper header means, the tubes of said bank extending vertically adjacent to the first mentioned bank of tubes for a portion of their length and substantially horizontally in the upper portion of the boiler for the remainder of their length, a row of tubes connecting the upper header means to the'steam space of the i of boiler tubes in the combustion chamber and upper drum, said row of, tubes being spaced above the substantially horizontal portion of the second bank to provide a superheater space therebetween, and a superheater located in said space.

3. A steam generating installation comprising, in combination,-a boiler includin an upper steam and water drum, a lower mu drum, a set of upper headers located to one side of and substantially spaced from the upper drum, vertically extending bent tubes connecting said drums, a bank of bent tubes connecting the mud drum to the set of upper headers, said tubes being arranged in spaced vertical rows and extending vertically for a portion of their length and substantially horizontally for the remainder of their length, and tubes connecting said set of headers with the steam space of the upper drum; a combustion chamber located in front of and beneath said boiler; sets marginal of combustion space thereof downcomer tubes leading from the lower drum of the boiler to said sets of boiler tubes; upcomer tubes leading from said sets of boiler tubes to the steam space of the upper drum;

and means for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber to be burned in space therein. i

t. A steam generating installation comprising, in combination; a boiler including an upper steam and water drum, a lower mud drum, 2; set of upper headers located to one side of and substantially spaced from theupper drum, vertically extending bent tubes connecting the mud drum to the set of upa per headers, said tubes being arranged in spaced vertical rows and extending vertically for a portion of their length and substantially horizontally for the remainder of their length, and tubes connecting said set ofheaders with the steam space of the uppendrum; a combustion chamber located in front of and beneath said boiler; boiler tubes in the combustion chamber and-marginal of combustion space thereof including a row of vertical tubes lining the front wall of the combustion chamber, a header into which the lower ends of said tubes are connected, a header into which the upper ends of said tubes are connected, means for connecting the lower header to the mud drum of the boiler, and tubes connecting the upper header into the steam space of the upper drum of the boiler, said tubes extending upwardly through the spaces between the-rows of tubes of the bank connecting the mud drum to the upper set of headers of the boiler and then rearwardly to the upper drum; and means for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber to. be burned in space therein.

'5. In combination, an upper and a lower drum, a bank of upright convection tubes connecting them, a set of upper headers to one side of and. spaced from the upper drum, a bank of bent boiler tubes connecting the lower drum to said set of headers, the tubes of said bank being arranged in vertical spaced rows and extending upright for a portibn of their length and substantially horizontally for the remainder of their length, the upright portion thereof being adjacent the upright convection bank,-tubes connecting said set of headers to the steam space of the upper drum, a combustion chamber the top of the combustion space of which is defined by the substantially horizontal portion of the bank connecting the lower drum and the set of headers and-an upright portion of which is defined by the upright portion of saidbank, a superheater space above said substantially horizontal portion of said bank, a superheater in said space, battling for said last mentioned bank providing an outlet from the combustion chamber to the superheater space, and baffling' for said bank ofconvection tubes providing up and down gas passes in said bank, an oiftake, an airheater in said ofitake, and means for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber to be burned in space therein;

,6. In combination, an upper and, a lower drum, a bank of upright convection tubes connecting them, a set of upper headers to one side of-and spaced from the upper drum,

a bank of bent boiler tubes connecting the lower drum to said set of headers, the tubes of said bank being arranged in vertical spaced rows'and extending upright for a portion of their length and substantially horizontally for the remainder of their length, the upright portion thereof being adjacent the upright convection, bank, tubes connecting said set of headers to the steam space of the upper drum, a combustion chamber the top of the combustion space of which is defined by the substantially horizontal portion of the bank connecting the lower drum and the set of headers and an upright portion of which is defined by the upright portion of said bank, radiant heat tubes largely defining the remainder of the combustion space, downcomer connections from the lower drum to the radiant heat tubes and upcomer connections from the radiant heat tubes to the steam space of the upper drum, a super heater space above said substantially horizontal portion of said bank, a superheater in said space, baflling providing an outlet from the combustionvchamber to said superheater space, an offtake, and other baffling associated with the first bafiling to provide up and down passes among the convection bank for the gases of combustion in their passage from the superheater space to the offtake, an air heater in said offtake, and means for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber to be burned in space therein.

7. In combination, a'boiler including upper and lower rear drums, a bank of upright convection tubes connecting said drums,

a row of upper front headers, a bank of bent tubes connecting the lower drum and said headers, the tubes of said bank extending upright for a portion of the length and substantially horizontally for the remainder of their. length and being arranged in vertical spaced rows, tubes connecting said headers to the steam space of the upper drum, a combustion chamber located in front of and beneath the boiler, .a row of upright radiant heat tubes defining the'front wall of the combustion chamber, means connecting said radiant heat tubes to the lower drum, an upper header into which the upper ends of said tubes are connected, upcomer tubes connecting said upper header into the steam space of said drum, and; means for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber to be burned in space therein. p 8. In combination, a boiler including upper and lower rear drums, a bank of upright convection tubes connecting said drums, a row of upper front headers, a bank of bent tubes connectin headers, the tu es of said bank extending upright for a portion of the length and substantially horizontally for the remainder of their length and being arranged in vertical spaced rows, tubes connecting said headers 'to the steam space of the upper drum, a comthe lower drum and said name.

GEORGE P. JACKSON.

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