US1690260A - Boiler furnace and garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 6, 1928. 1,690,260

H. E. WALLIS BOILER FURNACE AND GARBAGE INCINERATOR Filed April l5, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 6% T1 L' V INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Nov. 6, 1928.

a H. E. WALLIS BOILER FURNACE AND GARBAGE INCINERATOR 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed April 15, 1926 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Nov. 6, 1928.

untrea- STATES PATENT eel-ice.

HENRY WALLIS, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAT\T..

BOILER FURNACE AND GAR-neon 'momnnaron.

Application filed April 15, 1926, Serial n loansr My invention relates to a boiler furnace and garbage incinerator shownin-the accompany ing drawings and more particularly described in the following specification and claims.

The primary object of my invention is to construct a boiler furnace for hot water or low pressure system of sheet metal preferably welded "together rto reduce manufacturing costs,and so constructed as to secure maximum efficiency by mixingthe volatile gases Ina heating furnace it should be borne in mind that fully 7 5% of the time the furnace is operated the dampers are closed and under these conditions there is notsufficient oxygen to effect combustionnor is there sufficient power in the fiues to draw the gases through the multitude of small tubes commonly employed in heating units. The draft -in most casesnecessary to accomplish this will be from 25/100 to 30/100 inches as measured by a column-ofwater. It will be apparent from this that when operating with the draft closed the gases released cannot carry through the tubes and under such conditions thetubes areineffective for they cannot function as heat absorbing members, but soon fill up with soot and ash which are non-conductors of heat. This deposit must be scraped out or otherwise removed from the tubes before they are again effective.

When combustion is imperfect the deposit in the tubes and heating surfaces is very rapid and after a fresh charge of coal the accumulation of soot and ash is suflicient to greatly-i111- pair the efficiency of any furnace.

Theoretically 200 cubic feet of air is required to consume one pound of coal. With loss of draft by closed dampers the coal is consumedas if placed in a retort by a baking process and not by a proper mixture that will effect complete combustion.

, Modern practice demands thatat least 15% of the necessary air must be admittedto the furnace above the fuelbed. This is acc'om; plished in my furnace by passing air through.

acarburetor and discharging-it immediately above the incandescent coke fire back of "the smoke-arch. i

With the foregoing and other objects in view'which will appear as the description pro-i ceeds the-inventionfurther resides in the-com mation and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter described and claimed it being understood thatchanges may be made in the preciseembodiment of the invention herein 'disclos'ed without departing from thespiritof the same;

In the drawings accompanying this specifi cation:

Figure 1 is avertical longitudinal sectional view-of the boiler furnace.

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectionalview taken on or about line 2-2 of Figured looking down upon the gratbars; I

Figure 3 is' a vertical 'cro'sssection'al View taken on or about line3-3'of Figure 1.

Figure 4is avertical cross-sectional view taken on or aboutline of Figure-d.

Figure 5- is mean view of oneof new buretors in =cross=sectiontaken on or about line }5-5'of Figure I.

placed upon thedrawings:

denotes an outer-shell, A aninner shell spaced from-the outer'shell with" a flange at the botwmwelded 'to the outer shell forming a chamber in which water is carried, entirely surrounding the fire and the hot gases'of combustion. Between the members A- 1 on each'side of the fireboxan'd extending the full length of Y the furnace are baffle plates B-B. These baffle plates separate thew'atr into two bodies the outer bein =the-' colder water which fl0W'S downwardly while the inner space directstheh'otter water upwardly following the arch of the crown sheet A to a point nearor'ona plane with thetop of the crown sheet where the baffle plates are given a reverse=curve B; the purpose of which is to prevent violent l agitation or priming There are three or more cross; members Referring now to the letters 'o-freference bridzring'th'e furnace throughfivhich water circulates. The first "one marked C is located above the grate bars D andamhetl;extending rearwardly from the front of the furnace 'abbutone-third the length of 'the unit,it is hollow" and i s constrificted of sheet metal dil vided bytw'o baflle plates ()C and'iswelded to the sheets formingthe '=side-walls of' the fireboxand to the 'frontwall of the furnace as at This water box is curved thebot tom reaching across the furnace-and has port openings E cut through the tire sheet near its bottom end to admit water freely, while the upper end cuts shell A connecting into the inner space formed by the batlles BB where the water is in high velocity. The battle plat cs C" C placed inside the arched leg C divide the water. The smoke arch C is so formed that the portion at the lower side of the arch is the crown under which the coal is coked, and consequently the under-surface is not subjected to a high temperature. The coal lying under this arch is under the process of coking. and the gas from the coal is carried through the carburetor 1 forward into the furnace proper. where the gas is consumed. There being no heat against the under side of this arch C. the water circulates freely under the lower edge of the baflle C, supplying both channels G and C with an ample supply of water at all times.

