US1810203A - Furnace and the like - Google Patents

Description

June 16, 1,931. R, D, DE WOL.; 1,810,203

FURNACE AND THE `LIKE Fil'ed May 1' 1926 PZ] @gl A 11111 1111.11` W N 1U HU il.,

Patented June 16, 1931 'ROGER D. DE WOLF,.0F ROCHESTER, NEW YORK FURNACEAND THE LIKE Appneetion mea May 1, 192s. serial No. 105,123.`

This invention relates to structures enclosing heat chambers, such as to combustion chamber constructions and furnaces, and particularly to the variety adapted for the burning of finely divided fuel, such as powdered or pulverized coal for example. In the burning of such fuel, the fueland some or all of thev airmay be introduced together into the combustion chamber, and since the velocity of the entering air and fuel must of necessity be greater than the rate of flame propagation in order to prevent back fire, a relatively long flame travel is required. There have been operating objections to having the flame travel extended horizontally, and in obtaining a vertical ilametravel of sufficient length, difculty has been experienced in obtaining a sui'liciently `strong and durable'construction, owing to the fact that 550 the heat resisting lining bricks usually employed were incapable of withstanding the pressure from superposed bricks in the high wall necessarily provided when obtaining a 'flame travel of sufficient length.

" The liningv bricks burn out or.. become injured at times, requiring,their replacement. l'leretofore it has been di'icult, and frequently impossible to remove defective or burned' liningbricks independently of the others, or without tearing down and then rebuilding the lining walls. When some of the lower bricks were removed there was then no support forthe upper bricksI which were supported thereon.

An object of the invention is to provide a structure enclosing a heat chamber, such as a furnace, of an improved and more efficient type of construction, particularly as regards the side wall structure, characterized gener- 'i0 ally by increased strength, with, economy of materials and decreased stresses upon the weaker parts. Another object is the provision of such construction in a form facilitating replacement of burned or defective parts with a minimum expenditure of time and eX- pense. More particularly stated, another Objectis to provide aside wall construction in the nature of a steel fra-me on which the A refractory material or fire bricks are detach'- "JQ ably supportedf'o-r practically.independent removal and by which the principal stresses are carried, so as to aord a construction which may be made of any desired height without danger of injury to or crushing of the lining bricks. s i

Various other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the invention, and the novel features will be particularly pointed out in connection with theappended claims.

This application is a continuation in part of lmy copending application,l Serial No. 694,196, filed February 21, 1924, whichhas now matured into Patent No. 1,705,965, issued March 19, 1929. y i

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation of a part of the front wall of the furnace,'with the outer covering removed, and with certain parts of the lining broken away to show other details; y

Fig. 2 is a plan of the same section of wall yg' Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation through apart of one of thewalls of the furnace, and illustrating certain details of construction; and

Fig. 4 is a'perspective of a' portion ofthe front walll of the furnace, and illustrating ,certain details of construction. y Y

Referring n'owparticularlyto Figures 2, 3, and 4, the lateral walls of the structure which enclose the combustion chamber include a structural steel frame work having I-beams or posts 10 running vertically. A plurality of hanger blocks`11 are arranged inA columns' along the vertically extending beams 10 and are anchored thereto in columns in any suitable manner', such as by individual clamping devices 12 which embrace and are clamped to the beam and also portions of each hanger block, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.

The blocks may have grooves or undercut portions 13 into which arms of the clamping devices 12 engage, so as to eect a very lirm clamping connection between the hanger blocks and the riser .beams 10. p

Each hanger 'block is provided at its end opposite the clamp with lateral wings 14, and the wings of each column of hanger blockseXtend toward the adjacent blocks of adjacent columns as will loe-evident from Figures 2 and Y4. A plurality of heat .resistingv lining bricks are interposed between the columns of hanger blocks and inter-locker with the wings 14 so as to be confined through the hanger blocks to the frame. The lining bricks 15 may be made of such dimensions as to extend halfway the distance between two adjacent columns, and thus each double column of bricks between each pair of columns of Yhanger blocks will lill the space between two columns. Each brick may have on the side edge a vertically extending groove 16 in which a wing 14 of a hangergblock may be received.

