US1794678A - Concrete building structure - Google Patents

Description

March 3, 1931. c. E. EALTMAN 1,794,678

CONCRETE BUILDING STRUCTURE Filed March 5, 1929 j; l j 17 17 17 f7 ff fo f4 ffy/euer.

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PatentedA Mal'. 3, 1931 PATENTv OFFICE UNITED ys'rmlss animation mea irai-cn s, me. semi mi. 344,490.

The ob ect of my invention is to provide a concrete uilding structure of simple, durable and inexpensive construction in which there is employed for the facings or exposed I surfaces thin panels of glass, tile or stone,

or the like, and which are permanently and rmly bonded to the completed building structure.

A ,further object is to provide a structure 1l of this character having a high degreeof at any desired points throughout the struc-- ture to meet the requirements of reinforcement.

A further object is to provide a building structure of this character in which an inner and an outer ashlar for formin the surfaces of a concrete wall may be flexi ly united at distances properly spaced apart so that when 89 being laid in a wall, both ashlars may be conveniently and easily moved by the operator to positions parallel with the wall sury faces prior to the insertion of the concrete mixture for' forming the body of the wall.

A further object is to provide a new method of constructing concrete walls by means of which the ashlars, comprising finished wall surfaces such foi' instance as glass, may be readily, quickly and easily'laid in positionv by unskilled labor, and then firmly andpermanently united to the concrete walk-fand the Wall reinforced by reinforcing rods arranged either vertically or horizontally in 5 any place throughout the structure. l

My invention consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of the'various parts of the building wall, and in the method of erecting same, as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows an isometric view of an ashlar unit forming part of my structure.

Figure 2 shows an isometric view of a porion of a finished wall embodying my invenion.

Figure 3 shows a transverse, vertical, sectional view through a portion of a concrete wall embodying my invention.-

Figure 4 shows a top or lan view of a portion of a finished wall ein odying my invention and illustrating a corner therein.

Figure 5 shows a detail, vertical, sectionalview of a modified form of building structure embodying my improvedashlars as used in a (eiling construction, upon wooden beams; an

Figure 6 shows a similar view showing the 'application of my improved ashlars to an I-beam ceiling structure.

Referring to the accompanyin drawin s, I have used, the reference numeral 10 to indicate the surface panel or ashlar unit. I preferably make this panel of glass on ac'- count of its cheapness, weather resisting qualities, and because it lends itself to a' wide range of decorative effects. In some instances I vemploy opaque or translucent glass which may be purchased in various colors and tints, and also in either smooth or rough surfaces. When transparent glass is used, the inner surface is painted and obviously this may be done cheaply and any desired color or decorative effect may be obtained. I have also employed tile and thin slabs of cut stone for this purpose.

On the inner side of the surface ashlar member I apply a coating of a moistureproof plaster bond 11, having the quality of remaining somewhat elastic and of adhering to the surface panel. Then upon this plaster bond layer 11 apply a layer 12 comprising a mixture of cement, sand, saw dust, cork or the like, to form a heat insulating layer, 95 the thickness of which depends on the climatic conditions where the building structure is to be used. In extremely cold climates the layer should 'be relatively thick.

Before the mixture, comprising the layer 10B 11, has set or hardened, I place near the corners thereof staples 13 with their end portions extended outwardl -away from each other. These are force into the mixture with their ends 14 restin iiat against the plaster bond layer 11, as s lown in Fi re 1, so that the looped ends thereof are a. substantially the same distance from the surface panel 10.

Then on the inner surface of the insulating layer 12,1 apply another coat of plaster bond materlal 15. I then connect two of these ashlar units with wires 16 passed through the staples 13, as shown in Figure 3. These wires hold .the two ashlar units at approximately the proper distance spaced apart from each ot er, but permits either of the ashlar units to be moved or tilted slightly relative to the other, for purposes hereinafter made clear.` The two ashlar units thusconnectedform a mould unit for receiving the concrete wall body.

`In erecting a concrete wall, a layer .of mould units is first placed in proper position. Then the s ace between them is partl lled with an or inary concrete mixture, an while the mixture is being lled in, reinforcing rods 17 may be placed 1n osition vertically, and other reinforcing ro s 18 may be placed in position horizontally at any point throughout the structure. This feature is very advantageous in that the reinforcements may be accurately spaced to meet the requirements of the wall reinforcement.

