US1755197A - Typewriting machine - Google Patents

Description

April '22, 1930. VON REPPERT 1,755,197

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Sept. 15, 19 21 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 MZZENTOFE April22, 1930. R. VON REPPERT TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Sept. 15. 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORN Y.

.Patented Apr. 22, 1930 NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RICHARD VON REPPERT, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR '1O UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OFDELAWARE TYPEWRITING MACHINE Application filed September 15, 1927. Serial No. 219,607.

This invention relates to power-driven typewriting mechanisms, and more spec1fi-' cally to that class of machines where electromagnetic forces are employed to drive the I type-bars to the typing positionfollowing a partial depression of the associated character-keys.

In the prior, art of electromagnetic typebar-driving mechanisms, individual solenoids were employed todirectly actuate the keymechanisms or a universal actuating member for allot thekey-mechanisms was providedto be actuated by one or more solenoids.

Such mechanisms were objectionable because they were too slowto respond to speedy operation, and, furthermore, special provisions were required to prevent arcing at the contact points. Q

Another form in practice included a keyactuated toothed pendant-shiftable by the initial depression of a key-lever into engagement with a rotatingtoothed drum. As

: long as the tooth of the pinion and the teeth of the drum remain sharp, this method It is a purpose in the present invention" to employ a constantly rotating magnetized cylinder that is eflective to actuate any typeproved efi'ective, but just as soon as the teeth 7 showed the effect of wear by becoming blunt,- I at thep'oints, the pendant would skltter over the teeth of the drum and gradually require a greater pressure at the key-cap to efit'ect an operative interlock of the teeth.

. bar without any form of electrical make and break in thecircuit except the starting switch in the main line circuit which is operated I to start the motor and magnetize the cylin? der.

built-up coils, each coil wound so as to reverse the magnetic polarity-of ad] oining coils, a and when the coils are assembled end to endthroughout its length:

The cylinder may include armored as a series, they become a magnetic unit having the magnetism uniformly distributed It is further proposed to provide each keylever with a pendant-armature pivotally mounted on the key and normally spring held out of the magnetic field of the cylinder andhaving mechanical means,!operative, by an extremely short initial dip of the key, to

force the pendant within the magnetic field of the cylinder, and through the magnetic attraction of the armature to the rotating cylinder to establish a clutching engagement between the armature and cylinderm The friction obtained by magnetic attraction willdraw the pendant downwardly as the cylinder rotates and with it the associated'keylever; to throw its type-bar to the typing position.' Each pendant is provided with a no wedging element ofnon-magnetic metal and the pendant is adjustably timed to the swing of the. type-bar, to become eflectiye just in advance of the typing moment to cam the armature but of the magnetic field of the cyle5 1 inder and thus establish a free return move:

ment for the armature, the key-lever and thee type-bar. p I Another feature provides for a predetermined loss of motion betweenthe key-levers and the associated type-bar-actua'ting mechanism, so that each key may be initiallydepressed to vibrate its pendant-armature into L the field of the magnetized cylinder without raising the associated type-bar from the type- (5 rest, and thus throwing-the burden of typing wholly upon the power-driven connections. The recoil of a type-bar after its impact against the platen is more rapid than the restoration of the spring-restored key-lever and connections; hence, any positively connectedtype-bar is retarded on its return stroke by the slower restoring "key-lever and connections. By the employment of a lost or idle 'motion'between the key-lever and type- 5 bar driving bell-crank to enable the key tovibrate its armature into the field of the magnetized cylinder, and by timing the camming tion of Alfred E. Oswald, Serial No. 122,537, filed July 15,1926. Said Oswald application embodies claims that broadly cover the present application. 8

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure ,1 is a central, vertical section through-an Underwood standard typewriting machine, showing. only such parts of the typewriting mechanism necessary to co-operate with the power-driven mechanisms forming the subject-matter of this invention.

Figure 2 is .an enlarged View, in perspective, of the extreme left-hand key of the keyboard and its connecting and operating parts that co-operate with the poweredriven magnetized cylinder.

Figure 3 is a partial front elevation, in verttical sections, the sectional plane of the left-hand half of the figure being taken be-- tween the two upper banks of keys, and the plane of the right-hand half of the figure being taken just in front of the cylinder.

Figure 4 is an enlarged longitudinal section through the magnetic cylinder, showing the arrangement of the coiled sections and the manner of wiring the two end sections of the cylinder to the regular commutators.

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view, showing the key-lever drawn down to a position where the armature has been cammed out of the magnetic field of the cylinder and is about to respond to the tension of the armaturespring to further widen the air-gap between the armature and the cylinder for'the idle return of the armature with the type-bar at the end of its driven stroke just in advance "of/the typing position at the platen. Figure 6 is a diagram .of the circuits that.

include the,motor-starting switch and the rheostat in the cylinder circuit to regulate the degree of magnetism ofjthe power-driven type-bar-actuating cylinder.