As will be evident from Figures 2 and 4, whenever two liningbricks 15 are in position between the two columns and are dropped over the wings 14 of the two columns, the bricks will abut one another and thus be locked to the hanger blocks against horizontal displacement. he bricks 15 each extend partially over the projecting end faces of the hanger blocks with which they interlock7 and each brick bysuch extension abuts against the extension of the brick which inter-locks with the other wing of the same h anger block, so that the bricks 15 will form a continuous lining for the structure and cover and protect the hanger blocks.

The lining bricks 15 are made of suitable heat resisting material such as fire clay. To reduce the stresses to which such refractory material is subjected, I have provided means for supporting the lining bricks and hanger blocks in groups, and the weight to which any block or lining brick will be subjected will not surpass the weight of any superposed blocks or bricks in that group. l may secure a plurality of angular foot plates or shelves 17 to the steel frame, such as to the vertically extending beams, so as to form ledges. These angular foot plates extend around the interior of the frame at different levels and the hanger blocks 11 rest in groups upon these foot plates so as to be supported thereby from the frame. Thus the hanger blocks 11 will be supported in short columns between the vertically spaced foot plates or shelves.

Certain hanger blocks 11 which are designated 11a are somewhat longer horizontally than the other blocks, so as to extend slightly further into the combustion chamber, as shown clearly in Fig. 3. These special blocks 11a are disposed lowermost in each column that rests upon a foot plate or shelf and by reason of their Ureater lengths there will be a short ledge or shoulder at the forward end of each upon which may rest the lining bricks 15 that are interconnected to the other hanger blocks 11 in that column between foot plates. The lining bricks 15 which are interlocked with the special long hanger blocks 11a are designated as 15 and are made somewhat smaller in their dimensions between grooves 16 and the faces which form a part `5 of the chamber wall, so that when assembled as shown in Figures 3 and 4 the lining bricks 15 and 15a will form a practically continuous and unbroken lining surface. rlhe lining bricks 15L are supported against vertical movement upon the lining bricks 15 of the column next below, as will be observed from Figure 3.

lt is well known that such a structure will expand and contract with changes in Vtemperature, and unless provision is made for such expansions and contractions, the hanger blocks and lining bricks might be subjected to undesired crushing forces in addition to the weights to be supported. By having the blocks and bricks supporte l from the frame at intervals on the angular foot plates, they may expand and contract somewhat independently as well as with the frame. The distance between vertically spaced foot plates 17 will be slightly greater than the combined heights of the column of hanger blocks to be interposed therebetween, so that each short column between foot plates may expand between the foot plates without increasing the crushing forces to which the blocks and bricks of that column are subjected.

The lining bricks 15a which t against the lowermost block of each column between foot plates will overlie the edge of the foot plate and the space between the foot plate and the hanger block next below it, and thus will protec't the foot plate against the'heat from the combustion chamber. rl`he bricks 15EL also terminate slightly below the lowermost brick 15 which rests upon the ledge of the hanger block 11a to which these bricks 155L are interlocked, so that the. columns of interlocked lining bricks which are supported upon each projecting hanger block V11n may of their own accord expand and contract vertically to a slight extent, and thus accommodate themselves to changes in temperature without varyingthe compression forces to which they are subjected. rlhe spaces between the superposed columns of hanger blocks and between the superposed columns of lining bricks, may be. relatively small since there is only a slight difference in the rates of expansion in the steel frame and the masonry materials of which the hanger blocks and lining bricks are formed.

rlhe slight cracks between the lining bricks l5a and the other bricks 15 just above it which are provided in order to permit of the expansion of the bricks as units will lill with dust which effectively closes them, if desired, and preferably, these cracks or spaces may be filled with a suitable compressible packing which is also heat resisting such as some of the various tlaked asbestos packings. Such packing may also be provided it desired in the spaces below each projecting hanger block 1la and the uppermost hanger block 11 in the column immediately below it.

