US1735286A - Process of coating metallic aluminum or aluminum alloys with aluminum oxide skin - Google Patents
Process of coating metallic aluminum or aluminum alloys with aluminum oxide skin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1735286A US1735286A US753525A US75352524A US1735286A US 1735286 A US1735286 A US 1735286A US 753525 A US753525 A US 753525A US 75352524 A US75352524 A US 75352524A US 1735286 A US1735286 A US 1735286A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- oxide skin
- alloys
- alloy
- coating metallic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 organic acid compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGNVQLDIPUXYDH-ZPKKHLQPSA-N (2R,3R,4S)-3-(2-methylpropanoylamino)-4-(4-phenyltriazol-1-yl)-2-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)OC(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]1N1N=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 OGNVQLDIPUXYDH-ZPKKHLQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000737 Duralumin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001446467 Mama Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid group Chemical class C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- CVMIVKAWUQZOBP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganic acid Chemical compound O[Mn](O)(=O)=O CVMIVKAWUQZOBP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid group Chemical group C(CCC(=O)O)(=O)O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
- H01G9/0032—Processes of manufacture formation of the dielectric layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
Definitions
- This invention relates to a sroeem of coat ing metallic aluminum or uminum alloy with aluminum oxide skin of desired thickness and consists in carrying out electrolysis b direct or alternating currentwith the meta; or its alloy as electrode or electrodes,'and using electrolyte of an aqueous solution of special organic acids such as oxalic and malonic acid or their salts, so that the skin produced on the surface of the metal or its alloy will not check the current flowing therethrough.
- the object of the invention is to cover the metal or its alloy with aluminum oxide skin which is of desired thickness and has an excellent property of electric insulation and anticorrosion, together with great mechanical strength and hardness, in an easy and effective manner.
- An aqueous SOllltlOll' of special organic oxidizing agents such as oxalic acid, malonic acid or their sodium, potassium or calcium salts may also be used for the electrolyte .of the invention.
- either direct or alternating-current may be used for electrolysis.
- the positive electrode is made of metallic aluminum or its alloy, while the negative electrode may be any other conductor inactive to the electrolyte.
- alternating current both electrodes can be made of the metal or its alloy. Concentration of electrolytes, current voltage and density, and the time of electrolysis may vary accor g to kinds of electrolyte and thickness of the skin The following examples will fully explain the invention.
- Example I A.queous solution of 1.0 to 3.0 per cent of oxalic acid or its salts is used as the electrolyte.
- both electrodes are made of metallic aluminum or aluminum alloys, such as duralumin.
- the positive electrode is made of metallic aluminum or aluminum alloy, while the negative electrode may be metallic aluminum or any other conductor inactive to the electrolyte.
- the electrolysis should preferably be performed under the working voltage of to 100 volts and the current density 1984, Serial Io. 758,525, and in Japan December 19, 1988.
- Example II A ueous solution of 1.0 to 3.0 per cent of m onic acid or its salts is used as the electrolyte under the similar condition and process of electrolysis as explained in the Example I, the surface of aluminum or its alloy is covered with the skin having gray enamel like luster with insulatin and anti-corrosive properties.
- the temperature of the electrolyte is preferably to remain under 30 C. by cooling and continuous agitation is recommended.
- the metallic aluminum has a specialproperty of checking the flow of electric current when it is used'as the anode on electrolysis.
- the flow of current is immediately checked by the formation of thin film or skin on the surface of the metallic aluminum.
- the expressionfiluminum material is intended to cover either sub stantially pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the ste which comprises electrolyzing a solution 0 a dibasic organic acid compound in contact with said material.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 12, 1929 TSUNETABO KUIIRAI, OI HAKA'IO-IAGBI, TOYOTAIA-GO PATENT OFFICE AHDSAIAIUmOI OJ'I-IAGHI, KITATOSHII A-GORL TOKYO rmrcruna, JAPAN, ASSIGITOBS TO ZAIDAH HOJIN I0, OI BONGO-1U, TOKYO, JAPAN IBOGFBS CI coa'rm G mam-1c AI-UIIHUI 03 um ALLOYS WITH ALUIIHUI OIEDB am He Drawing. Application fled December 2,
This invention relates to a sroeem of coat ing metallic aluminum or uminum alloy with aluminum oxide skin of desired thickness and consists in carrying out electrolysis b direct or alternating currentwith the meta; or its alloy as electrode or electrodes,'and using electrolyte of an aqueous solution of special organic acids such as oxalic and malonic acid or their salts, so that the skin produced on the surface of the metal or its alloy will not check the current flowing therethrough. The object of the invention is to cover the metal or its alloy with aluminum oxide skin which is of desired thickness and has an excellent property of electric insulation and anticorrosion, together with great mechanical strength and hardness, in an easy and effective manner. An aqueous SOllltlOll' of special organic oxidizing agents such as oxalic acid, malonic acid or their sodium, potassium or calcium salts may also be used for the electrolyte .of the invention.- Moreover, either direct or alternating-current may be used for electrolysis. When 'rect current is used, the positive electrode is made of metallic aluminum or its alloy, while the negative electrode may be any other conductor inactive to the electrolyte. When alternating current is used, both electrodes can be made of the metal or its alloy. Concentration of electrolytes, current voltage and density, and the time of electrolysis may vary accor g to kinds of electrolyte and thickness of the skin The following examples will fully explain the invention.
Example I .A.queous solution of 1.0 to 3.0 per cent of oxalic acid or its salts is used as the electrolyte. When alternating current is used for electrolysis both electrodes are made of metallic aluminum or aluminum alloys, such as duralumin. When direct current is used, the positive electrode is made of metallic aluminum or aluminum alloy, while the negative electrode may be metallic aluminum or any other conductor inactive to the electrolyte.