Numeral and alphabet-keys 1D and 11 operate key-levers 13 fulcrumed at their rear ends upon a rod 14 and spring-pressed to their normal positions by individual springs 15. Each key-lever 13 isprovided with a stud lfi'engageable within a slot 17 formed within one arm of a bell-crank-lever 18 pivotally supported upon a fulcrum-wire 19, with the other arm having a pivotal connection 20 to a type bar 21 fulcrumed upon a segment-wire 22 and operative to guide the typebar upwardly and rearwardly against a platen 23 at each depression of the key. The platen 23 is 'rotatably mounted in a carriage 24 arranged to travel upon carriage-rails 25 and 26 under the influence of a springmotor 27 connected by a tape 28 to thecarriage and controlled by carriageefeeding mechanism 29 operated through the engagement of each type-bar 21 with a curved universal bar 30 in the well-known Underwood manner.

For the purpose of the present invention, each key-lever 13 may have an extension 31 to provide a support for an adjustable yoke or vU-shaped saddle 32 to straddle the extension, pivotally held thereupon by a pivot-pin 33 and adjustable relatively to the extension by two set screws 34 threaded through the wall of the yoke to bear against the edge of the extension and operateto tilt the free end of the yoke up and down for purposes to appear. The free ends of each yoke 32 carry a pivot pin 35 upon which is suspended a soft permeable metal pendant-armature 36 formed each key-lever-extension 31. It will be noted at this point that the pivotal point 35, when depressed by the key-levers will have a substantially straight up-and-down movement, and an operative pull of the armatures to depress the key-levers will be in a straight line.

To co-operate with the armatures 36, a cylinder 43 is assembled upon a shaft 44 to rotate therewith and present a longitudinal peripheral face parallel to the series of armatures. The shaft may have hearings in the free endsof two arms 45 and 46, one arm at each end of the cylinder and permanently secured to a rock-shaft 47 having end bearings in the sidewalls ofthe machine-frame,

saidshaft and arms forming an adjustable carrler for the cylinder. One arm, as 46, may

have a short arm 48 disposed between two adjusting screws 49, carried by a lug 50, form ing a part of the side wall of the frame. T he adjustment of the'screws 49 shifts the arm 48 to rock the shaft 47 and raise or lower the cylinder 43 to adjust its position relatively to the series of armatures 36. The shaft 44 may project beyond one side wall of the frame 'where the free end may be provided with a The detail construction of the cylinder-43 is shown at Figure 4, where a plurality of permeable iron sections 54 are assembled upon the'shaft 44 to form enclosed compartments 55, each compartment to house a magnetic coil. Each section 54 is formed with a web may be separated by brass rings 59, and the Wholese'ries of sections and rings are assembled and maintained in co-operative relation upon the shaft 44 by collars 60 secured to the shaft, and disposed to bear against the wvebs of the two outer sections and hold the assembled sections together-as a cylindrical unit.

It will be noted at Figure 4-.thatthe as-,

sembly of two adjoining sections 54 upon the shaftprovides a chamber formed between the 'two webs, and within the chamber a previously-wound helix or solenoid may be assembled that becomes operative when excited by an electric current to supply magnetic energy to the two webs and the peripheral walls of the adjacent sectionsof opposite polarity; that the winding of the helix 61 inone direction mayconvey a south polarity to the web 5 6v and cylindrical section 54?,whilanorth polarity may be conveyed to the web 56 and the cylindrical section 54?; that as unlike magnetic poles neutralize each other it is clearthat only similar poles can occupy adjoining spaces, and magnetically co-operate to increase the number of magnetic lines of force and a proportional density of magnetism or magnetic density, and, hence, by

. changing the direction of winding, the helix 62 will convey a north polarity to the web 56 and the cylindricalsection 54", while a south polarity is conveyed to the next successive section 54, not shown; that each web and sec- 'tion 54, except the two outer end sections, are

magnetized by two adjoininghelixes that (:0-

- operate to produce magnetism of similar polarity and of double density; and that the ring-filled air or flux gap*59 will break up the flow of magnetic waves'of opposite polarity and further present an unbroken cylindrical surface to the armatures 36. In the assembly of the cylinder 43, the first section 54 may be forced along the shaft 44 to abut the collar 60. The previously-wound up helix 61 may be inserted within the section against the web 56, one terminal. wire '63 passing through'theweb 56 to the outside of the cylinderr The second section 54 may now be forced into positionalong the shaft to enclose the coil- 61 with the opposite terminal'64 passing through the web 56 where it is joined as by soldering at 64 to the terminal of the second ceil or helix 62. In this mannerthe cylinder is built up of successive coils and sections,'and held in assembled relation by,

the two collars 60, the successive coils representing a continuous circuit'with terminal wires passing out of the cylinder-heads.

' To provide a continuous flow of current through the coils of the cylinder, each termia nal-wire 63 and 64 may be connectedto a commutator ring 65 secured to and'insulated from each collar 60. To convey current to the two rings, brushes 66 may be secured to insulated permanent-magnetic field for the rotating 3 cylinder as long as the motor is operative to drive the cylinder.