When the concretepmaterial formingv the wall body is placed between the two ashlar units, as shown in Figure 3, and is still in plastic condition, then the operator may readily and easily move one or both of the ashlar units to position in proper alinement Within the wall, and since the concrete 'wall bod forms an initial set very quickly, the ash ar units will soon be firmly and immovably held in proper position in the Wall.

When the insulating layer 12 is applied to the inner side of the surface panel, it will of course contract whilefsettng. However, the tacky or elastic condition of the plaster bond layer 11 will permit such contraction without effecting the surface panel 10, andthe ashlar units are permitted to fully set and harden before being built into a wall.

When the concrete material forming the wall body is .placed between the ashlars in plastic conditlon, it will, during its flnal setting and hardening, contract to a certain extent. This contraction will have no eiect upon the ashlars because the plastic bond layer 15 will permit a slight movement of the concrete Wall body relative to the ashlar units. This contractlon, however, will, be-

cause of the 'reinforcin rods, be localized in its nature and will res t in slight checks and cracks throughout the bod of the concrete wall when it has taken its al set, butthese not in any way be transmitted to the Y variations and-ornamental treatment. The

structure is reproof and moisture-proof, and I have repeatedly tested the structure under wide variations of tem erature, and in extremely cold climates, and E no appreciable quantit of moisture can penetrate the wall, and t at no condensation of moisture or sweating will take place u n either surface when one surface is exposedo to extremely warm temperatures and the opposite surface is exposed to extremely cold temperatures.

The ashlar units can be manufactured with almost absolute accuracy and uniformity in size, because the anels of glass and stone may be cut cheap y by machmery, and then the various other layers forming the ashlar unit may be applied and fitted to the others. After the completed wall has set and hardened, the s aces between the surface units 10 may be lled with neat cement or the like flush with the surface.

In'the modified form illustrated in Figurel top of these ashlars to form a bond therewithv y and through the'wires 20 to firmly fix the concrete layer'22 to the beam.

In'Figure 6 I have shown a modified form in which the wires 20 are passed ver the top of T-beams 23. Otherwise the construction is the same as that shown in Figure 5. i

In practice with my improved method, I construct the Iashlar units by taking first a surface unit of given size and shape and applying to it the several plaster bonding and heat insulating units, and setting the staples vin the insulatmg un1t before yit has set and ave found thathardened, and b this method the contraction i of the -heat insu ating unit is not transmitted to the surface unit, so there can be no danger of crackin the surface unit during such contraction o the heat insulating material, and by setting the staples in the manner herein defined, a firm connection is made with the ashlar unit without in any way mechanically connecting them to the surface units.

By connectin the two ashlar units with wires and in a exible manner, I am enabled in building a wall to utilize the two ashlar units as a sort of mould for the concrete wall,

and then by partly filling the space between the two ashlar units with plastic concrete, I am enabled to move either of the ashlar umts to proper position in alinement in the wall, and when it is moved to have the concrete w all material quickly form an initial set, wluch will bond the ashlars to it with the assistance of the connecting Wires 16, in such manner that inexperienced persons may readily and quickly learn to properly aline both outer surfaces of the wall and to place both vertical and horizontal reinforcing rods in position at any point throughout the entire area of the building Wall.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a building` structure, an ashlar unit comprising a surface panel, ala er of tacky and iiexible material applied to t e inner surface thereof, and a layer of heat insulating concrete material applied to the inner surface of the tacky and iexible material, for the purposes stated.

2. In a building structure, an ashlar unit com rising a surface panel, a layer of plaster bon material applied to the inner surface thereof, a layer of heat insulating concrete material applied to the inner surface of the laster bond, and connecting devices ,tem edded in the concrete layer. A

3. In a building structure, an ashlar unit comprising a surface panel, a layer of plaster bond material applied to the lnner surface thereof, a layer of heat insulatin concrete material applied to the inner sur ace of the plaster bond, and connecting devices 'embedded in the concrete layer, said'devices comprising metallic staples having outwardly extended ends and being forced into the concrete material when in plastic condition to position with the ends in engagement with the plaster bond layer, and Whereb the inner ends of all of sald connecting evices are equally spaced apart from the outer anel.

4. In a building/structure, an as ar unit comprising a surface panel, a la er of tacky and flexible material applied to t einner surface thereof, a layer of heat insulatin concrete material applied to the inner sur ace of the tacky and flexible material, and a second layer of tacky and flexible material applied to the inner face of the concrete layer.

5. In a building structure, an ashlar unit comprising a surface panel, a la er of tacky andflexible material applied to t e inner surface thereof', and a layer of concrete material applied to the inner surface of said tacky and exible material.

CHARLES E. EASTMAN.

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