US1701550A - Lionel m - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 12, 1929. 1,701,550

L. M. WOOLSON INTERNAL COMBUsfrIoN ENGINE allume Feb. 12, 1929.

L. M. WOOLSON INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN ENGINE Filed May24, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 2- www., I

MW n Gamay Feb. l2, 1929. 1,701,550 L. M. wooLsoN k- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE ATTORNEY.

Patented Feb. 12,1929.

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LONEL IVI. WOOLSON, OFDETROIT, MCHIGAN, ASSGNOR lO PACKARD MOTOR CAR COMPANY, F DETRIT, MCHGAN, A COBPORATON 0F MICHIGAN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTIN ENGTE.

Application filed May 24, 1923. Serial No. 841,053.

Thisl invention relates to internal combustion engines7 more particularly to high speed, heavy duty engines such as are used to propel aircraft. It has for an object to providean engine of the character designated Which shall develop a large amount of pojver with respect to its Weight and with a maximum degree of reliability. t

Another object of this invention is to pro- 10 vide an engine of this type which shall be highly accessible for adjustments and repairs,

especially under emergency conditions.

A further object is to provide an engine in which i'nanutacture is facilitated and eX- pense reduced by the use of unit assemblies.

i Other objects of the invention Will appear from the following description taken in connection With the drawing9 Which forms a part of this specification and in which:

Fig. 1 is a side view, partially in section and partially in elevation, of an engine constructed in accordance with this invention;

Fig. 2 is a rear elevation ot the engine shown in Fig. l; l

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sect-ion through the head and valve operating mechanism of the engine, taken substantially on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; j

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1;

5 is an enlarged detail section showing the valve operating mechanism;

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6;-6 of 1 Fig. 7 isa horizontal section on the line Y 7-7 of Fig. 37 and Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8 3 of Fig. 't'. ln the construction of power plants for airfrat't itis essential to insure a high degree ot i'eiability, the nature ot the service these Aengines are intended lto perform making this a majornecessity. Repairs and adjustn'ients to such engines iiiust-soineti1nes be made under disadvantageous conditions,'placing accessibility at a premium. Next to reliability in operation and accessibility in construetion, it is desirable that an airplane engine develop relatively high power in proportion to its Weight. l

AVfith ythese considerations in mind, the presentinventionprovides a structure which is sturdyand rugged7 Which is arranged to be easily and quickly adjusted and repaired, and in which the Weight per horsepower developed has been reduced to a minimum.

' Referring to the drawings, at 1() is shown an internal combustionengine, adapted for use with aircr it, having a cylinder portion 11 and a head portion 12 secured thereto as by a plurality of bolts 13. The cylinder portion 11, which is preferably a casting of aluminum alloy or other light metal, is provided with an integral crank case portion 14, having brackets 15 by which the engine is supported on the engine bearer members in the Well knovvn manner. The bottom orn the crank case 14V is closed by a shallowv oil pan or sump 16. The cylinder portion 11 comprises a series of cylinders 17 arranged in line, and Which are preferably steel sleeves set into counterbores 181in the cylinder casting, and spaced therefrom ,to define passages 19 for circulation of cooling Water about the cylinders. The cyl inders 17 are provided with suitable pistons 21, operatively connected by rods 22 with a crank shaft- 23, which is journaled in bearings 24 in the crank case 14, in the usual manner. The forward end of the crank shaft 23 is preferably journaled in a suitable thrust bearing 26, and projected therethrough to provide a tapered spindle 2'?, adapted for attachment to a suitable airplane propeller 8. The other end of the crank shaft 23 is adapted'to overhang the end main bearing 24, and is pro- Y vided with a flexible coupling 29 of any suitable construction. The engine is equipped With the usual carburetor 31 adapted to supply fuel mixture to the engine through an intake manifold 32. j

The head portion 12 of the engine is preferably a casting of light Weight metal, such as alun'iiuum alloy, and is adapted lo seat ou' a suitable gasket 33 to seal the connection with the upj er end of the engine cylinders, in the vuellknoun manner. The head casting l2, as best shown in Fig. 3, is cored to provide suitable ini'ake and exhaust passages 34 and 3f. adaptedV for respective communication with the intake manifold 32, and `with the usual eX- shaft 113 provided at its upper end with a` bevel gear 11a adapted to mesh with the ej 111 on the shaft 10?', and at its lovver lend u u.

a coupling 1.16 by which it is connected to a shaft 11T adapted to drive a water circulating pump 118 and lulnicating pump (not shown). T he Water pump 118 is adapted to circulate cooline- Water through the coolengine Vmay be cranked from either side or directly from the rear. This mechanism includes a sere-.iv shaft 121 suitably ournaled in thereasing 1051 and provided with a pinion 122 having internal *screw threads adapted to engage (the screnv shaft-121 so as travel thereon as a nut When the shaft 121 is rotated. The shaft 121 is provided at a` point intermediate its ends with a bevel 12S adapt-ed to mesh with bevel pinions 12d mounted on shaft-s 126 at either side of the engine, which are provided with square ends 127 adapted to co-operate Wit-h the ordinary hand starting crank. rilhe extension of the shaft 121 is also provided with squared end 128. A spring bralre device 129 is adapted to prevent rotation of the pinion 122 With the shaft -121 as the latter is turned by means of the hand crank, thus sliding the pinion 122 along the shaft until it meshes with the gear 108. Continued rotation of the shaft 121 will result in rotation of the shaft 107, thus cranking the engine. ldhen the engine starts the sudden change in speed of the shaft 121. will cause the pinion122, by reason of its inertia, to spin baci-:Wards out of engagement with the gear 108, thus disengaging the cranking apparatus.