'hanging the projecting block of the column next above. Regardless of the height of the walls the pressure on the hanger blocks and lining bricks will not vary and ,such blocks and bricks may expand to a limited extent independently of the frame. 1With such a construction, therefore, the combustion chamber maybe of such a vertical height as to provide the desired llame travel.

By referring particularly to Figures 2 to l, it will be observed that the hanger blocks are individually clamped to the -beanis or posts, and that the lining bricks are attached to the hanger blocks. There-tore. when it is desired to remove ,and replace de,- fective or burned lining` bricks, it is not necessary to entirely tear down the Walls. One may merely release the clamping` devices for one or more of the hanger blocks by which the lining bricks are held in place and thus a few of the lining bricks may 'be'released to permit 'of their removal with onel or more of the hanger blocks, the other hanger blocks and the lining bricks being separately supported in such a manner as to permit of such removal. At most, only the particular lining bricks of a column supported upon any Ashoulder or special hanger block ll.a would have to be removed in order to replace any lining; brick in that column or groupsince all oct the groups of blocks and bricks are independently supported uponthe iframe posts and would not be afectedfbyv the `removal ot any ofthe bricks in any other group.r From this it will be observed that little effort and small expense are required'in orderv tol renew any portion of the lining as needed.

l/Jhere the structure is utilizedr with a boiler, various water tubes may be placed within the chamber [and along its lateral walls,'and groups 'of such tubes' in connection with drums orreserv-oirs may be placed in structure or casing which is connectedk to theupper end oi? the combustion chamber at a point spaced from the fuel inlet so as to receive the hot gases otcombustion. lt will be observed that with thisl particular block construction utilized inthe lateral walls, it is a. relativelL Vsimple matter to pass tube-s through the lateral walls tor connection to the water tubes that entendy along the sides of the combustion chamber.

The tubes along the side walls ci the ceinbustion chamber reduce the furl ace ten perature and thus 'aid in cooling the walls of the combustion chamber' but also provide additional heat. interchanging surface subject to the action of the burning fuel.v

Thestructure frame may be enclosed within a suitable sheet covering 19 which is spaced Vfrom the Vhanger blocks and lining bricks so as to form within the structure walls plurality of vertically extending@ channels that are divided the riser l-beams lilei' the frame. and the hang blocks into separate channels 20. The channelsthus formed open into the interior of the combustion chamber thrcugh apertures 22 in the '1,51 lire brick lining. The heated air in the various channels 2O will thus be conductedinto the combustion chamber through the apertures 22.

ln the front `vall of the structure it isdesirable to .prevent direct radiation of the heat from the combustion chamber thro-ugh the apertures 22 to the outer covering 19, and therefore the hanger' blocks may also be provided with shoulders 3l, (for instance, see '85 `to the outer coveringllQ, and may be spaced apa-rt vertically by spacing bricks 33 oi" tire resistingy material, the lengths out the spacing bricks being such as toproperly space the baille blocks the desired ammint,` and leave s pacesl between the blocks through which the air from the channels may pass to refachthe apertures 2.2. The spacing bricks and blocks may be confined against the shoulders 31 in any suitable manner, such as by bars Bawhich extend in directions lengthwise of the channels and bridge a number ol the blocks. The bars 34 maybe vconfined against the' blocks and bricks tiby cross bars which are sprung` between. the devices l2 attached to thebeams 10 .at the sides of that channel 20.

,lt will be' obvious .that various changes in the details, which have been herein described 33g anc illustrated in order toeXplain the nature of invention, may be made by thosenskilled in the art within the principle scopeof the invention as expressed in the' appended claims. .n Y

l claim as myvinvention:

l. In a furnace, a frame enclosinga chamber, hanger blocks arranged in 'supcrposed relation along` the walls of said frame to form CII and heat resisting bricks inter-locked with said hanger blocks and forming a continuous lining for the chamber, said bricks being also supported in groups by said hanger blocks whereby the crushing forces on sait bricks will-not be greater than the combined weight of the bricks ot any groups which are in superposed relation.