The description up to this point includes a power-driven built-up cylinder 43 having a rotary magnetic field to co-operate' with,

armatures 36 hanging pendent from keylevers 13 just beyond the magnetic pull of the electrically-excited cylinder. To shift these armatures to a position where the magnetic attraction of the cylinder will draw the armatures into clutching engagement-therewith, by an initialdepression of the key and .without conveying movement to the inert type-bar, the lower oifree end of each armature may be provided with a stud 71 to overlie a cam-face 7 2 formed by bending the free end of a tripping arm 73 over-at right angles. Each arm 73 may bemounted upona horizontally disposed tie-rod 74 permanently secured at each end to supporting plates 75 secured to each side wall of the machineframe bv screws 76. Each arm 73 may have a hub 77 to provide a suitable bearing for the arm'upon the rod74 and also'serve as spacers to maintain a proper'alignment of the arm to the armatures 36. "A stop-bar 78 may be secured at each end thereof by screws 7 9threaded into lugs 80 carried by each plate 75 and adjusted to contact against the series of arms 73, each arm being normally pressed against saidbar by individual springs 81..

The .depression'of any key, as- 1Q, to the dotted position of 10 in Figure 1 lowers the armature 36ftob'ring .the stud 71 into contact with the cam-face 72-of its associated arm 73, and the lower end of the'armature is forced towards the face'of the magnetized cylinder 43 and against'the tensionvof its spring 41. The relation of the parts is such that, when the keyis depressed to the dotted position of 10, the stud 71 will ride oif the cam-face 72 depression of the key-lever will actuate the bell-crank to throw the type-bar to the typing position. This would be the normal operation of the typing system when the cylinder is inactive and non-magnetic.

When the cylinder is energized or saturated with magnetism from a continuous flow of, current, it is obvious that the initial depression of a key will cam its armature to- Wards the cylinder to a point where'the magnetic attraction will supersede the key-control of the armature, and the armature will be drawn into magnetic clutching contact with the face of the cylinder before the key 10 has actually reached the depressed 10 position. Or, in other words, the key only starts the swing of the armature and the magnetism of the cylinder finishes the swinging movement of the armature into clutching engagement with the cylinder.

As the cylinder is continuously rotated and the magnetic saturation of the cylinder is a constant factor, it is proposed to mechanically and automatically sever the magnetic effect of the'cylinder'upon the armatures, at a uniform position predetermined by a position for the type-bars just in advance of the typing position as shown in Figure 5. lhe

downstroke of the key-levers 13, whether de-' pressed manually or bythe power-driving mechanism, is arrested by a stop-bar 13 secured to the machine-frame and common to all the key-levers, but may not be used.

The momentum of the key-lever and its connected parts is employed to effect a sepa ration of the depressed armature from the magnetic field of the cylinder. Each armature 36, besides being provided with a section 37 that is responsive to'the magnetism of the cylinder, is also provided with a section that is non-responsive to magnetic attraction and mechanically effective to release the armature from the magnetic control of the cylinder. To this end, each ar-mature 36 is provided with a non-magnetic section 82 secured to the armature any suitable manner, said section 82 having a beveled face 83 positioned as a continuation of the permeable face 38 and operative to not only cam the armature away from the cylinder, but to cut or sever the magnetic forces 'of the cylinder from the armature by interposing itself between them. A 1

This result is shown at Figure 5, where the armature 36 has been wedged away-from the cylinder by the section 82 andthe armature is about to respond to the tension of the spring J 41 to further swing the armature outside the magnetic field of the cylinder until arrested by a stop 84.1 In this position, the stud 71 on the armature swings under the vertical plane of the cam-face 7 2, and, when the spring 15. restores the key-lever 13, the armature 36 will be lifted until its stud 71 engages under the cam-face 7 2, forcing the arm 7 3 to vibrate against'the tension of the spring 81 until the passage of the stud permits the restoration of the arm 73 under the stud 71 as at the normal inefiective position of thearmature.

It will be further noted at Figure 5 that the down-stroke of the key is arrested by the bar 13 but the thrown type-bar is short of the typing position. The type-bar is shown positioned at a point of its greatest velocity, and its momentum will carry the bar against the usual anvil 23 to type with a staccato blow, so essential to sharp, clean typing, and the recoil of the type-bar back to its position in Figure 5 will be unimpeded by connections to the slower returning key-lever, because of the looseness of thestud 16 within the slot 17.

From the above description, it will be seen control of an operating electric current; that theco-opera'tion of the surface of the mag netized cylinder with the flat faces ofthe armatures will last indefinitelywithout showing any ,effect' from wear; that the machine may be manually manipulated to actuate the type-bars in the usual manner at will; that the power-driven organization can be applied to existing machines without radical changes a in the standard parts; that the initial depression of a key renders the power-driven mechanism operative before the type-baris lifted from a type-rest; that at the actual typing moment the type-bar is free of the retarding effect of a slow restoring key-lever and connections that, contrary to conventional methads of type-bar actuation, the key-levershave .a-free initial dip and the type-bar has a free final movement to type; that the magnetic cylinder may be adjusted to raise or lower its horizontal magnetic axis relative to the armatures; that each armature may be individually adjusted up or down to time the passage of the non-magnetic wedging interponent in cutting through the lines of force of the cylinder at approximately a uniform point common to the whole series of armatures that the velocity of the type-impact is proportional to the velocity of the rotating,