Passing through this arch-shaped box are short boiler tubes H welded thereto which serve to support the necks of the carburetors I-I which function as follows:

Fresh fuel having been placed in the furnace in front of the arch C the previous charge having been reduced to coke-it is pushed back under the bottom of the arch into the rear section of the fire box and onto the transverse rocking grate bars .Tactuated by the lever Jwhere it is further consumed. The volatile gas from the fresh charge soon starts to exude from the coal and is carried upwardly mixing with fresh air admitted through air-ducts K into the fuel bed through which it finds its way to the carburetor where the mixture is perfected and on reaching the inner chamber of the carburetor is heated, becoming a highly combustible gas when discharged through the port I from the carburetor.-it is ignited by the flame arising from the coke at the rear of the grates.

At the rear of the transverse grate bars is placed a hollow bridge wall or water leg L. This like the arched front leg. is welded to the side fire sheets with ports cut through as at AL-M to permit water to flow into it. from the sides-it also is provided with two battles N'N. A third box or water leg P is spaced from this one midway to the rear. This leg differs from the others in that it is opened at the sides into the side water legs. and also is provided with double battle plates P-P. for the same purpose as the battle plates in the frontand center water legs.

By dividing: the water in this way the friction caused by water passing upwardly and downwardly in the same passage is minim zed permitting unrestricted flow, without danger of the water carrying over or priming.

indicates a tile slab resting upon the top of the bridge wall L and on angle irons m-m. secured to the walls of the inner shell. The tile Q extends in a forward direction about one-third the length of the fire box and the flames lapping under the tile pa in from; and then back over the top of the tile and in a down 'ard direction in front of the water leg P.-dividing upon reaching the tile R. resting: upon angle irons r-r made fast to the bridge wall and water leg P. The tile R causes the to separate. halt passing on each side and under the bottom of the water leg P. the gas being then directed upwardly on the opposite side of the leg P encounters the tile 3. supported on angle irons .s'-a secured to the water leg and rear wall of the furnace,here it again divides before making: its exit through opening T to he stack;- not shown. In this manner tit gases are tort-ed out against the walls of the furnace where heat is taken up through the plates by the water between the walls of the furnace.

Located near the bottom of the rear chamher are a. plurality of water tubes ll, spaced apart and projecting through the inner shell A of the side walls. These tubes serve as grate bars upon which garbage or other waste may be deposited through the door V, at the rear of the furnace.

it will be een that the hot gases "from the furnace pass over the garbage qio air being admitted from bclow drying the wai'te material and destroying all ordors. llhcn thoroughly dry, it is in condition to take fire and upon opening the sliding gate ii in the curtain wall lV opcratyd by a handle ll extending through the side walls of the furnace air is admitted from the pit below the water tubes ll, causing the refuse to burn quickly until all is consumed,while the heat units contained in the refus are con served and carried alongwith the main rol nine of gas from the main fuel bed.

X denotes the outlct connection for the water or steam pipcs (not shown) leading to radiators and X" i'" are return connec tions respectively located on op 'iosite sides of the furnace for convenience in making a suitable return connection from the heating system.

In this construction--thcrc bein; no small tulips-"the draft I! istance through the furnaee is practically nil. nor is there any place for lodgmcnt of soot or ash.-the bcatin; surface rcmainiirs, clean at all times and in the best; possible condition to absorb the heat. It will also be noticed that ncarl the entire heating surface is subject-"d to radiant lit-at from the surface on which the rays o i beat may shine and are transmitted by conrcction. which start on or before the gases reach the tile The combustible gases are in extremely long contact with the heating surface and by following the course of travel, it will be noted iltl lib

Ilu

that they pass fully twice the entire length of the furnace'beforepa'ssing out through the flue or chimney. j i I Having thus described my inventionwhat I "claim is: U g 1. A boiler-furnace"including an inner and an outer shell, spaced'apart to form a water chamber surrounding the combustion chamber formed by the inner shell; bafile plat-s dividing the water chamber between the inner and outer shells, whereby the water between the outer wall and the baffle plates may flow downwardly and thence upwardly between the bafile plates and the inner shell to the space above the combustion chamber; ahollow rearwardly and downwardly curved smoke arch located in the combustioncharnher and extending from side wall to side wall and from front wall rearwardly, the inner shell of the front wall of the furnace having an'opening to establish communication'between the waterchamber and the smoke arch,

the latter having ports leading through the inner shellof the sidewalls, connecting the archwiththe space betweentheinnershell and the baflle plates; anda plurality-of bathe plates in said'smoke archrunning parallel with the walls of the "latter.

