US1781704A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 18, 1930. R. A. REYNOLDS v INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 8, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Babe Z 1?. Reynolds. Fl Ian/r!v K :A;TTO:R W

Nov. 18, 1930. R. A. REYNOLDS 04 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 8,1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ATfoRNEY Patented Nov. 18, 1930 ROBE TA.- REYNOLDSQQOFDETROIT,,MIGH1GAN TINTERNAL-GOMBUSTION ENGINE AppIication tiled January 8, 1930. Serial No. 419,429.

This invention relates to an internal combustion engine, and has to do particularly with an engine designed in such manner that a power stroke of eachpiston is had in each downward stroke of the piston. In other words, the invention aims to provide an internal combustion engine generally-referred to as an engine of the two cycle type which differentiates from the conventional four cycle type wherein a power stroke of a piston occurs only once every four strokes or inevery other downward stroke.-

An engine of this nature is shown in my Patent 'No. 1,695,823 granted December 18, l5 1928. In the engine ofthe patent, however, a sliding cross head was used in the cylinder construction which, together with the piston and sleeve, made the engine too great in over-v all height for use in many places as, for example, automotive vehicles.

It is the object of the present invention to provide an engine which operates in the two cycle manner but wherein the over-all height is materially reduced over that required by an. engine shown in my patent and that the over-all height may be substantially the same as a similar four cycle engine. In carrying out this matter,the invention contemplates the provision of a construction for the pur- ,.-?'9 pose of. forming a chamber immediately below the piston which chamber changes in size but which is provided with a novel con,.

struction closing the end of the sleeve in which the piston reciprocates. At the same closed end. The purpose of providing this chamber will be better understood as the description progresses in detail.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a sectional View taken through an engine constructed in accordance with the invention illustrating the parts in the position assumed just prior to a power stroke.

Fig. 2 is a similar sectional view inillustration of the positioning of the parts after the power stroke has been substantially expended. i

Fig. 3 is a similar sectional View in illustration of the position of the parts just prior to thejcompression strokei. I

time the connecting rod extends through thisv erally referenced 1 a crank case 2, and crankshaft 8. The cylinder block is provided with 65 the usual cylindrical formation as at 4;, within which there is-reciprocably mounted a sleeve 5. Within this sleeve i819. piston 6 havinga connecting rod which joins the piston to the crankshaft in the usual manner. 7

One end of the sleeveis closed as at 10 while the other end ofthe sleeve is equipped for the passage therethrough of the connecting rod 7, yet in such a manner as to form a sealed closure. For this purpose a closure 75 member 11 is secured to the lower end of the sieeveasby means of screw threading the two together as at 12, and this member is connected as at 13' to astrap 14 mounted on an eccentric 15 on the-crankshaft.

The member 11 is slotted as at16 for the passage therethroughof the connecting rod, and inasmuch as there is a swinging movement of the connecting rod together with its relative longitudinal movement, the slot is made of sufficient length to take care of thisv swinging movement. Note' Figs. 1 andQ. This slot is sealed for a purpose presently to be described. The connectingrod is pref erably ofuniform cross sectional dimension 90 for a considerable portion of its lengthso as to slidably fit what might be termed a bushing 20 fitted around the same. The bushing,as shown in Fig. 7, comprises two halves sothat it can be placed around the connecting rod, the halves being secured to gether by machinescrews as shown.

WVithin the member 11 fis'a rocking sealing element'21 composed oftwo halves secured together by bolts 22 taken through aligned 3.;1)

ears in these halves. The sleeve or bushing near its central portion, preferably has a bead or rounded formation 23 and the two halves of the rocker member 21 have each a rounded recess 24. When the two rocker members are placed together, thecircumferential bead 23 fits in the groove so as to form a ball'andsock'et type of-connection permitting the bushing to rock in its mount,-v ing. Preferably, the. bushing and rocker member are further secured together by means'of pins 25 located on-the axis of the ball and socket mounting and extending in the direction of extent. ofthe crankshaft. Thus, while the bushing can rock in its mounting,l such rocking movement takes place also on the fulcrum pins. As will be noted by reference to Fig. 4, at least one of the parts which forms the rocker member 21 has a leg 26which extends downwardly through the opening in the closure member 11 and engages an underside thereof so as to tie the members together and prevent the rocker member fromlifting from the curved seat formed by the member 11.

\Accordingly, it will be noted that even though the connecting rod extends through the lower end of sleeve '5, the rocker member together with the bushing effectively closes and seals the slot 16 while the joint between the connecting rod and the bushing also providesfor a seal. In this respect, it is .to be pointed out that suitable packing material may be used wherever the same is found needful.