2. In a furnace, an enclosing structure, thcside walls of such structure including an upstanding trame provided with. posts, toot plates extending transversely of said posts and secured thereto at ditl'erent elevations, hanger blocks attached to said posts in superposed relation to one another, and arranged in column groups resting upon and supported by said foot plates, and heat resisting bricks interlock'ed with the columns of hanger blocks so as to be confined in superposed relation as a continuous lining tor the structure wall.

3. In a furnace, an enclosing structure the side walls of such structure including an upstanding frame provided with posts, toot plates extending transversely ot said posts and secured thereto at dil'lerent elevations, hanger blocks attached to said posts in super-posed relation to one another, and arranged in column groups resting upon and supported. by said toot plates, heat resisting bricks intcrlocked with the columns of hanger blocks so as to be coniinec in supergosod relation as a continuous lining` for the structure wall, the lining bricks ot each column being supported in groups through said groups oli hanger blocks and said foot plates, horizontally spaced columns ot hanger blocks with lining blocks interconnected therewith.

4. In a furnace, an enclosing structure, the side walls of such structure including an upstanding trame provided with posts, toot plates extending transversely of said post-s and secured thereto at diitl'erent elevations, hanger blocks attached. to said posts in superposed relation to one another, and arranged in column groups resting upon and supported by said foot plates,'heat resisting bricks interlockcd with the columns of hanger blocks so as to be confined in superposed relationas a continuous lining tor the structure wall, the upper hanger block of each column group beingnormally slightly spaced below the foot plate of the group next above it, so as to permit of independent vertical expansion of each column group ot hanger blocks.

5. In a furnace, an enclosing` structure, the side Walls of such structure including an upstanding frame provided with posts, foot plates extending transversely of said posts and secured thereto at different elevations, hanger blocks attached to said posts in superposer relation to one another, and arranged in column groups resting upon and supported by said foot plates, heat resisting bricks interlocked with the columns of hanger blocks so as to be conlined in superposed relation as a continuous lining for the structure wall, the upper hanger block of each column group being normally slightly spaced below thev side walls ot such structure including an upstanding frame provided with posts, toot plates extending transversely ot said posts and secured thereto at dillerent elevations,

hanger blocks attached to said posts in superposed relation to one another, and arranged i in column groups resiing upon and support ing` by said toot plates, heat resisting bricks interlocked with the columns of hanger blocks so to be confined inl superposed relation as a continuous lining for the structure wall, the upper hanger block ot' each columngroup being normally slightly spaced below the toot plate of the group next above it, so to permit of independent vertical expansion ot each column group of hanger blocks, the lowermost block of each column group extending slightly further into the enclosure than the others to provide a supporting ledge upon which rest the lining bricks connected to that column group, the uppermost lining brick ot each group overlapping with the lowerinost block ot' the column group nent above, whereby the lining bricks carried by each projecting hanger block will overrun the space between the upper block of that column and the foot plate and form a closed lining.

7. In a furnace, a. frame, a plurality of shelves projecting from the inner tace of said frame in vertically spaced relation above one another, hanger blocks vattached to said frame and arranged in groups forming columns between said shelves, which columns are spaced apart horizontally, at least one block oit each column group projecting slightly further trom the trame than the others so as to torm a supporting ledge, and heat resisting lining 'bricks attached to said hanger blocks so as to connectthe columns of the same and form a continuous lining, said lining bricks being also arranged in columns resting upon lthe projecting ledges, the bricks between eachv sisting lining bricks attached to said hanger blocks so as'to connect the columns of the sameiand form a continuous lining, said lin-v ing bricks being also arranged in columns resting upon the projecting ledges, the bricks between each pair ofcolumn blocks overlapping the blocks of the columns next above, the uppermost lining brick of each column terminating slightly below the lowermost brick of the column immediately above, whereby said lining bricks may expand vertically between the column groups, and whereby the lining bricks and hanger blocks will be supported in groups upon the foot plates. v A