2. A boiler-furnace" including an inner and an outer shell, spaced apart to form a water chamber, the inner shell forming also the wall of the combustion chainber; a hollow smoke archbridging thespaee between the side walls of said chamber and extending rearwardly from the front wall with communicating ports between the sidewalls and the smoke arch andbetween; the front wall and the sn'lo'k'e arch for the circulation of water through the latter; and a carburetor consisting of 'a-neck open atone end extending through the walls of the smoke-arch with an enlarged chamber fitted to the other end of the neck having a contracted discharge opening communicating with the combustion chamber above the smoke arch and a per- I forated partition wall dividingthe enlarged chamberof the carburetorthroi'igh which the gases. pass, and are thereby caused to coiningle before being discharged into the coinbustion chamber above the smoke arch;

3. i A boiler-furnace including an innerand an outer shell extending the full length of the furnace, said inner shell-"forming also the combustion space of the furnace; bathe plates located between the inner and outer shells dividing the water into two bodies, the upper marginal edges of the bafile plates being inclined away from the inner sheli at or about the plane of the'upper wall of the combustion chamber, providing relatively wide discharge throats for the water circulating upwardly betweenthe inner walls andthe baflie plates into the space above the combustion chamber, whereby surface ebullition ma be overcome;

a hollow smoke arch locateda ovethe grates bridging the space between the side walls of the furnace and extendingre'arwardly from the front wall'with an openingthrough the inner shell betweenthe front wall-and'smoke arch and also ports through the side walls into the arch for the circulation of'wate'r through the arch; and a carburetor compris ing a throat extending through the walls of the smoke arch open to the combustion chamber below the arch and connected with an enlar ed chamber located above the smoke archfiiaving acontracted discharge opening for the passage of furnace gases through said carburetor; and a foram nated partition wall dividing the enlarged chamber of the carburetor, whereby the furnace gases are thor-v oughly mixed as they pass through the chamfrom the rear wall of the furnace; a battle extending fromthe bridge wall to the rear water leg but spaced from thesidewalls of the furnace; a second bathe extending from the water leg to the rear wall of the furnace also spaced from the sidewalls, whereby the products of combustion passing over the bridge wall are divided between the bridge wall and rear water leg and directed toward the respective side Walls ofthe furnace, and upon passing underthe water leg are again divided by thesecondbaflle and directed toward the side walls between the water leg and the rear wall of the furnace before passing to an uptake'flue.

5. A boiler-furnace of the character described consisting of an inner and outer shell spaced apart to provide a water chamber surrounding the combustion chamber;a bridge wall dividing the fire box from the rea-r'end of a the furnace; a; depending water-leg spaced from the bridge wall and therear end of the furnace and communicatingwith the water chamber between theside walls of the furan outer shell, spaced apart to form a water chamber, theinnershell forming alsothe wall ofthe combustion chamber, a hollow smoke arch bridging the side walls of said chamber and extending rearwardly from the front walland having communication with said water chamber and providediwith a transverse opening extending theretln'ongh, and a carburetor having a hollow chamber and a reduced tubular portion mounted in said transverse opening to support the carburetor above the smoke arch, said chamber being provided with an opening leading into the combustion chamber above the smoke arch.

7. A boiler-furnace including an inner and an outer shell, spaced apart to form a water chamber, the inner shell forming also the wall of the comlnistion chamber, a hollow smoke arch bridging the side walls of said chamber and extending rearwardly from the front wall and having connnunication with said water chamber. and a carburetor including a chamber and a neck portion, the neck portion extending through the smoke arch and being open to convey the products of combustion from the underside of the smoke arch into the carburetor chamber, the carburetor chamber having a discharge opening communicating with the combustion chamber above the smoke arch.