cylinder, and that this velocity may be varied at will in a well-known manner of motor-control; that the magnetic lines of force derived from the coilsof the cylinder may be made variable up to the point of saturation to the least amount of magnetic density necessary to frictionally bind the armatures to the cyi- 'inder during the pulling movement of the armatures to depress a key-lever to type; and that, while the driving mechanism is shown and described to actuate the key-levers of the typing system of a typewriting machine,

it is obvious that the novel manner of actuating a key-lever through a rotatable magnetic friction-clutch can also be applid to other forms of machines where. depressible' keys are employed to selectively actuate a mechanism. I u,

While the cylinder 43 isshown and described as being driven by an electric motor, it Will be seen that said motor may be cut out of the 'e'lectric'circuit and the cylinder rotated independentlyby any other convenient source of power; and that, wherever the term permanently magnetized is employed herein in connection with the cylinder 43, it will be understood to refer to the operative magnetic state of the cylinder during a typing period or duringthe full driving motor isactive. g

It will also beunderstood. that the magnetized cylinder becomes-'a rotary friction clutching member that the armatures p ndent from each key-leverconstitute indivl u l friction clutching elements co-operative yviti the cylinder through magnetic attraction, to convert the rotary motionv of the cylinder I into a reciprocation for any key-vibrated armature to drive a key-lever to type; that the intermediaries 36 can be individually adjusted to the key-levers by the manipulation of e the "twoscrews .34, to determine the initial position for each intermediary. and time the release thereof into the magnetic clutching field of the cylinder; that the cylinder 43, as a whole, may be adjusted relatively to the intermedia'rie s' 36 by. the screws 49 and that each section 54(0f the magnetic cylinderhas polarities' the same-as the. polarity of the, adjusted sections, and theseries of sections become efl'ective'toestablish a universal magnetic field that is substantially uniform throughout. the length; of 'the cylinder.

Variations may 'befres'orted to within the scope of the invention, and portions of the improvements may be used withoutothers.

Hating thus described my invention, I claim: I

1 In a key-actuated machine, the combination with a.depressible key-lever operative to cont-rola meehanism,.of means brought into co-o'pera'tion bythe. partial depression of said Rey-lever, to complete the depression thereof, said means including a continuously rotatingf permanently "magnetized actuator .and

an armature attached to. and movable by said 'key-leverdnto the magnetic field of said actuatorto, establish a magnetic. clutch-connection between the rotatingaetuator and the key-lever. I k

2. In a key-actuatedmachine, the combinationwith a depressible key-lever operative to control a mechanism, of means brought into co-operation by the partial depression of said key-lever. to complete the depression thereof, said means including a continuously rotating permanentlymagneti'zed actuator and an armature attached to and'movable by said key-lever into the magnetic field of said actuator to establish a magnetic clutch-connection between the rotating actuator and the key-lever,

-' magnetic clutch of the actuator atzthe endof period the cylindera full depression of the key; 7o

.3. In a key-actuated mach-ine,the 1combi-V nation with a depressible key-lever operative to control a mechanism, 0;; means brought into co-operation by the partial depression of said key-lever to' complete the depression thereof, said means including a continuously rotating permanently magnetized actuator and an armature attached to and movable by said key-lever into the magnetic field of said actuator to establish a magnetic clutch-connection between-the rotating actuator and the keyelever, and non-magnetic means brought into the magnetic field of the actuator by the movement of the actuator-driven armature that becomes operative by cutting the magnetic lines of force of the actuator to free the armature from the magnetic clutch of the actuator at the end of afull depression'of the key 4. In a key-actuated machine, the combination with a depressible key-lever operative to control a mechanism, of means brought into co-operation by the partial depression of" said key-lever to complete the depression'95 thereof, said means including a continuously-3% rotating permanently magnetized actuator and an armature attached to and movable by I said key-lever into the magnetic field of said actuator to establish a magnetic clutch-con- 10o nection between the rotating actuator and the key-lever, and non-magnetic camming means tively rotating electro-magnetized unit, a

normally inoperative magnetically attracted armature secured toeach key-lever, and means co-operative with each armature upon-the partial depression of its key lever to vibrate the armature into the poWer-driven magnetic' '120 clutching field of the actuator to complete the depression. of the key-lever and actuate the mechanism. 1 I

6. In a typewriting machine'having type bars connectible to depressiblekey-levers, a power-driven continuously rotating permanently magnetized key lever actuator, and? means carried by each key lever and movable by the initial depression of said key-lever into the magnetic field of the rotating actuable by the initial depression of said key-lever into the rotary magnetic field of the actuator to become efiective to complete the depression of the key-lever and actuate its type-bar.