9. ln a furnace, a frame having ledges upon its inner face at different elevations, anchor blocks attached to the frame and arranged in columns between said ledges, with each column supported upon a ledge, at least one block of each column projecting slightly further than the others to form an abutment, lining bricks filling the spaces between the columns of blocks in order-to form a continu-v ous lining surface, said bricks being arranged in superposed groupsresting upon the projecting abutments of the blocks, the bricks supported by one abutment of each group of blocks overlapping theledge next above, rand also a block of the column next above,in order to cover and protect the frame ledges and to limit the crushing force upon the blocks and bricks to the weight of the groups carried thereby independently of the height of the frame.

l0. ln a furnace, a frame having ledges upon its inner .faces at different elevations, an-

chor blocks attached to the'frame and arranged in columns between said ledges, with each column supported upon a ledge, at least one block of each column projecting slightly further than the others to form an abutment, lining bricks lling the spaces between the columns of bloc :s in order to form a continuous lining surface, said bricks being arranged in superposed groups resting upon the projecting abutments of the-blocks, the bricks supported by one abutment of each group of blocks overlapping the ledge next aboveand also a block ofthe column next above, in or- 1 der to cover' and protect the frame ledges and to limit the crushing force upon the blocks and bricks to the weight of the groups carried thereby' independently of the height of the frame, the said bricks which overlap the lowermost blocks of each column being slightly spaced from the bricks of the groups immediately above it, whereby said bricks may eXf pand vertically to a limited extent without varying the crushing forces upon the bricks. 1l. ln a furnace, a frame having ledges upon its inner face at different elevations,

anchor blocks attached to the frame and'arranged in columns between said ledges,` with each column supported upon a ledge, at least one 'block of each column projecting slightly further than the others to form an abutment,

lining bricks filling the spaces between the columns of blocks in order to forni a continuous lining surface, said bricks being arranged in superposed groups, resting upon the bricks supported by one abutment of each group offblocks projecting abutinents of the blocks overlapping the ledge next above and also a block of the columnfnext above, in order to cover and protect the frame ledges and to limit the crushing force upon the blocks and bricks to the weight of the groups carried thereby independently of the height of the frame, each column of blocks being slightly shorter than the space between the ledges whereby each column of blocks may expand vertically somewhat without` varying the crushing force upon them.

12. ln av furnace, a. frame upon its inner face at different elevations, anchorblocks attached to the frame and arranged in columns between said ledges, with each column supported upon a ledge, at least one block of each column projecting slightly 'f further than the othersto forni an 'abutment, lining bricks filling the spaces be.y

tween the columns of blocks in order to form acontinuous lining surface, said bricks being arranged in superposed groups, resting upon tlieprojecting abutments ofthe blocks, the bricks supported byone abutment offeach groupr of blocks overlapping theledge next n above and along a block of the column next having ledges above in order to coverand protect the frame l ledges and to limit the crushing force upon the blocks andfbricks tothe weight of 'the groups carried thereby independently of the height of, the frame, theA said bricks which overlap the lowermost blocks of each column being slightly spaced from the bricks ofthe group immediatelyV above it, whereby said bricks may expand vertically to a limited extent without var infr the crushing forces u aon the bricks, each column of blocks ybeing slightly shorter than the space between the ledges, whereby each column of blocks may expand vertically somewhat without varying the crushing force upon them.

13. In a furnace, a structure enclosing a combustion vchamber and having upstanding lateral wallsA comprising a structural steel frame, hanger blocks anchored to said frame along the inner face thereof, and lire resisting bricks i interlocked with f said hanger bricks and forming a continuous surface heat resisting lining :for the combustion chamber, whereby the lining may be renewed in sections by merely unclamping and removing the hanger blocks which confine'the particular lining bricks to lbe renewed.