8. A boiler-furnace including an inner and an outer shell, spaced apart to form a water chamber, the inner shell forming also the wall of the combustion chamber. a hollow smoke arch bridging the side walls of said chamber and extending rear wardly from the front wall and having communication with said water chamber, a carlniretor includin a chamber and a neck portion, the neck portion extending through the smoke arch and being open to convey the products of combustion from the underside of the smoke arch into the carburetor chamber, the carburetor chamher having a discharge opening communicating with the combustion chamber above the smoke arch. and a perforated partition wall dividing the chamber of the carburetor through which the gases pass and are caused to co-minglc before being discharged into the combustion chamber above the smoke arch.

9. A boiler furnace having an ash pit and including an inner and an outer shell, spaced apart to form a water chamber, the inner shell forming also the wall of the combustion chamber. a hollow smoke arch bridging the side walls of said chamber and extending rearwardly from the front wall and communicating with the chamber, a bridge wall dividing the tire box from the rear end of the furnace, a. depending water leg spaced from the. bridge wall and the rear end of the furnace and connnunicating with the water chamber, a plurality of water pipes below the water leg bridging the space between the side walls of the furnace to form a. grate, a curtain wall below the bridge wall dividing the ash pit from the space below the water tubes, and a damper in said curtain wall to permit draft to pass from the ash. pit up between the water tubes.

10. A boiler-furnace including an inner and an outer shell, spaced. apart to term a chamber, battle .plates water chamber, the inner shell also forming the wall of the combustion chamber, battle plates in said water chan'iber, a rcarwardly and downwardly curved hollow smoke arch bridging the side walls of said chamber and having communication with the water chamber, curved battle plates arranged in said smoke arch in parallelism with each other and with the upper and lower walls of the smoke arch, a hollow bridge wall spaced from the smoke arch and dividing the lire. box from the rear end of the furnace and terminating short of the top of the combustion chamber, spaced parallel batlles in the bridge wall arranged in parallelism with the front and rear walls of the bridge wall, the latter having COHlll'llllliCtll'lOH with the aforesaid water chamber, a tile roof extending forwardly from the top of the bridge wall and adapted to direct the hot gases from the tire box forwardly from the ln'idge wall upwardl and over the tile roof, a depending water leg spaced from the bridge wall and the rear end of the furnace and communicating with the water chamber, spaced batiles in the water leg arranged in parallelism with each other and with the front and rear walls of the water leg, a batile extending from the bridge wall to said water leg and at its sides spaced from the side walls of the furnace, and a second ballle extending from the water leg to the rear wall of the furnace and at its sides spaced from the side walls of the furnace whereby the products of combustion passing over the bridge wall are divided hetwecn the bridge wall and the rear water leg and directed toward the respective side walls of the furnace and upon passing under the water leg are again divided by said second battle and directed toward the side walls of the furnace before passing out of the furnace.

11. A boiler furnace including an inner and an outer shell spaced apart to form a water chamber, the inner shell forming also the wall of the coml'mstion chamber, :rrearwardly and downwardly curved hollow smoke arch bridging the side walls of said chamber and having eomn'iunication with the latter for circulation of water through said arch, batlles arranged in the smoke arch and running parallel with each other and with the upper and lower walls of the curved arch, a hollow bridge will spaced from the smoke arch and communicating with the water a rrangzed w i th in the bridge wall in spaced relation to each other and parallel with relation to each other and with the front and rear walls of the bridge wall, and :1 depending water leg spaced from the bridge wall and the rear of the furnace and having communication with the aforesaid water chamber, spaced hallles in the water leg arranged in parallelism with each other and with the from: and rear walls of the Water leg, a ,bafile between the bridge Wall and the water leg, and a bafile between the water leg and the rear end of the furnace.

12. A boiler-furnace of the character described, having an ash pit and comprising an inner and an outer shell spaced apart to provide a Water chamber surrounding the com- .bustion chamber, a hollow smoke arch in the combustion chamber having communication with said Water chamber, a. hollow bridge wall dividing the fire box from the rear end of the furnace, a depending water leg spaced from the bridge Wall and the rear endof the furnace and having communication with the water chamber, said bridge wall also having communication with the water chamber, a plurality of Water pipes below the Water leg to form a grate, a curtain wall below the bridge wall dividing the ash pit from the space below the water tubes, and means for cutting off or establishing communication between the ash pit and the space under the water tubes. a

In testimony whereof, I cation.

HENRY E. WVALLIS.

sign this specifi-

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