8. In a typewriting machine having typebars connectible to depressible key-levers, a.

power-driven continuously rotating permanently magnetized key-lever actuator, an armature carried by each key-lever and movable by the initial depression of said key-lever into the magnetic field of the rotating actuator to become effective to complete the depression of the key-lever and actuate its typebar, and camming means operative to with draw the armature from the rotating field of the magnetized actuator when the keylever is fully depressed. v

9. In a typewriting machine having typebars connectible-to depressible key-levers, a power-driven continuously rotating permanently magnetized key-lever actuator, an armature carried by each key-lever and movable by the initial depression of said keylever into the magnetic field of the rotating actuator .to become efiective to complete the depression of the key-lever and actuate its type-bar, and camming means operative to force the armature out of the field of the magnetized actuator, said means including a non-magnetic section secured to the armature.

10. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a type-bar having a depressible I key-lever, of a motor-driven permanently magnetized actuator for the key-lever, and means brought into operative engagement with said actuator by the initial depression of the key-lever to render said actuator effective by its magnetism to complete the depression of the key-lever to actuate the type-bar;

11. 'In a typewriting machine, the combination with a system of type-actions including type-bars, of a power-rotated cylindrical magnet, an individual armature connected to each of said type-actions, and means to present the armatures selectively to said magnet to be drawn thereagainst whereby the revolving magnet friotionally drives the selected armature and type-action, means being provided for disconnecting the armature from the magnet when the type-bar. has been driven, permitting the; return of the type-action and armature to normal positions independently of the magnet. i

12. In a typewriting machine, the combi nation with a system of type-actions including type-bars, of a power-rotated cylindrical magnet, an individual armature connected to drawn thereagainst whereby the revolving a magnet frictionally drives the selected armature and type-actions, means being provided for disconnecting the armature from the magnet when the type-bar has been driven, per mitting the return of the type-action and armature to normal positions independently of I the magnet, said disconnecting means includ-' ing adevice called into action by the driving force of the magnet uponfthe individual armature, for disengaging the latter from the magnet, and springs for returning the typeactions to normalpositions.

13. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a'system of type-actions including type-bars, of a'power-rotated cylindrical magnet, an individual armature connected to each of said type-actions,means to present the armatures selectively to said magnetto be drawn thereagainst whereby the revolving magnet frictionally drives the selected armature and type-actions,'means being provided for disconnecting the armature from the magnet when the type-bar has been driven, permitting the return of the type-action and armature to normal'positions independently of the magnet, said disconnecting means including a device called into action by the driving force of the magnet upon the individual armature, for dis'en'gagingthe latter from the magnet, andsprings for returning the typeactions to normal positions,'said disconnection between the armatureand the magnet be- "ing effected before the type" prints, and the printing stroke'of the type being completed by momentum. v 14. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a system of type-actions including type-bars, of a power-rotated cylindrical magnet, an-individual armature connected to each of said type-actions, means to present the armatures selectively to said magnet to be drawn thereagainst whereby the revolving magnet frictionally drivesthe selected armature and type-action; means being provided for disconnecting the armature from the magnet when the type-bar has been driven, permitting the return of the type-action and armature to normal positions independently of the magnet, said disconnecting means including a device called into action by the driving force of the magnet upon the individual armature, for disengaging the latter from the magnet, and springs for returning the typeactions to normal positions, said disconnection between the armature and the magnet being effected before the type prints, and the printing stroke of the type being completed by momentum, said type-actions including levers and means to arrest each lever. at the conclusion of its down stroke, a loose connection being provided between said lever and the type, permitting the completion of the printing stroke of the type after the arrest of said lever.

15. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a type-bar having a depressible before motion is conveyed to the type-bar by said key-lever, so that the type-bar will be actuatedwholly by the power-driven key-lever.

16. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a type-bar having a depressible key-lever, of a motor-rotated magnetized mechanism to drive the key-lever, and connections intermediate the key-lever and the typekey-levers to -actuate type-carriers, an elec bar enabling the key-lever to be operatively connectedto said magnetized driven mecha- 29 nism before motion is conveyed to the typebar by said key-lever, so that the type-bar will 'be driven to type wholly by the power-driven key-lever, said intermediate means including I a pin on the key-lever having a loose driving '25 connection to the type-bar.

17. In a typewriting machine having typears'connectibl'e to depressible key-levers, a

continuously rotating actuator common to all the key-levers, said actuator having'a perma- 3o nent magnetic field, and an intermediary carried byea'ch key-lever operative, upon entering the magnetic field of the actuator by the initial de ression of a key-lever, to establish a magnetlc clutching engagement with said actuator to complete the depression of the key-lever and actuate its type-bar. T 18". In atypewriting machine having typebars connectible to depressible key-levers, a continuously rotating actuator common to all 40 the key-levers, said actuator having a perma- -nent magnetic field, and an intermediary carried by each key-lever operative, upon entering the magnetic field of the actuator by the initial depression of a key-lever, to establish a magnetic clutching engagement with said actuator to complete the depression of the key-lever and actuate its type-bar,each intermediary having a non-magnetic cam-face operative to wedge itself between the rotating actuator and intermediary to force the latter out of the magnetic field of the actuator at the end of a full depression of the key-lever.