It is further tobe pointed out thatthere is provided above the closed head of the sleeve 5 a compression chamber 30 while the .combustion chamber lies between the head of the sleeve and the piston, as illustrated at 31. The usual spark plug is shown at 32 and the sleeve has an opening 33 which comes into alignment with the spark plug at the 7 proper time, as illustrated in Fig. 4.

. causes the sleeve to move upwardly, the partsv The operation of the engine will now be described and in giving this description reference will be made to the heretofore nonmentioned ports and passageways for raw fuel and exhaust gases and compressed air in moved position being illustrated in Fig. Here it will be appreciated that the charge in chamber 30has been compressed.

Note also that chamber 41 positioned below the piston and defined at the lower end by the seal through which the connecting rod extends has been reduced in size and air which was in this chamber is compressed. At about the time the parts reach the position shown in Fig. 2,port .42 in the sleeve comes into'ali'gnment with thepassa-geway 43 as does also the port 44. The compressed air in chamber 41 now flows into the combustion chamber 31' and at this time the ex- .haust port in the sleeve as illustrated at 45 'comes into'alignment with an exhaust port 46 leading to the atmosphere. The inflow of the compressed air discharges the spent exhaust gases. i

As the parts continue tov move, the passageway 43 cut ofi, and port 47 moves into communication with passageway 48 which connects with the compression chamber 30. The compressed charge now flows into the combustion chamber. Some air is already in the combustion chamber and in this respect it mi ht be pointed out that the compressed mixture of combustible fuel may be rather rich-so that as it is rarefied by the air already in the combustion chamber a proper mixture will be had. The parts continue with the piston rising and the sleeve lowering until they again reach the position indicated in .Fig. 1, thus compressing the combustible charge in chamber 31 with the sleeve sucking in a new charge of fuel through port 40. At this time the chamber 41 has enlarged thus creating a rarefied atmosphere therein and port 49 in the sleeve comes into registry with port 50 connecting to the atmosphere and due to the differential pressure, air. enters the chamber 41 to be compressed in the next movement and passed through passageway 43 to blow out the exhaust gases.

' As shown in the drawing, the various ports and passagewaysdo not come into and out of registry at the precise mathematical moments; what is meant is there is an overlapping of the successive registering but this is common practice in internal combustion engines.

Accordingly, it will be noted that a two cycle engine construction is provided in which no use is made of the crank case for the passage of fuel therethrough and in which the over-all height of the engine is reduced so that such height is substantially the same as a similar four cycle engine.

An important feature to be noted is the offcenter point of connection of the strap 14 with the sleeve at the point 13. This construction provides for a relatively idle period for the sleeve at its top and bottom positions with relatively fast reciprocable movement;

For example, it will be noted by comparison of Figs. 2 and 3, that while the crank has moved a considerable distance the sleeve has not moved far but'will descend rapidly soon after the position shown in Fig. 8. This ofl'- center connection tends to set up a twisting action. This may be overcome in a number of ways and in the present instance is overcome by providing a flat in the member 11 as illustrated at 11 and a corresponding flat on the cylinder wall. By referring to Fig. 4:,

it will be noted that one eccentric is used to a cylinder; two may be used, one on each side of the crank and this would stop the twisting action.

Claims:

1. In an internalcombustion engine the combination with a cylinder, a sleeve therein having a closed end, a piston in the sleeve, a crankshaft, a connecting rod connecting the piston and crankshaft and extending through one end of the sleeve, means for reciprocating the sleeve, and means for sealingthe end of the sleeve through which the connecting rod extends, said sealing means comprising an element movable with respect tothe sleeve.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination with a cylinder, a sleeve therein having aclosed end, a piston in the sleeve, a crankshaft, a connecting rod connecting the piston and crankshaft and extending through one end of the sleeve, means for reciprocating thesleeve, means for sealing the end of the sleeve through which the connecting rod extends, said sealing means comprising an element movable with respect to the sleeve, and another element sealing against-the connecting rod and movable with respect thereto.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, a. sleeve therein having a closed end, a piston in the sleeve, a crankshaft, a connecting rod connecting the piston and crankshaft and extending through one end of the sleeve, means for reciprocating the sleeve, means for sealing the end of the sleeve through which the connecting rod extends, said sealing means comprising an element movable with respect to the sleeve, and another element sealing against the connecting rod and movable with respect thereto, said two elements of the sealing means being movably mounted with relation to each other.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination with a. cylinder, a sleeve therein having a closed end, a piston in the sleeve,

a crankshaft, a connecting rod connecting the piston and crankshaft and extending through one end of the sleeve, means for reciprocating the sleeve, means for sealing the end of the sleeve through which the connecting rod extends, said sealing means comprising an element movable with respect to the sleeve, and another element sealing against the connectingrod and movable with respect there to, said two elements of the sealing means being movably mounted with relation to each other, and said mounting comprising a. ball and socket type joint.