The drive assembly lcasing` 78 may be provided with a suitableproieotion 131, to which may be attached any suitable form of gun synchronizing device 132, adapted to` be driven from ay bevel gear 133 on the shaft 9G. The gun synchronizing device 132 is adapted to time the` operation of a machine gun mounted on the aircraft to which this engi -e is applicable so that the discharge of the gun, when firing through the propeller, will not strike the propeller blades. Any suitable device of this character may be provided and may be removed from the engine when the airplane is not being used for military ,purposes, as is Well understood. j

As will be seen, this invention provides an engine the total Weight of which is materially reduced in proportion to the power developed, Without in any Way lessening its sturdiness and reliability. It furthermore provides an assembly which is extremely accessible, removal of the cover plate 42 providing access to the cam shaft, Whichfmay be removed a unit therewith. Removal of the casi g 78 also exposes the accessory drive shaft 96 and its various related gears.

Also this invention provides a structure which readily lends itself to unit assembly, cam shaft, example, being assembled in its bea s fl-. on the plate 112 as a unit before placing inthe engine.

lt is to be noted that the cam shaft drive, pumps, magnetos, and other accessories'are all mounted on the casing 178, which being bolted to the cylinder block, is removable therefrom as a unit. This structure is especially valuable when repairs become necessary under emergency conditions in use.

lt Will be understood that various forms of the invention other than those described above. may be used Without departing from the spirit or scope the invention.

v l/Vhat is claimed is:

1. 1n combination in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder block, a recessed head casting therefor of light metal', and a combustion head of heat resisting metal, said combustion head being pressed into the recess in said casting and into direct contact therewith.

2. 1n combination in an internal combustion engine, an aluminum casting adapted to form a head therefor, integral side Walls projecting above said casting to form a housing, integral combustion heads of heat resisting metal secured in said casting, valve guides secured in said casting and adapted to project into said housing, puppet valves mounted to operate in said guides having seats formed in said combustion heads, and means Within the housing adapted to operate said valves.

3. The combination with an internal coinbustion engine of a head casting having upwardly extending parallel Walls forming a housing and provided with intake and exhaust passages for the engine, ported combustion hea'ls of heat resisting metal pressed into the casting, said ports communicating' With the intake and exhaust passages, valves seating on the combustion heads to control said ports, valve guides rigidly supported in the casting, a cover plate for the housing, and means Within the housing and secured to the cover plate adapted to actuate the valve.

41. In combination with an internal combustion engine, a head casting having longitudinal Walls upvvardly'ertended to form a housing, a cover plate removably secured to the housing, bearings carried bv the cover plate' a camshaft journaled in the bearings Within the housing, guide members remov-' ably secured to the cover plate, and plunger members reciprocable in the guide members and operable by the camshaft.

f 5. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a valve operating assembly therefor, comprising a camshaft, a sup-- porting` plate therefor removably secured to the engine, guide members removably secured to 4the plate, and plunger members Within the guide members operable by the can'lshg'i'lt to aetnate the engine valves.

G. The combination with an internal combustion engine homing valves disposed in the head thereof, of avalve operating assembly comprisin a s invporting plate removably secured to the engine head, a camshaft mounted on the plate, guide members removably se Cured to the plate, hollow plungers having slotted sides mounted in the guide members to permit passage of the camshaft and operable therefrom, and adjustable means on the plungers to aotnate the valves.

7, The rCombination With an internal eombustion engine, of a head casting having valves land adapted to 'form a housing', a Cover plate removably secured to the bonsa Camshaft mounted on the plate Within the housing, guide members arranged in pairs and removably secured to the plate Within the housing, and hollenlv pl'ungers operable from the camshaft and adapted to aetuate the valves, said plungers having slotted sides for passage of the camshaft therethrough.

8. In an internal combustion engine, in combination, an almninum head casting, ,onpshaped combustion head?3 pressed into the casting' and having valve ports therein, valve guides pressed into the casting above said ports, valves in the guides, a cover plate ren'nwably secured to the casting, and valve actuating means secured to the cover plate.

9. In an internal combustion engine, in combination, a head Casting` for a removable Cover plate forming a housing', a casing secured thereto and projectingl downwardly at the rear thereof. a second Casing' secured to the engine and cooperating -With the first named easing, a ean'ishatt mounted on the cover plate, and driving means therefor mounted in the Casings.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

LIONEL M. IVOOLSQN.

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