19. In a typewriting machine having typebarsconnectible to depressible key-levers, .a' continuously rotating magnetic actuator common to all the key-levers, said actuator ineluding a magnet-coil operative toestablish a ermanent magnetic field on the periphery o the actuator, and a normally inoperative, .c'. armature carried by each key-lever and;

swingable by the initial depression of the key-lever into themagnetic eld of the actuator to complete the depression of the keylever and actuate its type-bar.

20. In a typewriting machine having typebars connectible to depressible key-levers, a continuously rotating magnetic actuator common to all the key-levers, said actuator including a magnet-coil.operative to estab: lish a permanent magnetic field on the periphery of the actuator, a normally inoperative armature carried by eaclfkey-lever and swingable by the initial depression of the key-lever into the magnetic field of the actuator to complete the depression of the keylever and actuate its type-bar, and a nonmagnetic camming element carried by each armature and operative to release the armature from the magnetic grip of the rotating actuator and render the key-levers self-restoring at the end of a full depression.

21. In a typewriting machine, a series of tromagnetic actuator for the key-levers, a power-means for continuously rotating the magnetic actuator, a coupler carried by each key-lever, and means operative during the initial depression of each key-lever to vibrate the coupler into the magnetic field of the key-lever actuator to complete the depression of the semi depr'essed key-lever to type.

22. In a typewriting machine, a series of key-levers to actuate type-carriers, an electromagnetic actuator for the key-levers, a power-means for continuously rotating the magnetic actuator, a coupler carried by each key-lever, means operative during the initial depression of each key-lever to vibrate the coupler into the magnetic field of the keylever actuator to. complete the depression of the semi-depressed key-lever to type, and other means'operative'to vibrate the coupler out of the magnetic field of the actuator upon the full depression of the key-lever by said actuator.

23. In a typewriting machine, a series of key-levers to actuate type-carriers,-an electromagnetic actuator for the key-levers, a

power-means or continuously rotating the magnetic actuator, a coupler carried by each key-lever, cammi'ng means operative during the initial depression of each key-lever to vibrate the coupler into the magnetic field of the hey-lever actuator to complete the depression of the semi-depressed key-lever to type,

and other camming means operative to v1 brate the coupler out of the magnetic field of the actuator upon the full depression of the key-lever by said actuator.

24. In a typewriting machine having type- I bars and key-levers to actuate the type-bars, a normally inoperative couplerfor each keylever, a power-driven constantly rotating permanently magnetized actuator common to all the couplers, and means operative to shift eachcoupler into the magnetic field of said actuator for a key-lever-driving connection with the actuator by a manual initial depression of its key-lever.

' 25. In a typewriting machine having type- I bars and key-leversto actuate the type-bars,

a normally inoperative coupler for each keylever, a power-driven permanently magnetized actuator common to all the couplers, and a cam for each coupler operative to shift the coupler into the magnetic field of I said actuator for a key-lever-driving con.-

nection with the actuator by a manual depression of its key-lever.

26. In a typewnting machine having typeinitial bars and key-levers to actuate the type-bars,

a normally inoperative coupler for each keylever, a power-driven permanently magnetized actuator common to all the couplers, a

cam for each coupler operative to shift the coupler into the magnetic field of said actuator for a key-lever-driving connection with the actuator by a manual initial depression of its key-lever, and means carried by each coupler which in entering the magnetic field of the actuator operates to remove said coupler from the magnetic clutch of said actuater to release thekey-lever at the end of a full depression in typing.

27. In a typewriting machine having typebars and key-levers to actuate the typebars, a

. a normally inoperative coupler for each key- -lever, a power-driven permanently magnetnormally inoperative coupler for each keylever, a power-driven permanently magnet 'ized actuator common to all the couplerspa cam for each coupler operative to shift the coupler into the magnetic field of said actuator for a key-lever-driving connection with the actuator by a manual initial depression of its key lever, and camming means carried by each couplerwhich, in enteringthe magnetic field of said actuator, operates to cam said coupler out of the magnetic field of the actuator and release the fully depressed key-lever.

28. In a typewriting machine having typebars and key-levers to actuate the type-bars,

ized actuator common to all the couplers, a cam for each coupler operative to shift the coupler'into the magnetic field of said actu ator for a key-lever-driving connection with the actuator by a manual initial depression of its key-lever, and camming means having non-magnetic properties carried by each conpler which, in entering the magnetic field of said actuator, operates to cam said coupler out of the magnetic field of the actuator and r A to release the coupler and key-lever from the power-driven actuator at the end ofa com plete depression of the key-lever.

29. In a typewriting machine having typebars and key-levers to actuate the type-bars,

a normally inoperative coupler for each key-J lever, a power-driven permanently magnetized actuator common to all the couplers, a cam for each coupler operative to shift-the coupler into the magnetic field of said actuator for a key-lever-driving connection with the actuator by a manual initial depression of its hey-lever, camming means having nonmagnetic properties carried by each coupler which, in entering the magnetic field of said actuator, operates to cam said coupler out of the magnetic field of the actuator and to release the coupler and key-lever from the power-driven actuator at the end of a complete depression of the key-lever, and means carried by each key lever operative to adjust the coupler relatively to the key-lever to predetermine the operative depression of the key-lever in typing.