5. In an internal combustion engine substantially of the 'type described a piston, a

I crankshajfha connecting rod joining the two,

sphericaliinemberclosing the en'd :of the.

sleevethrough which the connectingirod" projects, said member beingslotted for the reception of the connecting rod, and means sealing against the connecting rod and'allowing the same to reciprocate. therethrough, and sealing against the said member to'close= the slot. t "6. In an internal combustion engine substantially ofithe type described a piston, a crankshaft, aconnecting rod joining the two, asleeve in which the piston moves, means for reciprocating the sleevein time relation to piston movements, a substantially half-- spherical member closing the end of the sleeve through which the connecting rod pro jects, saidmember being slotted forthe re ce 'itionof the ccnnectingrod, and means sealing against the connecting rod and allowing thesame to reciprocate therethrough. and sealing against the said member to close: the slot, saidmeans being rockablerin the. half-spherical member to accommodate for angularpositions of the connecting rod.

7. In an internal combustion engine; substantially of the type described, a piston, a crankshaft, a connecting rod oining the two, 3 a sleeve in which the piston moves, means for reciprocating the sleeve in timed relationto piston movements, a substantially "halfspherical member closing the end of the sleeve through which the connecting rod. projects, said member being slotted for the reception: of the connectingrod, meanssealing' against the connecting rod'and allowing the same to reciprocate therethrough and sealing against the said member to close the slot, said means being rockable in the half-spherical member to accommodate forangular positions at. theconnectingrod,.andmeans on the. sealing. member projecting through the slot and overlying an outside surface of the half-, spherical member. 1 i

8. In an'i'nternal combustionengine substantially of the type described, a piston, .a crankshaft, a connecting rod joining the two,

a .reciprocable'sleeve, in which the piston.

moves, a half-spherical shaped member associatedwith the end ofwthelsleeve and having a slot through which theconnectingrod extends, sealing 'means fitting into the halfspherical member for closing the slot, a bushing connected to the sealing means for sealing against the connecting rod and through which the same reciprocates, said sealing means having a curved face so that the same is rockable in the half-spherical member.

9. In an internal combustion engine substantially of the type described, a piston, a

crankshaft, a connecting rod joining the two,

- signature.

a reciprocable sleeve in which the piston moves, a half-spherical shaped member associated with the end of the sleeve and having a slot through which theconnectingrod extends, sealing, means fitting intothe half-- spherical member for closing the slot, a bushing connected to the sealing means for-sealing against the connecting rod and through which the [same reciprocates, said sealing means having a curved face so that the same is rockable in the half-spherical member, and

a balland socket type, connection between .the bushing and said sealing means.

:10. Inaninternal combustion engine substantially of the type described, a piston, a

crankshaft, a connectingrod oinin the two,

a reciprocable sleeve 1n which t e piston, moves, a half-spherical shaped member asso-;

ciated with the end of the sleeve and having a slot through which the connecting rod extends, sealing means fitting into the halfspherical member for closing the slot, a bushing connected to the sealing means for sealing against the connecting rod and through which the same reciprocates, said sealing means having a curved face so that the same is rockable inthe half-spherical member, a

ball and socket type connection between the bushing and said sealing means, and fulcrum pins joining the'bushing and sealing means which are located on the line of fulcruming of the bushing in the sealing means.

11. In an internal combustion engine substantially of the type described, a piston, a

crankshaft, a connecting rod joining the two,

a reciproeable sleeve in which the piston moves, a half-spherical shaped member associated with the end of the sleeve and having a slot through which the connecting rod extends, sealing means 'fitting into the halfspherical 'memberfor closing the slot, a bushing connected to the sealing means for sealing against the connecting rod and through which the same reciprocates, said sealing means having a curved face so that the same is rockable in the half-spherical member, ag'ball and socket type connection 7 between the bushing and said sealing means,

said sealing means having a part which projects through the slot in the half-spherical member and engages over its outer surface 7 to hold the sealing means assembled with the ha1f-spherical member. In testimony whereof I have affixed my ROBERT A. REYNOLDS.

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