.In both cases the electrolysis should preferably be performed under the working voltage of to 100 volts and the current density 1984, Serial Io. 758,525, and in Japan December 19, 1988.
of 0.05 to 0.03 amperes per square centimeter. After electrolysis of about one hour, the surface of aluminum or its alloy is covered with the skin having yellow or gray enamel like luster, which has electrically insulating and antieorrosive pro 'es.
The thickness of this skin increases nearly proportional to the quantity of electricity use for electrolysis.
Example II.A ueous solution of 1.0 to 3.0 per cent of m onic acid or its salts is used as the electrolyte under the similar condition and process of electrolysis as explained in the Example I, the surface of aluminum or its alloy is covered with the skin having gray enamel like luster with insulatin and anti-corrosive properties.
all cases, the temperature of the electrolyte is preferably to remain under 30 C. by cooling and continuous agitation is recommended.
It is a well known fact that the metallic aluminum has a specialproperty of checking the flow of electric current when it is used'as the anode on electrolysis. For example, when it is used as the electrode in the so ution of silicates, boric acid, borates, phosphates, chromic acid, manganic acid or their salts, or of organic acids such as, succinic and citric acids; the flow of current is immediately checked by the formation of thin film or skin on the surface of the metallic aluminum.
Many attempts have been carried out to make electric insulating and anticorrosive skin on the surface of metallic aluminum by the electrol 'c process in the solution above mentioned, ut these have failed to get a sufiiciently thick film to withstand several hundred volts, owing to the properties of checking the current by'the thin film thus produced.
Accordin to the present invention, however, either y addin a small quantity of inorganic acids or their salts, in the solution of inorganic oxidizinfialgents or by choosing solutions of special ds of or anic acids, the current flows'for suflicient uration, so that a film of an desired thickness is produced on the sur ace of the aluminum or its alloy.
2 v v mamas In the claims the expressionfiluminum material is intended to cover either sub stantially pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
Claims:
1. In the process of electrolytically forming an insu ating and anti-corrosive oxide coating on aluminum material, acting as an electrode, the ste which comprises electrolyzing a solution 0 a dibasic organic acid compound in contact with said material.
2. In the process of electrolytically forming an insu ating and anti-corrosive oxide coating on aluminum material, acting as an electrode the step which comprises electrolyzing a solution of an oxalic acid compound in contact with said material.
3. The process of'electrolytically forming an insulating and anti-corrosive oxide coating on aluminum acting as an electrode which comprises electrolyzing a solution of an oxalic acid compound in contact with said aluminum with a voltage of to volts and a current density of .05 to .03 amperes per square centimete'r.
4. The process as in claim 3 wherein the solution contains from 1 to 3 per cent of the oxalic acid compound.
In testimony whereof they aflix their signatures.
TSUNETARO KUJIRAI. SAKAE UEKI.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP226536X | 1923-12-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1735286A true US1735286A (en) | 1929-11-12 |
Family
ID=12088789
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US753525A Expired - Lifetime US1735286A (en) | 1923-12-19 | 1924-12-02 | Process of coating metallic aluminum or aluminum alloys with aluminum oxide skin |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1735286A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR590800A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB226536A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3400058A (en) * | 1965-09-21 | 1968-09-03 | Boeing Co | Electrochemical process for andic coating of metal surfaces |
| US3412220A (en) * | 1963-11-26 | 1968-11-19 | Sprague Electric Co | Voltage sensitive switch and method of making |
| US3468772A (en) * | 1965-07-14 | 1969-09-23 | Aluminium Lab Ltd | Anodising treatment for aluminium |
| US3860503A (en) * | 1971-07-30 | 1975-01-14 | Riken Light Metal Ind Co | Method for forming a colored coating on aluminous materials |
| US4152221A (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1979-05-01 | Nancy Lee Kaye | Anodizing method |
| US4212685A (en) * | 1978-12-11 | 1980-07-15 | Lea Manufacturing Company | Protective and color receptive coating for aluminum |
| US4221640A (en) * | 1975-11-13 | 1980-09-09 | Hokusei Aluminum Company Ltd. | Method of treating a surface of an aluminum or aluminum alloy |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2839455A (en) * | 1951-07-21 | 1958-06-17 | Armco Steel Corp | Anodizing of aluminum coated objects |
| DE3528087C2 (en) * | 1984-08-06 | 1995-02-09 | Showa Aluminum Corp | Substrate for amorphous silicon solar cells |
-
1924
- 1924-12-02 US US753525A patent/US1735286A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1924-12-15 GB GB30150/24A patent/GB226536A/en not_active Expired
- 1924-12-18 FR FR590800D patent/FR590800A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3412220A (en) * | 1963-11-26 | 1968-11-19 | Sprague Electric Co | Voltage sensitive switch and method of making |
| US3468772A (en) * | 1965-07-14 | 1969-09-23 | Aluminium Lab Ltd | Anodising treatment for aluminium |
| US3400058A (en) * | 1965-09-21 | 1968-09-03 | Boeing Co | Electrochemical process for andic coating of metal surfaces |
| US3860503A (en) * | 1971-07-30 | 1975-01-14 | Riken Light Metal Ind Co | Method for forming a colored coating on aluminous materials |
| US4221640A (en) * | 1975-11-13 | 1980-09-09 | Hokusei Aluminum Company Ltd. | Method of treating a surface of an aluminum or aluminum alloy |
| US4152221A (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1979-05-01 | Nancy Lee Kaye | Anodizing method |
| US4212685A (en) * | 1978-12-11 | 1980-07-15 | Lea Manufacturing Company | Protective and color receptive coating for aluminum |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB226536A (en) | 1925-10-08 |
| FR590800A (en) | 1925-06-23 |
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