30. In a typewritingmachine having typetuator and release the fully depressed keylever. v I

31. In a typewriting machine having typebars and key-levers operative to actuate said type-bars, a power-driven permanently magnetized continuously rotating actuator unipler from the magnetic attraction of said acversally operative to fully depress any initial- 1y depressed key-lever to actuate its type-bar,

and a normally inoperative coupler between each key-lever and the rotating magnetized "actuator, said couplers automatically eifect ing a magnetic clutching engagement with said actuator by the manual initial depression of their key-levers, each coupler separating itself from saidactuator by its own movement I in fully depressing a key-lever.

32. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a typing mechanism, of a motor-' driven continuously rotating and permanently magnetized cylinder, and 'means operatively connected to and movable by one member of-the typing mechanism, adapted, upon entering the magnetic field of the cylinder, to 1 become eflective as a cylinder-driven element to actuate the whole typing type a character. v 33. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a typing mechanism, of a motordriven continuously rotating and permanently connected to and movable by one member of the typing mechanism and which means, upon'entering the magnetic field of the cylinder, becomes effective as a cylinder driven element to actuate thewhole typing mechanism to type a character and then to automati cally remove itself from the magnetic control of'the cylinder" to release the driven member of the typing mechanism.

34. In a typ ewriting machine, the combination with a typing mechanism, of a motormechanism to V 'ly magnetized cylinder, and means operative:

driven continuously rotating and permanent- I moment to release the typing element to its momentumfor a typing impact.

' 35. In a typewriting machine having type: bars and depressible key-levers to actuate said type-bars, an actuating armature connected to each key-lever, a cylinder disposed transversely of and adjacent the series of armatures, and an electric motor to continuously drive the cylinder, said cylmder enclosing acoil electrically excited when a circuit is closed through the motor to rotate the cylinder, said coil when excited conducting magnetism of the cylinder thathecomes operative during the initial depression of a.

key-lever to first clutch the armature by magnetic attraction and then carry the armature by friction to complete the depression of the semi-depressed key-lever to actuate its typebar.

36. In a typewriting machine having typebars and depressible key-leversto actuate said type-bars, an actuating armature connected to each key-lever, a cylinder disposed transversely of and adjacent the series of armatures, and an electric motor to continuously drive the cylinder, said cylinder enclosing a series of coils thatform a continuous unit electrically excited when a circuit is closed through the motor to rotate the cylinder, said coils when excited conducting magnetism of co-operatlve with all the armatures, and 1ndividual tripping cams operative to vibrate the cylinder that becomes operative during the initial depression of a' key-lever to first clutch the armature by magnetic attraction and then carry the armature by friction to complete the depression of the semi-depressed key-lever to actuate its type-bar.

37. In a typewriting machine having type bars and depressible key-levers to actuate said type-bars, an actuating armature connected to each key-lever. a cylinder disposed transversely of and adjacent the series of armatures, and an electric motor .tocontinuously' drive the cylinder, said cylinder enclosing a plurality of coils wound for opposite polarities and assembled within thecylindento form a continuous unit of alternating polarity and electrically excited when a circuit is closed through the motor to rotate thecylinder. said coils whenexcited conducting magnetism of the cylinder that becomes operative during the initial depression of a key-lever to first clutch the armature by magnetic attraction and then carry the armature by friction to complete the depression of the semidepresse'd key-lever to actuate its type-bar;

38. In a typewriting machine having type-,

bars and depressible key-levers to actuate said type-bars, an actuating armature connected to each key-lever, a cylinder disposed trans electrically excite the coil when the motorcircuit is closed, said coil whenexcited conducting magnetism of the cylinder that becomes operative during the initial depression of a key-lever to first clutch the armature by magnetic attraction and then carry the armature by friction to complete the depression of the semi-depressed key-lever to actuate its type-bar. Y a V 39. In a typewriting machine having typebars and depressible key-levers to actuate said type-bars, an actuating armature connected to each key-lever, an actuating cylinder for the'armatures disposed transversely of and adjacent the series of armatures, and an electric motor to continuously drive the cylinder, said'cylinder enclosing a coil electrically excited to magnetize the cylinder when a circuit is closed through the motor to rotate the cylinder, said cylinder also having means for adjusting the plane thereof to determine a universal position for coaction with the pressed to normal inoperative position, a power-driven permanently magnetized cylinder an armature into the rotating magnetic field of the cylinder when said armature is partially depressed by its key-lever. to thereby effect a full depression of the key-lever to actuate its type-bar.

41. In a typewriting machine having typebars and'manually-depressible key-levers to actuate the type-bars to type, power-driven magnetic means to actuate the key-levers at will to type, including an actuating armature connected to each key-lever, and a powercommon to all the ari'hatures. said armatures beingshifted into the magnetic control ofthe rotating cylinder by a partial depression of the key-levers.