14. In a furnace, a structure enclosing a combustion chamber and having upstanding lateral walls kcomprising a structural steel frame, anchor blocks attached to said frame -and supported thereby at points spaced ported from the frame through said anchor blocks.

15. In a wall structure, anchoring blocks and means supporting the` same in vertically and horizontally spaced relation, and surfacing blocks arranged in stacks and having vertical sliding interlocking engagement with said anchoring blocks and individually removable therefrom by vertical sliding movement to extreme position above the cooperating anchor blocks.

16. In a wall structure, a metallic framework including columns and rigidly connected thereto shelf-forming beams, anchoring blocks supported by said shelf-forming beams and anchored to said framework, surfacing blocks having vertical sliding interlocking engagement with said anchoring blocks and removable therefrom one at a time by vertical sliding movement to an extreme position above said anchoring blocks.

17. In a wall structure, anchoring blocks and means supporting the same in vertically and horizontally spaced relation, surfacing blocks arranged in stacks and having vertical sliding interlocking engagement with Saidianchoring blocks and individually removable therefrom by a vertical sliding movement to extreme position above the cooperating anchor blocks, the said anchor blocks and surfacing blocks forming independent belts in the wall, and filler blocks interposed between the belts.

18. In a wall structure, a metallic framework including columns and rigidly connected thereto shelf-forming beams, anchoring blocks supported by said shelf-forming beams and anchored to said framework, sur facing blocks having vertical sliding interlocking engagement with said anchoring blocks and removable therefrom one at a time by vertical sliding movement to an extreme position above said anchoring blocks, the said anchor blocks and surfacing blocks forming independent belts in the wall, and filler blocks interposed between the belts.

19. In a wall structure, anchoring blocks and means supporting the same in vertically and horizontally spaced relation, surfacing blocks arranged in stacks and having vertical sliding interlockingengagement with said anchoring blocks and individually removable therefrom by vertical sliding movement to extreme position above the cooperating anchor blocks, the said anchor blocks and surfacing blocksforming independent belts in the wall, and filler blocks interposed between the belts, the said filler blocks being spaced from the overlying surfacing blocks to form expansion joints.

20. In a furnace, a structure enclosing a combustion chamber and having upstanding walls comprising a frame, anchor members attached to said frame and supported thereby at points spaced throughout its height, and a plurality of heat resisting bricks supported by said anchor members and forming a heat.

resisting lining for said combustion chamber, :substantially all of said bricks being interlocked with said anchor members.

21. In a furnace, a struct-ure enclosing a combustion chamber and having upstanding walls comprising a frame including a series of upwardly extending frame members horizontally spaced from each other, a series of upwardly extending groups of anchor members, each group being secured to one of said frame members so that it may be removed from such frame iember independently of other groups, and a plurality of heat resisting bricks inter-locked with said anchor meml'ier. and forming lining for said combustion chamber.

22. In a furnace, a structure enclosing a combustion chamber and having upstanding walls comprising a frame including a series of upwardly extending frame members horizontally spaced from each other, a series of upwardly extending groups of anchor members, one group being arranged adjacent each of said upwardly extending frame men'ibers and each groupcomprising plurality of superposed anchor members, means securing each of said anchor members individually to its adjacent frame member so that any anchor member may be removed inde})endently of the anchor members of any other group, and a plurality of heat resisting bricks interlocked with said anchor members to form a lining for said combustion chamber.

23. In furnace construction, a series of upwardly extending beams provided with abutments, hanger bricks supported by said abutments, and facing bricks having detachable interlocking engagement with said hanger bricks.

24. In a furnace construction, a supporting frame comprising a. series of upwardly extending beams provided with abutments, hanger bricks supported by said abutments and secured to said frame, and facing bricks having detachable interlocking engagement with said hanger bricks.

ROGER D. DE WOLF.

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