42. In a typewriting machine, the combi nation with a type-barhaving a manually. depressible key-lever to actuate the type-bar,

driven permanently magnetized cylinder" the type-bar, a stop to positively arrest the power-driven depression of the key-lever in advance of the typing position, and means intermediate the key-lever and the type-bar operative to free the type-bar from the control of the key-lever at the position of its greatest velocity, enabling the type-bar to type and recoil by its acquired momentum.

43. In a typewriting machine having type universal clutch-member, means to maintain the clutching engagement, and means carried by each individual clutch-member operative to disengage the clutch, said last-mentioned means lncluding a wedge-member rendered operative by the throw of the individual clutch-member to be interposed between said individualmember and the universal clutchmember.

4A. In a typewriting machine having type bars, the combination of power-driven means including a continuously rotating electromagnetized universal friction clutch-member to actuate the type-bars, an individual clutching armature-member operatively connected to each type-bar to be thrown b said universal member, keys to efiect the clutching engagement of the armature-members with the universal clutch-member, and means operative to disengage each armaturemember at the end of its throw.

45. In a typewriting machine having typebars, the combination of power-driven means including a continuously rotating electromagnetized universal friction clutch-member to actuate the type-bars, an individual clutching armature-member operatively connected to each type-bar to be thrown by said universal member, keys to efl'ect the clutching engagement of the armature-members with the universal clutch member, and nonmagnetic means carried by each armatureclutch-member and operative to sever the magnetic grip of said clutch by the throw of the armature.

46. In a typewriting machine having typebars, the combination of power-driven means including a continuously rotating electromagnetized 'universal friction clutch-member to actuate the type-bars, an individual clutching armature-member operatively con nected to each type-bar to be thrown by said universal member, keys to efi'ect the clutching engagement of the armature-members with the universal clutch-member, and nonmagnetic camming means carried by each armature-clutch-member and operative .to sever'both the magnetic and the mechanical grip of the universal clutch-member by the I nation with a typing mechanism, of a motordriven continuously-rotating and permanently-magnetized cylinder, an intermedlary operatively connected to and movable with one member of the typing mechanism, and operable upon entering the magnetic field of the cylinder to become eflective as a cylinderdriven element to actuate the whole typing mechanism to type a character, and means for adjustably connecting said intermediary to its typing member to time the entrance of said intermediary into the magnetic clutching field of the cylinder.

' 48. In a. device of the character described, the combination with key-levers, of a powerdriven rotary magneticactuator for all of the key-levers as each lever is depressed, and an adjusting means for the actuator to change the relative position of the actuator to the key-levers to control the extent of the actuation of the key-levers by the actuator.

49. In a device of the character described, the combination with key-levers, of a powerdriven rotary magnetic actuator, armaturecoupling-members connectible by the keylevers with the actuator to drive the key-levers, means to disconnect the coupling members from the actuator to release the keylevers, and an adjustable mounting for each coupling-member connecting them to the keylevers, to thereby control the timing of the disconnecting means.

50. In a device of the character described, a motor-driven rotatable magnetic actuator representing a cylindrical member and composed of a series of cylindrical magnet sections assembled to provide peripheral flux gaps, a magnetizing coil to induce magnetism of opposite. polarity enclosed within the successive magnet sections, and ring commutators connecting the terminals of the assembled magnetizing coils with a main circuit.

51. In a device of the-character described, a motor-driven rotatable magnetic actuator, composed of a series of cylindrical magnet sections enclosing a series of coils, mounted on a shaft, with peripheral flux gaps between adjoining magnet. sections, said coils being interconnected and wound to induce magnetism of opposite polarity in adjacent magnet sections, and ring commutators mounted on the shaft and connecting to the terminals of the assembled coils with a main circuit.

52. In a typewriting machine having a series of type-actions, a rotary type-actionoperating cylinder having a plurahty of builtup sections, each section having a coil, the coils having similar poles adjacent each other and effective to establish a magnetic field of substantially uniform density throughout the length of the cylinder. 0

53. In a typewriting machine, the combinapower-member.

tion of a-motor-driven magnet forming a uni \v'ersal clutch-member',-. a series of type-actions, individual armatures forming clutchmembers and connected to the type-actions to drive them, and means for selectively bringing said armatures under the influence of the magnetism of the universal clutch-member, to enable the latter to drive any type-action.

54;. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a motor-driven magnet forming a universal clutch-member, a series of typea ctions, individual armatur'es forming clutcharmature after driving the type, to enable the ty e to print by momentum, the magnetic c utch-member and the individual armatures each being adjustable, one relative to the other, to establish a uniform position where each type is released; 55. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a printing mechanism, a powerdriven member for operating the same,"ineluding a friction-coupler pivoted to onevpart of the printing mechanism and arrangedto be thrown by an electro-mechanical friction engagement with said power-driven member,

a key-lever operable when depressed to swing said coupler into the frictional control of said power-driven member, said power-driv 'en'member having magnetic characteristics that reinforce the frictional gripof the coupler independently of the key-pressure for a typing interval, and means carried with the thrown coupler and operative to engage the power-driven member at the end of the typing interval, to cam said couplerfree of the RICHARD a, REPPERT.

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